Establishing Cultural Self-confidence, Building“the Science of Cultural Soft Power”

Abstract：In order to demonstrate the putrescence of the absolute spirit and its influences on the German intellectuals，Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote the German Ideology and devote 70%of the book to the critique on Max Stirner and his work The Ego and His Own.Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels make their critique on The Ego and His Own sentence by sentence according to the contents and logic of this work,which drives them into tentatively account the theory of the Materialist Conception of History.Therefore，it is necessary to reinvestigate the thoughts of Max Stirner and the critiques by Karl Marx for us to make an intensive study of the end of German Classical Philosophy and the Young Hegelians，as well as the German Ideology itself.

Key words：the Ego and His Own;the Ego;Stirner;Egoism;the German Ideology

Li Gengxiang（1）

Abstract:In the new international cultural environment,“soft power”and“cultural soft power”represent different cultural strategies between China and the United States.China must attach great importance to the promotion of cultural soft power so as to establish a culture of self-confidence,solve the problem of“being scolded”and improve the international discourse power.Strategically,in order to promote the cultural soft power of our country,we should actively highlight the value-driven strategy, vigorously promote the strategy of cultural system reform,and elaborately build cultural brand strategy, attach importance to strengthening the“composition of force”;from the view of specific tactics,we should raise the awareness of further promoting the importance of cultural soft power,put more effort into building“the science of cultural soft power,”and strive to improve China’s international discourse power.

Soft Power;Cultural Soft Power;the Science of Cultural Soft Power

A Study of Influence Factors on the Promotion Appraisal of China’s Party and Government Leading Cadres——A Literature Review

Wang Jiaqi,Yuan Qian（57）

Abstract:The issue of promotion appraisal of China’s party and government leading cadres is one of the important subjects by attention of academe for a long time.This thesis reviews the existing representative literatures domestic and overseas and finds the following key points.Overseas scholars study the promotion appraisal process of China’s party and government leading cadres more from the perspective of elite politics and bureaucracy theory,and pay attention to the tendency of institutionalization and regularization of the process increasingly.Domestic scholars recent concerns can be roughly divided into three categories:one is the macro research on institutional change or standard evolution of the promotion appraisal.The second is the“promotion tournament”mode which based on the research ofthe relationship between factors such as economic growth and the leading cadres promotion appraisal.The third is micro considerations based on the factors such as individual quality and relationship.However,it needs to be further deepening and refining in the aspects of how to classify all kinds of influence factors reasonably and study the relationships among the factors on the basis.

Key words:Party and Government Leading Cadres;Promotion Appraisal;Official Promotion;Influence Factors

On Cooperative Government：A New Theory of Government Reforms

Li Wenzhao（65）

Abstract:On the Pastthirty years,the core idea guiding the public sectorreformswasthe competitive government paradigm,which focused on the structural devolution,single purpose functions, government competitive and performance-focus.These reforms practices improve the government efficiency, respond the citizens’needs and promote the economic developments.Yet the competitive government also produced some negative feedbacks,which include the slow down of control and coordinate abilities of central governments and administrative organizations,repeated constructions and low-level provision of public goods.In the new era and society,we need a new science of government.In fact,the countries around the world proposed some new ideasand modelsofcorrecting the problemsproduced by competitive government.Among them,the whole-of-government approach and collaborative approach are the most important ones.In this article we try to propose a more general framework for integrating different theoretical approaches.We argue that the cooperative government paradigm could substitute the competitive government paradigm.From the perspective of cooperative government,we can distinguish four different dimensionsofcooperativegovernmentaccordingthe twodimensions,namelytheinside and outside dimension,the organizationaland inter-organizationaldimension.So we can find the fourtypesof cooperative government,which include co-production,cooperative organizations,the Whole-of-Governments,and collaborative governance.Co-production focused on the cooperative relationship between government and citizens.Cooperative organizations emphasized on the intra-organizational cooperation.Whole-of-Governm ents addressed with the inter-governmental cooperation. Collaborative governance adhered to the cooperation among the government agencies and outside organizational actors.An image of Cooperative Government comes into being.We should pay attention to the possible transition in the government reforms.

Key words:Cooperative Government;Co-Production;Cooperative Organizations;the Whole-of-Government;Collaborative Governance

The Combination of Tort Liability of Defective Food Marketing Participants

Yang Lixin（80）

Abstract:In order to protect consumers better and ensure food safety,the newly revised Food Safety Law has provised lots of rules about combination of tort liability of defective food marketing participants. Defective food marketing participants are operators or non-operators who provide marketing support for the production and operation of defective food,and promote food producers and operators to reach deals with consumers in defective food production and marketing.The combination of tort liability of defective food marketing participants is a form of liability of majority infringement of defective food damage liability,in which more infringers’different or same tort liability for the damage caused by same defective food overlap under the circumtances that,in addition to the original provision of a tort liability form,the law provides that marketing participants bear the same or other forms of tort liability.In the provisions of Food Safety Law about the combination of tort liability of defective food,the main forms of combination are heterogeneous combination and homogeneous but different-in-form combination.

Key words:Food safety Law;Defective Food;Marketing Participants;Food Producers and Operators; Combination of Tort Liability

Research on Tan Sitong’s Guoxue Thought——Under the View of Character

Wei Yixia（101）

Abstract:Although“the Benevolence”and even“the Tan Sitong Complete Works”have limited number of words,the characters mentioned,involved in the book are extremely numerous.Generally speaking,Tan Sitong’s attention and interpretation to the middle school figures can be summarized into two aspects:one is the positive and respected,and the other is the negative,attacked and rejected.Tan Sitong’s explanation and evaluation of middle school characters not only show his source of theory,but also show his attitude towards different people,which constitute Tan Sitong’s viewpoints of different schools of thought and also become a part of his study.In view of this,the study of Tan Sitong’s attitudes on middle school figures and his thoughts not only helps to understand his view of Guoxue,but also helps to appraise Tan Sitong’s attitudes towards traditional culture objectively.

Key words:Tan Sitong;Traditional Chinese Characters;Traditional Sinology Research;Traditional Chinese View

Critical Sight on the Ego’s Ancestry:Based on Text of the German Ideology

Zhu Yiyi（109）