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        中考被動語態(tài)考點透視

        2017-03-28 22:37:06李建高
        試題與研究·中考英語 2016年4期
        關(guān)鍵詞:動賓被動語態(tài)真題

        李建高

        縱觀近年來全國各地區(qū)中考英語試題,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn),中考對被動語態(tài)的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面:

        一、考查被動語態(tài)的概念和構(gòu)成

        解答被動語態(tài)題目,首先要判斷主語和動作的關(guān)系。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者(二者是主謂關(guān)系),就用主動語態(tài);如果主語是動作的承受者(二者是動賓關(guān)系),就用被動語態(tài)。

        被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞。助動詞be有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。

        【真題鏈接】(2016年廣安卷) —You speak Chinese very well, Sam.

        —Thanks. Chinese is very popular. It _____ widely in the world.

        A. speak B. is spoke

        C. was spoken D. is spoken

        【解析】選D。句意為:——山姆,你漢語說得很好。——謝謝。漢語很流行。它在世界上應(yīng)用得廣泛。主語it(Chinese)是動詞speak的承受者,應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)is spoken。

        二、考查各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)

        被動語態(tài)試題對時態(tài)考查的熱點主要集中在一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時及現(xiàn)在完成時上。

        1. 一般現(xiàn)在時

        一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的被動動作,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:am / is / are + done (動詞的過去分詞)。常用now,today,every day, often, usually, always, seldom, never等做時態(tài)標志詞。

        【真題鏈接1】(2016年臨沂卷) Now all Chinese couple _____ to have two children.

        A. allow B. allowed

        C. are allowed D. were allowed

        【解析】選C。句意為:現(xiàn)在所有的中國夫婦可以生兩個孩子。由now(現(xiàn)在)以及主語all Chinese couple和動詞allow之間的動賓關(guān)系可知,要用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。

        【真題鏈接2】(2016年成都卷) You are not supposed to go to a family party unless you _____ to in the USA.

        A. are not invited B. are invited

        C. will be invited

        【解析】選B。句意為:在美國如果你沒有被邀請,就不能參加家庭聚會。unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時,如果主句為一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來;主語you與動詞invite之間為動賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。

        2. 一般過去時

        一般過去時的被動語態(tài)表示過去某一時刻的被動性動作,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:was / were + done。常用yesterday,last year / month / week, ten years ago等時間狀語做時態(tài)標志詞。

        【真題鏈接3】(2016年陜西卷) Football _____ to our school subjects last year.

        A. is added B. adds

        C. was added D. added

        【解析】選C。句意為:去年,足球被加進了我們學(xué)校的科目。主語football與動詞 add之間為動賓關(guān)系,而且動作發(fā)生在last year,所以要用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。

        【真題鏈接4】(2016年淮安卷) —Aunt Li, who is the pretty girl in red in the picture?

        —Its my daughter. The picture _____ 10 years ago.

        A. took B. is taken

        C. has taken D. was taken

        【解析】選D。句意為:——李阿姨,照片中穿紅衣服的那個漂亮女孩是誰?——那是我的女兒。這張照片是十年前拍的。主語the picture與動詞take之間是動賓關(guān)系,并且動作發(fā)生在過去,所以要用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。

        3. 一般將來時

        一般將來時被動語態(tài)表示將來某一時刻的被動性動作,常用表示將來的tomorrow,next year / month / week, in a few years time等時間狀語做時態(tài)標志詞,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:shall / will be + done;am / is / are going to be + done。

        【真題鏈接5】(2016年南京卷) Its reported that Jiangsu Grand Theater _____ in September this year.

        A. completes B. is completed

        C. will complete D. will be completed

        【解析】選D。句意為:據(jù)報道江蘇大劇院將于今年九月份竣工。in September this year是表示將來的時間狀語,主語Jiangsu Grand Theater與動詞complete之間為動賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。

        【真題鏈接6】(2016年北京卷) A new road _____ near my school next year.

