王 苗,羅 軍,許會(huì)芬,朱江江,赫秋亞,姚大為,史懷平
(西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)動(dòng)物科技學(xué)院,陜西省農(nóng)業(yè)分子生物學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,楊凌 712100)
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山羊INSIG1基因超表達(dá)對(duì)乳腺上皮細(xì)胞中脂質(zhì)合成的影響
王苗,羅軍*,許會(huì)芬,朱江江,赫秋亞,姚大為,史懷平
(西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)動(dòng)物科技學(xué)院,陜西省農(nóng)業(yè)分子生物學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,楊凌 712100)
本研究旨在通過構(gòu)建西農(nóng)薩能奶山羊胰島素誘導(dǎo)基因1 (INSIG1) 的重組腺病毒(Adenovirus,Ad) 超表達(dá)載體,研究該基因超表達(dá)后對(duì)乳腺上皮細(xì)胞中脂質(zhì)合成的影響,從而為該基因在山羊乳腺脂質(zhì)合成調(diào)控中的功能研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)GenBank (登錄號(hào):JQ665439)中山羊INSIG1基因序列設(shè)計(jì)引物,PCR擴(kuò)增得到其CDS區(qū)序列。將目的基因連接到穿梭載體pAdTrack-CMV后獲得pAdTrack-CMV-INSIG1質(zhì)粒,將該質(zhì)粒PmeⅠ線性化后轉(zhuǎn)入大腸桿菌BJ5183感受態(tài)細(xì)胞進(jìn)行同源重組,獲得pAdEasy-INSIG1重組腺病毒超表達(dá)載體。該重組質(zhì)粒經(jīng)PacⅠ線性化后轉(zhuǎn)染293A細(xì)胞進(jìn)行病毒的包裝及擴(kuò)繁,利用LaSRT法測(cè)定其滴度。將獲得的重組腺病毒Ad-INSIG1感染山羊原代乳腺上皮細(xì)胞,利用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)INSIG1及脂質(zhì)合成相關(guān)基因的mRNA表達(dá)情況,利用GPO-Trinder酶學(xué)反應(yīng)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞中甘油三酯的含量。結(jié)果表明,成功構(gòu)建了奶山羊INSIG1基因重組腺病毒超表達(dá)載體,獲得了具有較高滴度 (2×108U·mL-1) 的超表達(dá)腺病毒Ad-INSIG1;Ad-INSIG1感染山羊原代乳腺上皮細(xì)胞48 h后,與Ad-GFP組相比,INSIG1基因的mRNA表達(dá)量上調(diào)約500倍,固醇調(diào)節(jié)元件結(jié)合蛋白1 (SREBP1)和SREBP裂解活化蛋白 (SCAP) 的mRNA表達(dá)量無明顯變化,參與脂肪酸從頭合成 (ACCα、FASN) 及去飽和 (SCD1) 基因的mRNA表達(dá)量均顯著下降 (P<0.05);參與甘油三酯合成的3個(gè)關(guān)鍵基因中,GPAM及DGAT2的mRNA表達(dá)量顯著下降 (P<0.05),AGPAT6的表達(dá)無顯著變化;同時(shí),催化甘油三酯分解 (ATGL)的基因mRNA表達(dá)量也顯著下降 (P<0.05);細(xì)胞內(nèi)甘油三酯含量無顯著變化。綜上所述,在山羊原代乳腺上皮細(xì)胞中,INSIG1能夠抑制脂質(zhì)合成相關(guān)基因的表達(dá),對(duì)山羊乳腺脂質(zhì)合成具有調(diào)控作用。
山羊乳腺上皮細(xì)胞;胰島素誘導(dǎo)基因1 (INSIG1);超表達(dá);脂質(zhì)合成
