崔智淼 駱成玉 李 鑫 林 華 丁 毅 劉寶胤
(首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬復(fù)興醫(yī)院乳腺微創(chuàng)中心,北京 100038)
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·臨床論著·
超聲引導(dǎo)下真空輔助微創(chuàng)旋切系統(tǒng)治療導(dǎo)管內(nèi)乳頭狀瘤的臨床研究
崔智淼 駱成玉**李 鑫 林 華 丁 毅 劉寶胤
(首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬復(fù)興醫(yī)院乳腺微創(chuàng)中心,北京 100038)
目的 探討超聲引導(dǎo)下真空輔助微創(chuàng)旋切系統(tǒng)治療導(dǎo)管內(nèi)乳頭狀瘤的安全性和可行性。 方法 2012年12月~2015年4月我院收治導(dǎo)管內(nèi)乳頭狀瘤66例,按照患者意愿分別行超聲引導(dǎo)下真空輔助微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)(觀察組,33例)與傳統(tǒng)開放性手術(shù)(對照組,33例),比較2組手術(shù)時間、術(shù)中出血量、乳腺引流量、引流時間、術(shù)后瘢痕長度和術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。 結(jié)果 66例均順利完成乳腺腫瘤切除術(shù)。與對照組相比,觀察組術(shù)后瘢痕長度明顯短[(0.7±0.2)cm vs.(3.0±0.6)cm,t=-20.891,P=0.000]。2組手術(shù)時間[(32.4±4.2)min vs.(30.3±6.5)min,t=1.559,P=0.124]、術(shù)中出血量[(25.3±3.1)ml vs.(26.8±4.3)ml,t=-1.626,P=0.109]、乳腺引流量[(24.9±3.4)ml vs.(26.2±4.4)ml,t=-1.343,P=0.184]、乳腺引流時間[(2.7±0.5)d vs.(2.8±0.5)d,t=-0.812,P=0.420]、術(shù)后瘀斑發(fā)生率[6.1%(2/33)vs. 12.1%(4/33),χ2=0.183,P=0.669]、術(shù)后血腫發(fā)生率[12.1%(4/33)vs. 6.1%(2/33),χ2=0.183,P=0.669]、術(shù)后感染發(fā)生率[3.0%(1/33)vs. 12.1%(4/33),χ2=0.866,P=0.352]和術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率[6.1%(2/33)vs. 15.2%(5/33),χ2=0.639,P=0.424]差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。 結(jié)論 超聲引導(dǎo)下真空輔助微創(chuàng)旋切系統(tǒng)治療導(dǎo)管內(nèi)乳頭狀瘤安全、可行,具有明顯的美觀效果。
導(dǎo)管內(nèi)乳頭狀瘤; 超聲引導(dǎo); 真空輔助旋切系統(tǒng)
導(dǎo)管內(nèi)乳頭狀瘤(intraductal papilloma,IP)是女性常見的良性腫瘤,常以乳頭溢液或溢血、可觸及的腫塊為首發(fā)癥狀,有一定的癌變率[1]。單發(fā)IP多靠近乳頭,并且多見于絕經(jīng)前婦女,多發(fā)IP多見于乳房周邊[2,3]。手術(shù)切除是主要治療方法,開放性手術(shù)切除IP時會對乳頭乳暈復(fù)合體造成一定的損傷。2012年12月~2015年4月我院收治IP 66例,按照患者意愿分別行超聲引導(dǎo)下真空輔助微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)(觀察組,33例)和傳統(tǒng)開放性手術(shù)(對照組,33例),對2組手術(shù)時間、術(shù)中出血量、乳腺引流量、引流時間、術(shù)后瘢痕長度、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率進(jìn)行對比分析,旨在探討超聲引導(dǎo)下真空輔助微創(chuàng)旋切系統(tǒng)治療IP的有效性和安全性。
1.1 一般資料
66例均為女性,年齡29~47歲,(41.5±4.0)歲。以乳頭溢血為首發(fā)癥狀12例,乳頭溢液為首發(fā)癥狀12例,均行乳管鏡檢查并做活檢,病理提示為IP,超聲探查到腫物;以可觸及腫塊為首發(fā)癥狀42例。均為單發(fā),右側(cè)18例,左側(cè)48例;位于外上象限12例,外下象限30例,內(nèi)上象限18例,內(nèi)下象限6例。術(shù)前B超檢查腫物直徑1~2 cm,(1.52±0.50)cm。按照患者意愿分為2組:觀察組33例,對照組33例。2組患者年齡、腫瘤直徑、腫瘤部位比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。
病例選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①術(shù)前經(jīng)超聲引導(dǎo)下空心針穿刺活檢診斷為IP;②腫瘤邊緣距乳暈邊緣>1 cm;③腫瘤直徑<3 cm。
表1 2組患者一般資料比較
1.2 方法
觀察組:采用美國巴德公司乳腺真空旋切系統(tǒng)(Encor)。術(shù)前再次用彩色超聲全面探查雙側(cè)乳腺,以核實病灶的部位、大小、數(shù)目(圖1)。仰臥位。采用“十字法”體表皮膚定位,對于單發(fā)可觸及腫塊采用1%利多卡因局部浸潤麻醉,腫塊較多及局部麻醉注射藥物影響腫塊顯像時,采用靜脈復(fù)合麻醉。沿乳暈以尖刀片做0.3~0.5 cm小切口,在超聲引導(dǎo)下置入7G旋切針,將刀槽置于病灶正下方,沿扇形方向旋切,直至超聲下完全切除病灶(圖2)。標(biāo)本標(biāo)記后送快速冰凍病理檢查,吸凈術(shù)腔內(nèi)積血,適當(dāng)壓迫術(shù)區(qū)。多發(fā)病灶患者同法切除其他病變。術(shù)后放置負(fù)壓引流管,根據(jù)引流液情況(每日引流量<10 ml)拔除引流管,彈力繃帶加壓包扎72 h。
