黃艷麗++李維峰++宋啟示
摘 要 采用柱色譜技術(shù)進(jìn)行分離純化,利用薄層色譜法及波譜方法分別鑒定藥用植物美麗蛇根草Ophiorrhiza rosea Hook全草甲醇提取物正丁醇萃取部分化合物結(jié)構(gòu),研究美麗蛇根草的生物堿成分。結(jié)果表明:從美麗蛇根草中共得到4個(gè)吲哚生物堿化合物,分別鑒定為Harman(1)、Strictosidinic acid(2)、5-Carbomethoxylyaloside(3)、Lyalosidic acid(4);化合物2~4為首次從該種植物中分離得到。
關(guān)鍵詞 美麗蛇根草 ;蛇根草屬 ;生物堿 ;化學(xué)成分
中圖分類號(hào) R284.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.02.017
The Analysis of bioprotective alkaloid constituents of
n-Butyl alcohol extract of Ophiorrhiza rosea
HUANG Yanli1,2) LI Weifeng1) SONG Qishi2)
(1 College of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu'er 665000, China;
2 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China)
Abstract Whole plants of Ophiorrhiza rosea were extracted with methanol and fractionated with n-Butyl alcohol to assay their bioprotective alkaloids. The n-Butyl alcohol portion was separated and purified by column chromatography, and its compound structures were identified by using the thin layer chromatography and spectrometry, respectively. Four indole alkaloids were isolated from O. rosea and were characterized as Harman, strictosidinic acid, 5-carbomethoxylyaloside, and lyalosidic acid The compounds, strictosidinic acid and lyalosidic acid, are first reported to be isolated from O. rosea.
Keywords Ophiorrhiza rosea ; Ophiorrhiza ; alkaloid ; chemical constitunents
美麗蛇根草(Ophiorrhiza rosea Hook),茜草科蛇根草屬(Ophiorrhiza)植物,產(chǎn)于云南貢山、福貢、蒙自、屏邊、馬關(guān)和西藏墨脫等地;生于海拔1 300~2 100 m處的闊葉林下[1]。蛇根草屬植物富含生物堿類成分,特別是一些吲哚生物堿,具有抗腫瘤活性[1-5]。目前國內(nèi)外對(duì)于該屬植物研究報(bào)道不多,其開發(fā)前景廣闊。2009年,筆者從美麗蛇根草中分離鑒定到11個(gè)化合物[6],但其中只發(fā)現(xiàn)了Harman一個(gè)生物堿化合物。
為促進(jìn)美麗蛇根草的開發(fā)利用,有針對(duì)地研究其具有較強(qiáng)生物活性的生物堿成分,本次實(shí)驗(yàn)針對(duì)其全草的甲醇提取物正丁醇萃取浸膏進(jìn)行分離純化,從中得到4個(gè)吲哚類生物堿成分,分別鑒定為Harman(1)、Strictosidinic acid(2)、5-Carbomethoxylyaloside(3和Lyalosidic acid(4)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)材料
1.1.1 植物材料
實(shí)驗(yàn)樣品采自云南省貢山縣山區(qū)水溝旁,經(jīng)中國科學(xué)院西雙版納熱帶植物園宋啟示研究員鑒定,確為美麗蛇根草(Ophiorrhiza rosea Hook)。
1.1.2 儀器
硅膠(80~100目,200~300目),薄層硅膠板(50 mm×100 mm),層析用中性氧化鋁,均為青島海洋化工廠生產(chǎn);大孔樹脂DM-130,山東魯抗醫(yī)藥股份有限公司生產(chǎn);MCI凝膠,三菱化學(xué)株式公社生產(chǎn)。核磁共振儀Bruker AM-400, DRX-500(內(nèi)標(biāo)TMS)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 醇提取
美麗蛇根草全草晾干磨粉,得粗粉20 kg。90%甲醇浸漬冷提,浸提液減壓蒸干后加水制成懸浮液,依次用石油醚、氯仿、正丁醇萃取,得到4份不同極性的浸膏。取正丁醇浸膏167 g,加水和少量甲醇溶解,大孔樹脂柱層析,以甲醇-水溶劑系統(tǒng)梯度洗脫,分別收集洗脫液。合并甲醇-水4∶1洗脫液,硅膠柱層析純化,以氯仿-甲醇溶劑系統(tǒng)梯度洗脫。
1.2.2 化合物分離
合并氯仿-甲醇20∶1洗脫液,以氯仿-甲醇溶劑系統(tǒng)等剃度洗脫,經(jīng)中性氧化鋁柱層析純化,得化合物1(80 mg);合并氯仿∶甲醇 5∶1洗脫液,以氯仿-甲醇溶劑系統(tǒng)剃度洗脫后,純甲醇洗脫液經(jīng)凝膠MCI柱層析純化,以甲醇-水溶劑系統(tǒng)等剃度洗脫,得化合物2(64 mg);合并氯仿-甲醇 3∶1洗脫液,以氯仿-甲醇溶劑系統(tǒng)剃度洗脫后,收集純甲醇洗脫液經(jīng)凝膠MCI柱層析純化,以甲醇-水溶劑系統(tǒng)梯度洗脫,1∶10洗脫液中分離得到化合物3(1.7 g),1∶7洗脫液中分離得到化合物4(1.2 g)。
2 結(jié)果與分析
化合物1:無色針晶(氯仿)。與Harman標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品在多種溶劑體系作TLC對(duì)照,Rf值相同,故確定為Harman,分子式為C12H10N2。
化合物2:淡黃色無定型粉末(吡啶)。13C-NMR (500 MHz,C5H5N): 135.6 s (C-2),50.7 d (C-3),41.8 t (C-5),21.5 t (C-6),107.6 s (C-7),127.9 s (C-8),121.7 d (C-9),119.4 d (C-10),123.8 d (C-11),118.5 d (C-12),137.3 s (C-13),36.8 t (C-14),32.9 d (C-15),113.1 s (C-16),152.6 d (C-17),118.0 t (C-18),136.1 d (C-19),45.2 d (C-20),95.6 d (C-21),171.9 s (16-COOH), 100.6 d (C-1'),74.8 d (C-2'),79.1 d (C-3'),71.5 d (C-4'),78.4 d (C-5'),62.8 t (C-6')。13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的Strictosidinic acid波譜數(shù)據(jù)一致[7],故鑒定化合物2為Strictosidinic acid,確定分子式為C26H32N2O9。
