王建+劉輝+范靜平
摘 要 目的:探討高尿酸血癥對(duì)老年人聽(tīng)力的影響。方法:選擇2013年9月—2016年3月高尿酸血癥患者100例(199耳)與100例(199耳)同年齡組相對(duì)健康老年人,分為疾病組和對(duì)照組,對(duì)兩組進(jìn)行純音聽(tīng)力和高刺激率聽(tīng)覺(jué)腦干反應(yīng)(ABR)測(cè)試,并對(duì)結(jié)果統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果:疾病組純音聽(tīng)力各頻率均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01);疾病組ABR測(cè)試I、III、V波潛伏期和I–III、I–V波間期均較對(duì)照組顯著延長(zhǎng)(P<0.01),III–V波間期較對(duì)照組比較無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05),疾病組V波閾值較對(duì)照組顯著增加(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:高尿酸血癥對(duì)老年人的外周和腦干聽(tīng)覺(jué)中樞均可造成損害,使患者聽(tīng)閾增加,導(dǎo)致聽(tīng)力下降,預(yù)防和治療高尿酸血癥是防止和延緩老年性耳聾的重要措施之一。
關(guān)鍵詞 高尿酸血癥;純音聽(tīng)力測(cè)試;聽(tīng)覺(jué)腦干反應(yīng);老年性耳聾
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):R764.4/R598.7 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-1533(2017)04-0054-03
Correlation analysis between hearing and hyperuricemia in the elderly people
WANG Jian1, LIU Hui2, FAN Jingping3(1.Wujiaochang Community Health Service Center of Yangpu District, Shanghai 200434, China; 2. Daqiao Community Health Service Center of Yangpu District, Shanghai 200090, China; 3. Changzheng Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Second Military Medical University,
Shanghai 200003, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of hyperuricemia on the hearing in the elderly people. Methods: From
September 2013 to March 2016 100 cases of hyperuricemia(199 ears)and 100 cases(199 ears)with the same age group and relatively healthy elderly people were selected as a disease group and a control group, their pure tone audiometry and high rate stimulation of auditory brainstem response(ABR)were tested and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: The frequencies of the hearing disease group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.01). The latency of I, III and V waves and I-III and I-V wave intervals tested with ABR in the hearing disease group were significantly prolonged compared with those in the control group(P<0.01). III-V wave interval compared with the control group showed no significant difference(P>0.05) and compared with the control group, the V wave threshold of the disease group was significantly increased(P<0.05). Conclusion: Hyperuricemia can cause damage to the peripheral and brainstem auditory center of the elderly people so as to increase their hearing threshold and result in hearing loss. Therefore, prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia is one of the important measures to prevent and delay the presbycusis.
KEY WORDS hyperuricemia; pure tone audiometry; auditory brainstem response; presbycusis
隨著我國(guó)老齡化的加速,老年人聽(tīng)力健康越來(lái)越受到社會(huì)各界的關(guān)注。目前全世界老年性耳聾患者超過(guò)3億,而到2050年,這個(gè)數(shù)字將達(dá)到9億[1]。老年性耳聾作為常見(jiàn)病、多發(fā)病,會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響其生活質(zhì)量,導(dǎo)致與人溝通障礙,而且老年性耳聾是老年性癡呆的誘因之一,還會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)等多個(gè)方面造成制約作用,但目前對(duì)老年性耳聾的發(fā)病機(jī)制并不十分清楚。迄今為止,有關(guān)老年性耳聾環(huán)境危險(xiǎn)因素的研究相對(duì)比較多,包括:環(huán)境噪音[2]、2型糖尿病[3]、高脂血癥[4]、高血壓病[5]、心血管疾病[6]等等,代謝性改變被認(rèn)為是老年性耳聾的最主要致病因素[7],而高尿酸血癥是否與老年性耳聾相關(guān),在國(guó)內(nèi)外尚未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。為探討高尿酸血癥對(duì)老年人聽(tīng)力的影響,對(duì)60歲以上高尿酸血癥老年人的聽(tīng)覺(jué)功能進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,并與同年齡組健康老年人進(jìn)行了對(duì)照,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