對照組:傳統(tǒng)開放手術(shù)方式切除腫物,術(shù)后放置負(fù)壓引流管并彈力繃帶加壓包扎72 h。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
①手術(shù)時間:切開皮膚至縫合完畢的時間;②術(shù)中出血量:負(fù)壓吸引和紗布擦拭出血,術(shù)者根據(jù)上述兩項累計估算;③乳腺引流量:引流到負(fù)壓瓶中的液體量;④引流時間:從術(shù)后放置負(fù)壓引流管開始至拔除引流管時間;⑤瘢痕長度:術(shù)后1個月以鋼尺測量;⑥術(shù)后并發(fā)癥:術(shù)后發(fā)生瘀斑、血腫、感染等情況。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理
66例均順利完成乳腺腫瘤切除術(shù)。12例乳頭溢血為首發(fā)癥狀者術(shù)后均無溢血,12例乳頭溢液為首發(fā)癥狀者術(shù)后均無溢液。2組手術(shù)時間、術(shù)中出血量、乳腺引流量及引流時間差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組術(shù)后瘢痕長度明顯短于對照組(P<0.05),見表2。術(shù)后病理:中央型IP狀瘤38例,周圍型IP 28例。66例隨訪12~40個月,中位時間24個月,2組瘀斑、血腫、感染發(fā)生率及復(fù)發(fā)率比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表2。
圖1 術(shù)前超聲定位腫物位置及大小 圖2 超聲引導(dǎo)下腫物切除
表2 2組術(shù)中、術(shù)后情況比較
乳腺乳頭狀病變包括IP、乳頭狀瘤伴非典型增生、導(dǎo)管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ, DCIS)和乳頭狀癌[4,5]。IP為良性病變,可分為中央型和周圍型,周圍型癌變率較高[6],目前認(rèn)為IP伴非典型增生需要手術(shù)切除防止惡變[7~9],但是對于細(xì)針穿刺活檢病理診斷為良性IP是否手術(shù)切除存在一定的爭議。Laval等[10]對259例經(jīng)細(xì)針穿刺活檢病理診斷為IP與手術(shù)切除后病理檢查對比,細(xì)針穿刺活檢的假陰性率較高,并且假陰性主要集中在手術(shù)切除后病理診斷為IP伴非典型增生及DCIS。Tatarian等[11]對117例經(jīng)穿刺活檢診斷為不伴非典型增生的良性IP進(jìn)行研究,21%的病變周圍存在非典型增生,并且癌變率較高。細(xì)針穿刺活檢對IP管理的主要目的為減少組織損傷及獲得美觀的優(yōu)勢,但假陰性率較高,因此,需要手術(shù)切除治療IP[10,12,13]。超聲引導(dǎo)下真空輔助旋切系統(tǒng)既可對乳腺腫物進(jìn)行活檢也可對其進(jìn)行切除,術(shù)后瘢痕長度僅為0.5 cm左右。傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)切除腫瘤對乳腺組織會造成更大的創(chuàng)傷,也會留下更大的瘢痕,嚴(yán)重影響患者的生活質(zhì)量。Wei等[14]對6例無乳頭溢液的乳腺囊實性病變采用超聲引導(dǎo)下真空輔助微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù),術(shù)后病理為IP,平均隨訪7個月,均被切除且無血腫發(fā)生。Youk等[15]對67例細(xì)針穿刺活檢病理診斷為IP后經(jīng)超聲引導(dǎo)下真空輔助微創(chuàng)旋切切除,63例為良性IP,3例為IP伴非典型增生,1例為DCIS,并對63例良性IP隨訪2年,90.3%的患者無復(fù)發(fā)及殘留病變。
我們將超聲引導(dǎo)下真空輔助微創(chuàng)旋切系統(tǒng)治療IP與傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)方式進(jìn)行對比,結(jié)果表明2組手術(shù)時間、術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥及復(fù)發(fā)率方面無明顯差異(P>0.05),但是觀察組術(shù)后瘢痕明顯縮短。傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)需要一定的視野暴露來進(jìn)行腫物切除,而觀察組是在超聲引導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行手術(shù),術(shù)中定位精準(zhǔn)、切除準(zhǔn)確,避免切除過多腺體組織造成乳房外形的改變,且精準(zhǔn)切除病灶,術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率更低。超聲引導(dǎo)下真空輔助微創(chuàng)旋切在對乳腺組織切除過程中不能進(jìn)行精確止血,因此,術(shù)后可能容易發(fā)生血腫,但2組血腫發(fā)生率差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=0.183,P=0.669)。術(shù)后乳腺組織加壓包扎不完善可引起局部組織出血形成瘀斑,因此,術(shù)后局部彈力繃帶加壓包扎可較好防止瘀斑形成。術(shù)后感染觀察組1例,對照組4例,術(shù)后感染與手術(shù)切口大、細(xì)菌入侵有關(guān),術(shù)后更需要關(guān)注感染情況。