胰島素誘導(dǎo)基因 (Insulin-induced gene,INSIG) 位于內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)膜上,哺乳動(dòng)物中有INSIG1和INSIG2兩個(gè)亞型[1-2]。前人研究顯示,INSIGs能夠與固醇調(diào)節(jié)元件結(jié)合蛋白 (Sterol regulatory element binding protein,SREBPs) 裂解活化蛋白 (SREBP cleavage-activating protein,SCAP) 及3-羥基-3甲基戊二酸單酰輔酶A還原酶 (HMG CoA reductase,HMGR) 結(jié)合,從而發(fā)揮其生物學(xué)功能。INSIGs能使SCAP/SREBP復(fù)合體固定在內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)上,阻止其向高爾基體轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)活化[3],并且能夠促進(jìn)HMGR的降解[4]。其中SREBP在哺乳動(dòng)物中是參與膽固醇及脂肪酸合成調(diào)節(jié)的重要轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,HMGR是膽固醇合成的限速酶,因此,INSIGs對(duì)脂質(zhì)及膽固醇代謝有重要的調(diào)控作用[5]。但I(xiàn)NSIG1和INSIG2轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)的機(jī)制是不同的,前者的表達(dá)受核SREBPs的正調(diào)節(jié)[2],而后者的表達(dá)主要受胰島素的負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)[6];INSIG1與SCAP的親和力強(qiáng)于INSIG2,在對(duì)SREBP的抑制過程中INSIG1蛋白起快速調(diào)節(jié)作用[7];在肝中,INSIG1表達(dá)量占總INSIGs的75%以上[8]。因此,一般認(rèn)為主要通過INSIG1蛋白實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)SREBPs和HMGR的反饋抑制。另外,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在牛分娩期前后,乳腺組織中INSIG1的mRNA表達(dá)量上調(diào)了12倍[9],在對(duì)鼠的研究中也有相似的發(fā)現(xiàn)[10],提示INSIG1在乳腺組織中可能具有重要作用。然而,INSIG1基因在山羊乳脂生成中的調(diào)控功能及分子機(jī)制還不清楚。
本研究采用同源重組技術(shù)構(gòu)建INSIG1腺病毒 (Adenovirus,Ad) 超表達(dá)載體,利用293A細(xì)胞包裝、擴(kuò)增得到高滴度的腺病毒,為后續(xù)研究提供試驗(yàn)材料;病毒液感染山羊原代乳腺上皮細(xì)胞后,檢測(cè)脂質(zhì)合成相關(guān)基因表達(dá)及細(xì)胞中甘油三酯含量的變化,初步探討INSIG1基因在山羊乳腺上皮細(xì)胞中的功能,為明確INSIG1基因在山羊乳腺脂質(zhì)代謝調(diào)控過程中的功能,揭示其對(duì)于乳脂合成代謝調(diào)控的意義,提供試驗(yàn)依據(jù)和理論基礎(chǔ)。
1.1材料
腺病毒穿梭載體 (pAdTrack-CMV)、含有腺病毒骨架載體(pAdEasy-1)的大腸桿菌(Escherichiacoli,E.coli)BJ5183 菌液、山羊原代乳腺上皮細(xì)胞及293A細(xì)胞系均由本實(shí)驗(yàn)室保存。
試驗(yàn)所用T4 DNA 連接酶、PrimeScript?反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒及SYBR?Premix Ex TaqTMⅡ試劑盒、Taq酶、SalⅠ酶及BglⅡ酶等購自TaKaRa大連寶生物工程有限公司 (大連);DNA marker D2000 分子標(biāo)量、E.coliTOP 10感受態(tài)細(xì)胞、DNA Marker Ⅲ分子標(biāo)量、λDNA/Hind Ⅲ marker分子標(biāo)量、細(xì)胞總RNA提取試劑盒、高純度小提中量試劑盒及瓊脂糖凝膠DNA回收試劑盒等購自北京天根生化科技有限公司 (北京);限制性內(nèi)切酶PmeⅠ、PacⅠ等購自NEB 公司 (美國);FuGENE HD轉(zhuǎn)染試劑購自羅氏 (Roche) 公司 (瑞士);細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板購自NUNC公司 (丹麥);DMEM高糖培養(yǎng)基和DMEM/F-12 培養(yǎng)基均購自HyClone 公司 (北京);胎牛血清購自浙江天杭生物有限公司 (杭州);細(xì)胞/組織甘油三酯 (Triacylglycerol,TAG)提取試劑盒購自北京普利萊生物有限公司 (北京)。