        A. builds B. will build

        C. is built D. will be built

        【解析】選D。句意為:明年在我的學(xué)校附近將建成一條新路。主語a new road與動詞build之間為動賓關(guān)系,時間狀語為next year,應(yīng)用一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。

        4. 現(xiàn)在完成時

        現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)表示到目前為止已經(jīng)完成的某個被動性動作,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:have / has been + done。句中常出現(xiàn)already,so far,up to now,“since + 時間點”等時態(tài)標志詞。

        【真題鏈接7】(2015年泰安卷) —Lily, will you go to Jennys birthday party this Saturday?

        —Im not sure. Because I _____ so far.

        A. havent invited

        B. wasnt invited

        C. havent been invited

        D. will be invited

        【解析】選C。句意為:——莉莉,這個星期六你將要去參加珍妮的生日聚會嗎? ——我不能確定。因為到目前為止我還沒有被邀請。主語I與動詞invite之間為動賓關(guān)系,要用被動語態(tài)。時間狀語so far為現(xiàn)在完成時的標志,所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。

        三、考查含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)

        含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)常表示具有特定感情色彩的被動性動作,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:情態(tài)動詞(can, may, must, should等)+ be + done,表示“能夠/可以/必須/應(yīng)該被……”。

        【真題鏈接1】(2016年賀州卷) —The traffic is too heavy. We have to drive slowly.

        —I think more new roads _____ in our city.

        A. should be built B. should built

        C. have built D. build

        【解析】選A。句意為:——交通很繁忙。我們不得不緩慢行駛。——我認為在我們城市應(yīng)該新建更多公路。主語more new roads與動詞build之間為動賓關(guān)系。情態(tài)動詞should的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是:should + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞。

        【真題鏈接2】(2016年西寧卷) —I want to borrow the book, but I dont know how long it may _____.

        —For two weeks.

        A. borrow B. be borrowed

        C. keep D. be kept

        【解析】選D。句意為:——我想借這本書,但我不知道可以借多長時間?!獌蓚€星期。主語it與動詞keep之間為動賓關(guān)系。情態(tài)動詞may的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是:may + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞。

        【真題鏈接3】(2015年孝感卷) —How often do I need to feed the dog?

        —It _____ food every day, or it will be hungry.

        A. must give B. must be give

        C. must gave D. must be given

        【解析】選D。句意為:——我需要多久喂一次這只狗?——必須每天給它喂食,否則它會餓的。答語中,主語it(the dog)和動詞give之間是動賓關(guān)系,情態(tài)動詞must 的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是:must + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞。

        四、考查被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)

        1. 某些感官動詞和系動詞后面跟形容詞時可以表示被動含義,像look,smell,taste,feel,sound等。如:

        Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy. 她的臥室看起來非常干凈、整潔。

        The mixture tastes terrible. 這種混合物嘗起來味道很差。

        2. 某些動詞的進行時可以表示被動含義,像cook,make,pack,build等。如:

        The meat is cooking. 肉正在煮著。

        3. 表示主語某種屬性(用途)的動詞,其主動形式可以表示被動含義,像sell,wash,write,wear,read等。如:

        The book sells very well. 這本書賣得很好。

        The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆很好寫。

        4. be worth后的動名詞要用主動形式表示被動意義。如:

        This book about movies is worth reading. 這本關(guān)于電影的書值得一讀。

        5. 在 need,want,require等少數(shù)表示“需要”的動詞后的動名詞,用主動形式表示被動意義。如:

        The plants want watering every day. 這些花草得天天澆水。

        Your hair requires cutting. 你的頭發(fā)需要剪了。

        6. 動詞see,make,feel,watch,hear,notice,have等在主動句中,用不定式做賓語補足語,應(yīng)省略不定式符號to;但變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r則要加上to。如:

        I heard him sing next door. 我聽見他在隔壁唱歌。

        He was heard to sing next door. 有人聽見他在隔壁唱歌。

        【真題鏈接1】(2016年濟南卷) —Do you like the songs by Taylor?

