一、定語從句與同位語從句的相似點

1. 都是用來修飾中心詞——名詞。

2. 都可以由that來引導句子。

同位語從句：

The suggestion that students should learn something useful is worth considering. 學生應該學些有用的東西，這一建議值得考慮。

定語從句：

The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something useful. 值得考慮的建議是學生應該學些有用的東西。

二、定語從句與同位語從句的不同點

1. 語法概念不同。修飾名詞或代詞，起形容詞性作用的句子叫做定語從句。同位語從句是放在名詞的后面，用以說明該名詞具體的內(nèi)容，所指內(nèi)容為同一事物，在句中作同位語。

2. 語法功能不同。定語從句修飾的中心詞是名詞或代詞，對先行詞（名詞）起的是限定、修飾的作用。翻譯成“……的”起定語的作用。而同位語從句與先行詞之間存在的是同位或等同的關系，對先行詞起描述作用，是解釋名詞的具體內(nèi)容，說的是同一事情。

同位語從句：

The news that she had failed the exam surprised every one of us. 她考試失利的消息讓我們每個人感到驚訝。（that之后是news的具體內(nèi)容）

定語從句：

The news that he told us made all of us interested. 他告訴我們的消息使大家都感興趣。（that之后是對news的解釋）

3. 連接從句的引導詞不同。同位語從句的引導詞多是that，whether，也有連接代詞what，who，連接副詞how， when， where等。切記：if， which 不能引導同位語從句。引導詞在句中不充當任何成分。

定語從句的引導詞有關系代詞that， which， who， whom， whose， as等（沒有what），關系副詞where， when， why等。引導詞有連接定語從句、代替主句中的先行詞，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整個主句及在定語從句中充當句子成分等作用。

同位語從句：

The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody. 他實驗成功這個事實使我們大家很高興。（that只起連接作用）

定語從句：

The fact that （which） you told me about yesterday is very important. 你昨天告訴我的那個事實很重要。（that在從句中作about的賓語）

4. 先行詞不同。同位語從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常是抽象名詞，有一定的內(nèi)涵。常見的有idea， situation， thought， fact， evidence， belief， doubt， fear， hope， question， theory， suggestion， proposal， word， thought， truth， possibility， promise， order，news， ability等等。

定語從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛，可以是名詞，代詞，主句的一部分甚至整個句子。

5. 由when， why， where引導的定語從句分別修飾或說明表示時間、原因或地點的詞，但它們引導的同位語從句一般不和表示時間或地點的詞同位。

同位語從句：

I have no idea when she will come back. 我不知道她何時回來。

The question where we shall have a meeting hasn't been decided. 我們到什么地方去開會，這個問題還沒有決定。

定語從句：

I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然記得初次來北京的那天。

This is the farm where my father worked two years ago. 這是我父親兩年前工作的農(nóng)場。

6. 定語從句所修飾、限定的先行詞可以是各類名詞，可以有復數(shù)形式；而同位語從句一般都與抽象名詞同位，一般沒有復數(shù)形式。

同位語從句：

Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter wouldn't like to go to school. 她的母親很擔心，她女兒有可能不喜歡上學。

定語從句：

The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great. 她得到的可能性似乎大些。

鞏固練習

1. A warm thought suddenly came to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday.

A. if B. when

C. that D. which

2. When the news came________ the war broke out， he decided to serve in the army.

A. since B. which

C. because D. that

3. Modern science has given clear evidence smoking can lead to many diseases________.

A. what B. that

C. which D. where

4. The fact has worried many scientists________ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.

A. what B. which

C. that D. though

5. Tomorrow is Tom's birthday. Have you got any idea ________the party is to be held？

A. what B. which

C. that D. where

6. The days are gone ________physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

A. when B. that

C. where D. which

7. You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station________ you can hire to reach your host family.

A. which B. where

C. when D. as

8. The prize will go to the writer ________story shows the most imagination.

A. that B. which

C. whose D. what

9. It's helpful to put children in a situation ________they can see themselves differently.

A. that B. when

C. which D. where

10. A bank is the place________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

A. when B. that

C. where D. there

參考答案

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