IP病變范圍局限,但整個導(dǎo)管組織內(nèi)均可浸潤,觀察組切除范圍更精準(zhǔn),但2組術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)率無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(χ2=0.639,P=0.424),可能與病例數(shù)較少有關(guān)。乳暈區(qū)為天然的色素沉著區(qū),丁小紅等[16]對393例乳腺良性病變采用真空輔助微創(chuàng)旋切技術(shù)進(jìn)行切除,并且對腋中線切口、腋下皮紋線切口、乳暈切口和病灶附近乳房表面皮膚切口進(jìn)行對比后顯示,乳暈區(qū)切口術(shù)后瘢痕不明顯,具有很好的美觀效果,我們手術(shù)切口選在此處,不僅在術(shù)后對瘢痕具有很好的掩蓋作用,也減少患者因術(shù)后瘢痕存在帶來的心理障礙,獲得生物-心理-社會模式下的康復(fù)。
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(修回日期:2016-07-20)
(責(zé)任編輯:李賀瓊)
Clinical Research of Ultrasound-guided Vacuum-assisted Biopsy System in the Treatment of Intraductal Papillomas
CuiZhimiao,LuoChengyu,LiXin,etal.
DepartmentofGeneralSurgery,FuxingHospitalofCapitalMedicalUniversity,Beijing100038,China
Correspondingauthor:LuoChengyu,E-mail:luochengyu@163.com
Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy system in the treatment of intraductal papillomas. Methods From December 2012 to April 2015, a total of 66 cases of intraductal papilloma, according to their own choice, received ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted excision (observational group, 33 cases) or traditional open surgical operation (control group, 33 cases), respectively. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, breast drainage volume, drainage duration, length of postoperative scar and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results The breast tumor resection was successfully completed in all the 66 cases. As compared with the control group, the length of the scar in the observation group was significantly shorter [(0.7±0.2) cm vs. (3.0±0.6) cm,t=-20.891,P=0.000]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in operation time [(32.4±4.2) min vs. (30.3±6.5) min,t=1.559,P=0.124], intraoperative blood loss [(25.3±3.1) ml vs. (26.8±4.3) ml,t=-1.626,P=0.109], mammary gland drainage volume [(24.9±3.4) ml vs. (26.2±4.4) ml,t=-1.343,P=0.184], drainage time [(2.7±0.5) d vs. (2.8±0.5) d,t=-0.812,P=0.420], incidence of postoperative ecchymosis [6.1%(2/33) vs. 12.1%(4/33),χ2=0.183,P=0.669], incidence of hematoma [12.1%(4/33) vs. 6.1%(2/33),χ2=0.183,P=0.669], incidence of infection [3.0%(1/33) vs. 12.1%(4/33),χ2=0.866,P=0.352], and recurrence rate [6.1%(2/33) vs. 15.1%(5/33),χ2=0.639,P=0.424].Conclusion Ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy system is safe and feasible for intraductal papillomas, and has significantly cosmetic effects.
Intraductal papillomas; Ultrasound-guided; Vacuum-assisted biopsy system
北京市科學(xué)技術(shù)委員會“首都臨床特色應(yīng)用研究”(項目編號:Z131107002213145)
A
1009-6604(2016)11-0969-04
10.3969/j.issn.1009-6604.2016.11.003
2016-05-07)
**通訊作者,E-mail:luochengyu@163.com