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        中考數(shù)詞熱門考點(diǎn)透視

        2017-01-05 12:39:18李建高
        試題與研究·中考英語 2016年3期
        關(guān)鍵詞:基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞逗號

        李建高

        一、考查基數(shù)詞的用法

        【真題】(2016年濟(jì)南卷) —How many hours do you sleep every night?

        —About ____ hours. From 9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.

        A. nine B. nineteen

        C. ninth D. ninety

        【答案】A

        【解析】句意為:——你每晚睡幾個小時?——大約9個小時。從晚上9點(diǎn)到早上6點(diǎn)?;鶖?shù)詞用于表示事物的數(shù)量。由From 9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.不難推算出睡眠時間為“9個小時”,空白處應(yīng)填基數(shù)詞nine。

        【溫馨提示】基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成:

        (1)0~12為基本單詞;13~19為對應(yīng)的個位數(shù)單詞或變形后加-teen,如:16→sixteen。整十的基數(shù)詞(10除外)為其對應(yīng)個位數(shù)單詞或變形后加-ty,如:80→eighty。

        (2)兩位數(shù)基數(shù)詞的十位與個位數(shù)之間用連字符“-”連接,如:57→fifty-seven。

        (3)三位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞須在百位和十位(若無十位則和個位)之間用and連接,如:365→three hundred and sixty-five。

        (4)1000以上的基數(shù)詞從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起,每三位數(shù)后面加一個逗號。第一個逗號前的數(shù)為thousand,第二個逗號前的數(shù)為million,第三個逗號前的數(shù)為billion。兩個逗號之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)。如:2,383,820,966→two billion three hundred and eighty-three million eight hundred and twenty thousand nine hundred and sixty-six。

        二、考查序數(shù)詞的用法

        【真題1】(2016年武威卷) July 1st of this year is the ____ birthday of the CPC (中國共產(chǎn)黨).

        A. ninety-five B. ninetieth-fifth

        C. ninetieth-five D. ninety-fifth

        【答案】D

        【解析】句意為:今年的7月1日是中國共產(chǎn)黨第95個生日?!暗?5個”用序數(shù)詞ninety-fifth表示,并且序數(shù)詞前面要加定冠詞the,表示順序。

        【溫馨提示】序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成:

        (1) 除“第一”“第二”“第三”外,其他序數(shù)詞都是在基數(shù)詞后面加-th構(gòu)成,其中有些詞在拼寫上有細(xì)微的變化。如:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth等。

        (2) 兩位數(shù)的詞,只需把個位數(shù)變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。如:第二十二→twenty-second。

        (3) 三位以上的詞,只需要把最后的兩位數(shù)變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。如:第九百九十九→nine hundred and ninety-ninth。

        另外,序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示,如:“第一”“第二”“第三”的縮寫形式分別是1st, 2nd, 3rd;其他序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式是在阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后面加-th。

        【真題2】(2016年瀘州卷) On her ____ birthday, she got an iPad as a gift from her father.

        A. twelve B. twelfth

        C. the twelve D. the twelfth

        【答案】B

        【解析】句意為:在她12歲生日時,她從父親那里得到一部iPad?!暗?2個生日”用序數(shù)詞twelfth表示,當(dāng)名詞前有限定詞(如形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格等)修飾時,就不再用定冠詞the。

        【真題3】(2016年隨州卷) —If your parents wanted to have a ____ child, would you agree?

        —Of course. But they should make it in ____ years time.

        A. second; second B. two; two

        C. second; two D. two; second

        【答案】C

        【解析】句意為:——如果你的父母想再要一個孩子,你會同意嗎?——當(dāng)然。但他們應(yīng)該在兩年之后再要。當(dāng)序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞a或an時,意為“又一,再一”。

        三、考查hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of等的用法

        【真題1】(2016年淮安卷) More than two ____ trees are planted in our neighborhood every year.

        A. hundred B. hundreds

        C. hundreds of D. hundred of

        【答案】A

        【解析】句意為:每年在我們的街區(qū)栽種200多棵樹。當(dāng)hundred, thousand, million, billion等詞前面有基數(shù)詞修飾時,要用單數(shù)形式。本題中hundred前面有基數(shù)詞two修飾,所以用單數(shù)形式,并且其后不接of。

        【真題2】(2016年安順卷) Unluckily, ____ people were killed in the earthquake.

        A. two thousands B. thousand of

        C. two thousands of D. thousands of

        【答案】D

        【解析】句意為:不幸的是,成千上萬的人在這次地震中喪生。hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of意為“數(shù)百/千/百萬/十億的”,前面不用基數(shù)詞,但可用many, several等詞修飾。本題中thousands of意為“成千上萬的”。

        四、考查“基數(shù)詞+名詞(+形容詞)”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞

        【真題1】(2015年孝感卷) Last year, three hundred English teachers took part in the ____ English Training.

        A. two-month B. two-months

        C. two months D. two month

        【答案】A

        【解析】句意為:去年,300名英語老師參加了為期兩個月的英語培訓(xùn)。在“數(shù)詞+名詞(+形容詞)”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞中,詞與詞之間要用連字符“-”連接,并且名詞要用單數(shù)形式。“兩個月的”是復(fù)合形容詞,表示為“two-month”。

        【真題2】(2016年連云港卷) —Yan Jiashuo, a ____ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory.

        —Wow, shes great, isnt she?