        —Yes. Country music _____ nice and full of feelings.

        A. sounds B. listens

        C. hears D. looks

        【解析】選A。句意為:——你喜歡泰勒的歌曲嗎?——是的,鄉(xiāng)村音樂聽上去優(yōu)美且富有感情。sound意為“聽起來”;listen意為“聽(強調(diào)動作)”;hear意為“聽見(強調(diào)結(jié)果)”;look意為“看起來”。根據(jù)語境,不難確定空白處應(yīng)填sounds,用主動形式表示被動含義。

        【真題鏈接2】(2016年南京卷) —Have you read the book Jane Eyre?

        —Yes. Its a famous book and really worth _____.

        A. to read B. reading

        C. to be read D. read

        【解析】選B。句意為:——你讀過《簡·愛》這本書嗎?——讀過。它是本名著,而且確實值得一看。固定句型be worth doing sth. 意為“值得做某事”,用主動形式表示被動意義。

        強化練習(xí):

        一、從A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出可以填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項。

        1. —How clean and tidy your bedroom is!

        —Thank you. It _____ every day.

        A. is cleaned B. was cleaned

        C. was cleaning D. is cleaning

        2. —Who is the little girl in the photo?

        —Its me. The picture _____ 5 years ago.

        A. took B. is taken

        C. has taken D. was taken

        3. A talk on teenage problems _____ in our school next Monday.

        A. will give B. will be given

        C. has given D. has been given

        4. —What should we do first if we want to develop our village?

        —A lot of new roads _____, I think.

        A. have to build B. must build

        C. must be built D. have been built

        5. Quite a lot of money _____ for Project Hope up to now.

        A. has been raised

        B. has donated

        C. have been raised

        D. have donated

        6. In the old days, the workers _____ in the factory from morning to night.

        A. were made work

        B. are made work

        C. are made to work

        D. were made to work

        7. In many places of China, old people _____ not only by their family but also by the local governments.

        A. are taking good care

        B. are taken good care

        C. are taking good care of

        D. are taken good care of

        8. —Excuse me. I want to buy some of Jays CDs.

        —Sorry, they are _____. But well get some more next week because they _____.

        A. sold well; are on sale

        B. selling well; sell well

        C. sold out; sell well

        D. sold out; were on sale

        9. —Will you come to the dinner party?

        —I wont come unless I _____.

        A. will be invited B. invite

        C. invited D. am invited

        10. Great changes _____ in my hometown. Many tall buildings _____.

        A. have taken place; have set up

        B. have taken place; have been set up

        C. were taken place; were set up

        D. have been taken place; have been set up

        二、根據(jù)所給漢語提示,完成下列句子。每空一詞。

        1. 這籃花將由我送到他家。

        This basket of flowers _____ _____ _____ to his house by me.

        2. 當凱特講述她的故事時,她被那些男孩嘲笑了。

        When Kate told her story, she _____ _____ _____ by the boys.

        3. 你進大門前通常要向門衛(wèi)出示你的身份證。

        Your ID card _____ usually _____ to the guard before you go into the gate.

        4. 去年母親節(jié),我給媽媽買了一個手提包。

        A handbag _____ _____ for my mother by me on Mothers Day last year.

        5. 這件襯衫可以穿很久。

        This shirt will _____ _____ _____.

        6. 孩子們需要被照顧。

        The children _____ _____ after.

        7. 在學(xué)校你必須遵守校規(guī)。

        School rules _____ _____ _____ at school.

        8. 稻谷不應(yīng)該種在山上。

        Rice _____ _____ _____ on the hill.

        9. 到目前為止,所有街道已經(jīng)被我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生清理干凈了。

        All the streets _____ _____ _____ by the students of our school so far.

        10. 這塊手表兩天后能修好。

        The watch _____ _____ _____ in two days.

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