1.2方法
1.2.1INSIG1基因的擴(kuò)增根據(jù)西農(nóng)薩能奶山羊INSIG1基因的序列 (GenBank登錄號(hào):JQ665439),設(shè)計(jì)特異性引物,在上游引物前添加BglII酶切位點(diǎn) (加粗部分) 及Kozak序列(下劃線部分),下游引物添加SalI酶切位點(diǎn) (陰影部分),并在引物5′端添加保護(hù)堿基 (斜體部分)。上下游引物序列:INSIG1-S (5′-3′):GAAGATCTGCCACCATGCCCAGACTGGACGACCACCTCT;INSIG1-A (5′-3′):ACGCGTCGACTCAATCAC-TGTGTGGCTTTTCGG。
以山羊泌乳期乳腺組織cDNA為模板,對(duì)INSIG1基因進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增。PCR反應(yīng)體系及反應(yīng)程序參照王慧等[11]的研究,其中退火溫度為63 ℃,延伸時(shí)間為1 min。PCR產(chǎn)物采用濃度為1%的瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測(cè),將900 bp左右的目的片段回收純化后連接載體pMD19-T,連接產(chǎn)物轉(zhuǎn)化感受態(tài)細(xì)胞E.coliTop 10,提取質(zhì)粒即pMD19-T-INSIG1,進(jìn)行SalⅠ/BglⅡ雙酶切鑒定,陽性質(zhì)粒由英濰捷基公司進(jìn)行測(cè)序鑒定。
1.2.2pAdTrack-CMV-INSIG1穿梭載體的構(gòu)建用SalI和BglII對(duì)測(cè)序正確的pMD19-T-INSIG1質(zhì)粒和腺病毒穿梭載體質(zhì)粒pAdTrack-CMV進(jìn)行雙酶切,電泳檢測(cè)并回收純化,用T4連接酶將純化產(chǎn)物4 ℃連接過夜,連接產(chǎn)物轉(zhuǎn)化到E.coliTop10感受態(tài)細(xì)胞,涂布于LB固體培養(yǎng)基 (含卡那霉素Kan,100 mg·L-1),37 ℃培養(yǎng)12~14 h。選取較小單克隆菌落培養(yǎng)擴(kuò)繁后提取質(zhì)粒,凝膠電泳檢測(cè),并利用SalⅠ/BglⅡ進(jìn)行雙酶切鑒定。陽性質(zhì)粒由英濰捷基公司進(jìn)行測(cè)序鑒定。
1.2.3重組腺病毒載體pAdEasey-INSIG1的構(gòu)建及鑒定利用氯化鈣法,制備含骨架載體pAdEasey-1的感受態(tài)細(xì)胞E.coliBJ5183[12]。對(duì)pAdTrack-CMV-INSIG1陽性質(zhì)粒進(jìn)行PmeI酶切線性化,回收產(chǎn)物轉(zhuǎn)化含腺病毒骨架載體pAdEasey-1的E.coliBJ5183感受態(tài)細(xì)胞中,其中熱激時(shí)間為55 s,進(jìn)行同源重組。涂布于LB固體培養(yǎng)基 (Kan,100 mg·L-1),37 ℃培養(yǎng)16~18 h,挑取較小單克隆菌落培養(yǎng)擴(kuò)繁。提取質(zhì)粒DNA,凝膠電泳檢測(cè),并利用內(nèi)切酶PacI酶切鑒定。將陽性的重組質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)化E.coliTOP10感受態(tài)細(xì)胞中進(jìn)行大量擴(kuò)繁。提取質(zhì)粒送往公司進(jìn)行測(cè)序鑒定。
1.2.4腺病毒Ad-INSIG1的包裝、擴(kuò)增及滴度測(cè)定取10 μg重組質(zhì)粒pAd-INSIG1用PacⅠ酶線性化,通過異丙醇沉淀法純化回收大片段。按照FuGENE HD Transfection Reagent說明書操作步驟,將回收產(chǎn)物轉(zhuǎn)染6孔細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板中生長(zhǎng)融合度為70%~80%的293A細(xì)胞中,進(jìn)行重組腺病毒包裝。腺病毒包裝過程及擴(kuò)增方法參考王偉等[13]的研究。利用LaSRT法測(cè)定病毒滴度[14]。