在2013年9月—2016年3月上海市楊浦區(qū)五角場(chǎng)街道居民中收集,找出患高尿酸血癥的居民作為疾病組100例(199耳),60~85歲,平均(72.64±6.93)歲,男41例,女59例。無(wú)高尿酸血癥的居民作為對(duì)照組100例(199耳),60~85歲,平均(71.05±6.75)歲,男39例,女61例。兩組研究對(duì)象在性別、年齡方面具有可比性。
1.2 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
兩組均排除有高血壓病史、糖尿病史、高脂血癥病史,高血壓病標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按2003年WHO/ISH高血壓處理指南;糖尿病按世界衛(wèi)生組織糖尿病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);高脂血癥:甘油三酯濃度>1.70 mmol/L,總膽固醇濃度>5.72 mmol/ L,低密度脂蛋白濃度>3.12 mmol/L,高密度脂蛋白濃度<0.91 mmol/L;高尿酸血癥的標(biāo)準(zhǔn):尿酸濃度水平男性>420 μmol/L,尿酸濃度水平女性>360 μmol/L。兩組各有一人一耳有中耳疾病史(此耳測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)不采用),其余排除顱腦外傷、中耳疾病、耳毒性藥物中毒及噪聲接觸史、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病、精神疾病、肝腎功能不全患者[8]。
1.3 測(cè)試方法
兩組均采用在隔音屏蔽室內(nèi)用丹麥Xeta型聽(tīng)力計(jì)和Chartr EP型電生理儀分別測(cè)試純音聽(tīng)力和聽(tīng)覺(jué)腦干反應(yīng)(ABR),ABR測(cè)試應(yīng)用銀質(zhì)盒狀電極,記錄參考和接地電極分別置于顱頂正中、受試者的兩側(cè)乳突和顱前額正中,皮膚阻抗<5 K?,給予疏密交替Click短聲刺激,刺激強(qiáng)度均為85 dBnHL,對(duì)側(cè)耳白噪聲掩蓋,刺激強(qiáng)度為40 dBnHL。重復(fù)率40次/s,平均疊加1 000次,分析時(shí)間10 ms,帶通濾波100~2 000 Hz。左右耳依次檢測(cè),每側(cè)至少檢測(cè)2次,以保證其重復(fù)性。記錄I波、III波、V波潛伏期(PL),以及I?III、III?V、I?V波間期(IPL)、V波閾值。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
2 結(jié)果
2.1 純音聽(tīng)力測(cè)試
表1示疾病組和對(duì)照組純音聽(tīng)力均隨頻率增加逐漸提高,兩組比較各頻率聽(tīng)力疾病組均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01)。
2.2 ABR測(cè)試
表2示疾病組Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潛伏期和Ⅰ~Ⅲ、Ⅰ~Ⅴ波間期均較對(duì)照組顯著延長(zhǎng)(P<0.01),Ⅲ~Ⅴ波間期較對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。疾病組與對(duì)照組ABR波Ⅴ波閾值(dBnHL)比較,疾病組44.84±10.87,對(duì)照組42.36±9.80,疾病組Ⅴ波閾值較對(duì)照組顯著增加(P<0.05)。
3 討論
老年性耳聾發(fā)病年齡和進(jìn)展速度與人的體質(zhì)健康、個(gè)人預(yù)防和所處環(huán)境密切相關(guān)。老年性耳聾較為復(fù)雜,是環(huán)境因素及遺傳因素共同作用的結(jié)果。目前已明確2型糖尿病、高血壓病、高脂血癥都對(duì)老年性耳聾有影響,而高尿酸血癥是否與老年性耳聾相關(guān),在國(guó)內(nèi)外尚未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。根據(jù)近年各地高尿酸血癥患病率的報(bào)道,目前我國(guó)約有高尿酸血癥者1.2億,約占總?cè)丝诘?0%[9]。尿酸是人類(lèi)嘌呤化合物的終末代謝產(chǎn)物,嘌呤代謝紊亂導(dǎo)致高尿酸血癥,血清尿酸水平升高也是代謝異常的表現(xiàn)。近年很多研究結(jié)果顯示:血清尿酸濃度的升高與氧化應(yīng)激、內(nèi)皮功能障礙、血管平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖等有密切聯(lián)系,高尿酸血癥是心血管事件的一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[10-12],也是腦血管病重要的相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素,血尿酸水平可以作為腦血管病的客觀觀測(cè)指標(biāo)[13]。所以本研究隨機(jī)抽取同年齡范圍的100例高尿酸血癥病人和100例相對(duì)健康老年人進(jìn)行聽(tīng)覺(jué)主客觀測(cè)試。
研究結(jié)果顯示,純音聽(tīng)力高尿酸血癥組各頻率均顯著高于對(duì)照組,說(shuō)明高尿酸血癥病人的主觀純音聽(tīng)力明顯下降。ABR客觀反映外周聽(tīng)覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路及腦干的功能,不受人為等因素影響,有很強(qiáng)的可靠性和較高的準(zhǔn)確性。通常I、III、V波各來(lái)源于聽(tīng)神經(jīng)耳蝸,橋腦、中腦的電反應(yīng),波間期反映各神經(jīng)核團(tuán)之間的傳導(dǎo)時(shí)值,是鑒別耳蝸和蝸后病變較敏感的方法,I?V IPL延長(zhǎng)提示蝸后病變,進(jìn)一步分析I?III或III?V IPL,I?III IPL延長(zhǎng)提示病變可能累及同側(cè)聽(tīng)神經(jīng)至腦干段;III?V IPL延長(zhǎng)提示病損可能影響到腦干內(nèi)的聽(tīng)覺(jué)傳遞通路,V波是ABR各波中最后消失的波,故V波閾值可用于客觀估測(cè)聽(tīng)閾。本研究顯示,ABR測(cè)試高尿酸血癥I、III、V波潛伏期和I?III、I?V波間期均較對(duì)照組顯著延長(zhǎng),III?V波間期較對(duì)照組比較無(wú)顯著差異,高尿酸血癥V波閾值較對(duì)照組顯著增加。說(shuō)明高尿酸血癥對(duì)老年人的外周和腦干聽(tīng)覺(jué)中樞均可造成損害,使患者聽(tīng)閾增加,導(dǎo)致聽(tīng)力下降,但對(duì)腦干內(nèi)的聽(tīng)覺(jué)傳遞通路的損害不明顯。這一結(jié)果表明,高尿酸血癥是導(dǎo)致耳聾的病因之一,也是加速加重老年性耳聾的重要因素。在聽(tīng)覺(jué)器官隨年齡增加而發(fā)生的生理性老化基礎(chǔ)上,高尿酸血癥的存在加重了老年人聽(tīng)覺(jué)器官老化的程度。因此,預(yù)防和治療高尿酸血癥可作為預(yù)防、延緩和治療老年性耳聾的重要措施之一。
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