化合物3:淡黃色無定型粉末(二甲基亞砜)。13C-NMR (500 MHz,DMSO):142.3 s (C-2),146.0 s (C-3),141.0 s (C-5),113.7 d (C-6),127.6 s (C-7),121.8 s (C-8),121.8 d (C-9),119.4 d (C-10),127.9 d (C-11),112.1 d (C-12),135.1 s (C-13),39.1 t (C-14),33.0 d (C-15),109.8 s (C-16),152.4 d (C-17),118.5 t (C-18),134.3 d (C-19),43.6 d (C-20),96.1 d (C-21), 167.3 s、48.8 q (16-COOCH3),170.3 s、51.2 q (5-COOCH3), 99.2 d (C-1'),73.1 d (C-2'),77.6 d (C-3'),70.2 d (C-4'),76.8 d (C-5'),61.4 t (C-6')。13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的5-Carbomethoxylyaloside波譜數(shù)據(jù)一致[8],故鑒定化合物3為5-Carbomethoxylyaloside,確定分子式為C29H32N2O11。
化合物4:淡黃色無定型粉末(二甲基亞砜)。13C-NMR (500 MHz,DMSO): 140.3 s (C-2),144.1 s (C-3),137.3 d (C-5),112.7 d (C-6),126.9 s (C-7),121.1 s (C-8),121.7 d (C-9),119.2 d (C-10),127.9 d (C-11),112.0 d (C-12),134.6 s (C-13),39.1 t(C-14),33.1 d (C-15),110.5 s (C-16),151.5 d (C-17),118.7 t (C-18),134.3 d (C-19),43.1 d (C-20),95.8 d (C-21),168.2 s (16-COOCH3),98.7 d (C-1'),73.1 d (C-2'),77.4 d (C-3'),70.1 d (C-4'),76.9 d (C-5'),61.1 t (C-6')。13C-NMR數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的Lyalosidic acid波譜數(shù)據(jù)一致[9],故鑒定化合物3為Lyalosidic acid,確定分子式為C26H28N2O9。
3 結(jié)論
本次實(shí)驗(yàn)從云南省貢山縣采集到的美麗蛇根草正丁醇萃取部分中,分離得到4個(gè)生物堿類化合物,其中Strictosidinic acid、5-Carbomethoxylyaloside、Lyalosidic acid為首次從該種植物中提取得到。這4種生物堿成分均屬于吲哚類系列生物堿,具有較強(qiáng)的抗腫瘤生物活性,可為美麗蛇根草的開發(fā)提供參考。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 中國植物志[M]. 北京: 科學(xué)出版社,1999.
[2] Kitajima M, Fujii N, Takayama H, et al. Camptothecins and two new monoterpene glucoside from Ophiorrhiza liukiuensis[J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 2005, 53 (10): 1 355-1 358.
[3] Seki H, Hashimoto A, Hino T. The 1H-and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of Harman. Reinvestigation of the assignments by one-and two-dimensional methods[J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1993, 41(6): 1 169-1 172.
[4] El-Emary N A, Backheet E Y. Three hydroxymethylanthraquinone glycosides from Rubia tinctorum[J]. Phytochemistry, 1998, 49(1): 277-279.
[5] Chan H H, Li C Y, Damu A G, et al. Anthraquinones from Ophiorrhiza hayatana OHWI[J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 2005, 53(10): 1 232-1 235.
[6] Huang Yanli, Xiang Wei X, Song Qishi. Chemical constituents of Ophior rhizarosea[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2009, 40(4): 519-521.
[7] Arbain D, Putra D P, Sargent M V. The alkaloids of Ophiorrhiza filistipula[J]. Austra. J. Chem., 1993, 46(7): 977-985.
[8] Aimi N , Kitajima M, Yokoya M, et al. Collision-Induced Dissociation Actualized the H+-Promoted Reaction as Observed in Vitro; Harman Formation from -Carboline-Type Monoterpenoid Glucoindole Alkaloids[J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 2002, 50(11): 1 528-1 529.
[9] Xiao X B, Linb Y X, Xua G B, et al. Two New Cytotoxic Alkaloids from Mappianthus iodoidesHand. -Mazz.[J]. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 2011, 94(9): 1 594-1 599.
① 收稿日期:2016-10-26;責(zé)任編輯/凌青根;編輯部E-mail: rdnk@163.com。
② 黃艷麗(1981~),女,碩士,講師,研究方向?yàn)橹参锘瘜W(xué),E-mail: 17376711@qq.com。
③ 通訊作者:宋啟示,研究員,研究方向?yàn)槊褡逅帉W(xué),E-mail: songqs@xtbg.ac.cn。