姚金紅
為了表達(dá)人類(lèi)豐富的思想感情,英語(yǔ)中有許多與“哭”有關(guān)的同義詞匯,但它們之間有細(xì)微的差別。本文揭示了這些有關(guān)“哭”的詞匯含義和其細(xì)微差別以及翻譯時(shí)注意的事項(xiàng)。
英語(yǔ)詞匯哭
哭是人類(lèi)表達(dá)思想感情常見(jiàn)的方式之一。漢語(yǔ)中有“大哭”、“號(hào)哭”、“呻吟”、“啜泣”等等這些極其生動(dòng)的表達(dá)“哭”的詞匯,英語(yǔ)中也同樣存在豐富的表達(dá)“哭”的詞匯。下面,筆者想從三方面進(jìn)行歸納和解析。
1英語(yǔ)中表示“哭”的動(dòng)詞
1.1 blubber:cry noisily, especially in a way that annoys people號(hào)哭
Stop blubbering, for heavens sake!天哪,別再哇哇地哭個(gè)不停!
1.2 howl:make a long loud cry because of unhappiness, pain, or anger.(因悲傷、疼痛、憤怒而)不停地嚎哭;咆哮
He bowled when he fell down.他摔倒時(shí)疼痛地嚎叫。
1.3 moan:make a long low sound expressing pain, unhappiness, or sexual pleasure呻吟,嗚咽,哼哼。
The old man moaned in pain when he received an operation.
老人接受手術(shù)時(shí)痛苦地呻吟著。
1.4 scream: make a loud high noise with your voice because you are hurt, frightened, excited etc(因疼痛、驚恐、興奮等)尖聲大叫,哭叫
Shots rang out, and people started screaming.突然響起槍聲,人們大聲哭叫起來(lái)。
1.5 screech:make a very unpleasant, high noise with your voice, especially because you are angry(因生氣等)尖叫,尖聲喊叫
She screeched at me to take off my muddy shoes.她尖聲叫喊叫我脫掉粘滿(mǎn)污泥的鞋子。
1.6 sniffle: sniff repeatedly to stop liquid from running out of your nose, especially when you are crying or have a cold反復(fù)抽鼻子(尤指在哭或感冒時(shí)為了不讓鼻涕流出來(lái)。
For goodness sake, stop sniffling.看在老天爺面上,別再抽鼻子了。
1.7 sob:cry noisily while breathing in short sudden bursts啜泣,嗚咽,抽噎
Mary flung herself on the bed, sobbing.瑪麗撲倒在床,抽泣起來(lái)。
1.8 wail:say something in a loud, sad, and complaining way大聲哭叫,號(hào)啕大哭
When his money was stolen, the old man wailed for half an hour.錢(qián)被偷后,老人號(hào)啕大哭了半小時(shí)。
1. 9 weep:cry, especially because you feel very sad.(尤因悲傷)哭泣,流淚
The children wept for their mothers death.孩子們?yōu)槟赣H的去世而悲傷地哭。
1.20 whine:make a long high sound because you are in pain or unhappy悲鳴,哀叫
The old man was whining beside his sons tomb.老人在他兒子墳?zāi)古园Э蕖?/p>
2英語(yǔ)中表示“哭”的名詞
英語(yǔ)中表示“哭”的動(dòng)詞大部分也是名詞。例如,cry, scream, yell,blubber等。英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)在行文上有兩個(gè)顯著的區(qū)別。一是英語(yǔ)行文中多用名詞,漢語(yǔ)行文中多用動(dòng)詞。
例如:
We are in need of your help.我們需要你們的幫助。
Their fates are in the hands ofthese rich people.他們的命運(yùn)掌握在這些富人手中。
英語(yǔ)中常用“介詞+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)思想,如以上的in need of和in the hands of在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞“需要”和“掌握在……手中”。
3英語(yǔ)中有關(guān)“哭”的短語(yǔ)
3.1 burst into tears突然哭起來(lái)
The little girl burst into tears at the sight of the dog.小姑娘一看到狗就突然哭了起來(lái)。
3.2 complain of being hard up哭窮
She is always complaining of being hard up before her friends.她總是在朋友面前哭窮。
3.3 put on a long face哭喪著臉
The old lady always put on a long face before her daughter.老太太總是在女兒面前哭喪著臉。
3.4 wail and whine哭天抹淚
The old couple wailed and whined when their only child died in a traffic accident.在得知自己唯一的孩子在車(chē)禍中喪命后,這對(duì)老夫妻傷心得哭天抹淚。
3.6 shed crocodile tears貓哭耗子
People know the boss shed crocodile tears at his rivals funeral.人們知道這個(gè)老板在他的對(duì)手的葬禮上貓哭耗子。
4結(jié)語(yǔ)
和“笑”相比,英語(yǔ)中表示“哭”的詞匯較少。我們應(yīng)該熟知和掌握這些“哭”的同義詞,并了解它們之間細(xì)微的差別。這樣才能在書(shū)寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)文章和從事翻譯時(shí)準(zhǔn)確使用。另外,我們還要掌握英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)在行文上有一個(gè)明顯的區(qū)別:英語(yǔ)行文中多用名詞,漢語(yǔ)行文中多用動(dòng)詞。因此,我們?cè)趯?xiě)英語(yǔ)文章或從事漢譯英翻譯時(shí),要多用英語(yǔ)名詞。這樣才符合英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣,翻譯出地道的作品,提高譯文質(zhì)量。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]牛津現(xiàn)代高級(jí)英漢雙解辭典.牛津大學(xué)出版社,1984.
[2]《英漢大詞典》編寫(xiě)組.英漢大詞典.上海:上海譯文出版社,1997.