        A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old

        C. ten year old D. ten years old

        【答案】A

        【解析】句意為:——閆家碩,一個10歲的女孩,已經(jīng)獲得國際記憶大師獎?!?,她真了不起,不是嗎?“10歲的”是復(fù)合形容詞,表示為“ten-year-old”。

        五、考查分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)

        【真題1】(2016年蘭州卷) ____ of the students in Class 6 have lunch at school.

        A. Two fifth B. One thirds

        C. Three fifth D. Three quarters

        【答案】D

        【解析】句意為:在六班有四分之三的學(xué)生在學(xué)校吃午飯?!八姆种笨捎谩皌hree quarters”表示。

        【溫馨提示】分?jǐn)?shù)的構(gòu)成:

        表示“幾分之幾”,英語中常用基數(shù)詞做分子,序數(shù)詞做分母。當(dāng)分子是1時,分母用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)分子大于1時,分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。另外,表達(dá)“二分之一”,可用one half或a half。表達(dá)“四分之幾”,可用“基數(shù)詞+ quarter(s)”。

        【真題2】(2016年龍東卷) About ____ of the land ____ covered with trees and grass.

        A. three fifths; is B. three fifths; are

        C. three fifth; are

        【答案】A

        【解析】句意為:大約五分之三的土地被樹木和草地覆蓋。“五分之三”表示為“three fifths”;本題中的land為不可數(shù)名詞,所以謂語動詞用is。

        六、考查年齡的表達(dá)

        【真題】(2015年蘇州卷) Tonys mum looks young and beautiful. Its hard to imagine she is already in her ____.

        A. fifties B. fifty

        C. fiftieths D. fiftieth

        【答案】A

        【解析】句意為:托尼的媽媽看起來既年輕又漂亮。很難想象她已經(jīng)50多歲了?!霸谒?0多歲時”應(yīng)表示為“in her fifties”。

        【溫馨提示】“in ones + 逢十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)”,表示“某人幾十歲”。

        七、考查編號的表達(dá)

        【真題】(2016年廣東卷) Please turn to page ____ and take a look at the picture on it.

        A. the eightieth B. eightieth

        C. eighties D. eighty

        【答案】D

        【解析】句意為:請翻到第80頁,看上面的這幅圖?!暗?0頁”可表示為“page eighty / the eightieth page”。

        八、考查日期和年代的表達(dá)

        【真題】(2015年邵陽卷) —Whats the date today?

        —Its June ____, 2015.

        A. seventeen B. the seventeen

        C. the seventeenth

        【答案】C

        【解析】句意為:——今天幾號?——2015年6月17日。“2015年6月17日”應(yīng)表達(dá)為“Its June the seventeenth, 2015”。

        【溫馨提示】日期的構(gòu)成:

        英語中,年、月、日的表達(dá)一般是“年在后,月、日在前”,書寫時“日期”用基數(shù)詞或序數(shù)詞皆可。另外,“in the + 年份的復(fù)數(shù)”表示“……年代”;“in the + 序數(shù)詞 + century”表示“在……世紀(jì)”。如:

        The play tells us stories in the 1960s. 這部劇講述了發(fā)生在20世紀(jì)60年代的故事。

        Do you know who is the greatest scientist in the twentieth century? 你知道誰是20世紀(jì)最偉大的科學(xué)家嗎?

        強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練:

        從A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

        1. Susans new apartment is on ____ floor. Lets go upstairs to have a look.

        A. two B. second

        C. the two D. the second

        2. Eric loves reading. He has read ____ famous books this month.

        A. two B. second

        C. twice D. the second

        3. —Our city is going to hold the ____ Culture Festival.

        —I see. And our school will take part in ____ activities.

        A. tenth; tenth B. tenth; ten

        C. ten; tenth D. ten; ten

        4. Last year, Jimmy had his ____ vacation in Sanya.

        A. ten day B. ten days

        C. ten-day D. ten-days

        5. Though Maggie is young, she has already read ____ books.

        A. two hundreds B. hundred of

        C. hundreds of D. hundreds

        6. When he was ____, he wrote the novel.

        A. on fifties B. on his fifties

        C. in fifties D. in his fifties

        7. As we all know, ____ of the earth ____ made up of oceans.

        A. two third; is B. two thirds; is

        C. two third; are D. two thirds; are

        8. In order to finish the task, weve tried three times, and after dinner well try ____ time.

        A. the four B. four

        C. fourth D. a fourth

        9. —Were Ann and Lily born in the ____?

        —Yes, both of them were born in ____.

        A. 1999; 1990s B. 1999; 1999

        C. 1990s; 1999 D. 1990s; 1990s

        10. —Has Miss Zhao been back?

        —Not yet. She will come back ____ the evening of August ____.

        A. on; the twelfth B. on; the twelve

        C. in; the twelve D. in; twelfth

        11. Toby got many presents on his ____ birthday.

        A. twelve B. the twelve

        C. twelfth D. the twelfth

        12. In our classroom, ____ of the students come from the countryside.

        A. one four B. one fourth

        C. first four D. first fourth

        13. Football is so exciting that ____ people in the world play the game.

        A. million of B. millions of

        C. two million of D. two millions

        14. The world population was over six ____ by the end of the 20th century.

        A. billion B. billions

        C. billion of D. billions of

        15. The correct pronunciation of “2016年12月23日” is ____.

        A. December the twenty-third, two thousand and sixteen

        B. December twenty-third, twenty and sixteen

        C. December twenty-three, twenty and sixteen

        D. December the twenty-three, twenty and sixteen

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