1.2.5腺病毒感染乳腺上皮細(xì)胞最佳MOI (Multiplicity of infection) 值的測(cè)定將生長(zhǎng)良好的乳腺上皮細(xì)胞接種于24孔細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板內(nèi),待生長(zhǎng)到匯合度達(dá)到70%~80%時(shí),更換培養(yǎng)基,同時(shí)分別加入5、10、20和40 μL的腺病毒液,每個(gè)處理3個(gè)重復(fù)。每間隔24 h更換新鮮培養(yǎng)基,72 h后觀察細(xì)胞中的綠色熒光情況及細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)狀況,熒光較亮且細(xì)胞無明顯病變 (細(xì)胞變圓且成串分布)的量為在乳腺上皮細(xì)胞中最佳的感染量,計(jì)算MOI值。
1.2.6Ad-INSIG1腺病毒超表達(dá)效果檢測(cè)將生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)良好的F12代乳腺上皮細(xì)胞接種于24孔細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板中,待細(xì)胞匯合度達(dá)到80%~90%后更換新鮮培養(yǎng)基,接種腺病毒,每間隔24 h更換一次培養(yǎng)基。設(shè)置2個(gè)組:對(duì)照組 (Ad-GFP)、試驗(yàn)組 (Ad-INSIG1),每個(gè)處理設(shè)置3個(gè)生物學(xué)重復(fù)。48 h后收集細(xì)胞提取總RNA,檢測(cè)濃度及純度,將合格的RNA樣品反轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA,以cDNA為模板進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR (Quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR) 分析。反應(yīng)體系和反應(yīng)條件均參考孫雨婷等[15]的研究,每個(gè)樣品重復(fù)3次。選擇UXT、MRPL39及RSP9為內(nèi)參基因[16-18]。實(shí)時(shí)定量引物序列見表1。采用2-ΔΔCt法進(jìn)行相對(duì)定量分析,其中ΔCt=CtINSIG1-Ct內(nèi)參,ΔΔCt=ΔCtAd-INSIG1-ΔCtAd-GFP,Ct內(nèi)參為3個(gè)內(nèi)參基因Ct值的幾何平均數(shù)[19]。
表1實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR引物
Table1 Primers for qRT-PCR
基因名稱Gene引物序列(5'-3')Primersequence產(chǎn)物長(zhǎng)度/bpLength擴(kuò)增效率EfficiencyUXTF:TGTGGCCCTTGGATATGGTTR:GGTTGTCGCTGAGCTCTGTG1012.06MRPL-39F:AGGTTCTCTTTTGTTGGCATCCR:TTGGTCAGAGCCCCAGAAGT1011.94RPS-9F:CCTCGACCAAGAGCTGAAGR:CCTCCAGACCTCACGTTTGTTC642.10INSIG1F:AGCCTCACAAGTTCAAGCGR:ACAGTGCTGCTAATGTCAAGG1322.21SCAPF:CCATGTGCACTTCAAGGAGGAR:TGTCGATCTTGCGTGTGGAG1071.95SREBP1F:CTGCTGACCGACATAGAAGACATR:GTAGGGCGGGTCAAACAGG811.98ACCF:CTCCAACCTCAACCACTACGGR:GGGGAATCACAGAAGCAGCC1712.03FASNF:GGGCTCCACCACCGTGTTCCAR:GCTCTGCTGGGCCTGCAGCTG2261.93SCD1F:CCATCGCCTGTGGAGTCACR:GTCGGATAAATCTAGCGTAGCA2571.92GPAMF:ATTGACCCTTGGCACGATAGR:AACAGCACCTTCCCACAAAG1882.16DGAT2F:CATGTACACATTCTGCACCGATTR:TGACCTCCTGCCACCTTTCT1002.10AGPAT6F:AAGCAAGTTGCCCATCCTCAR:AAACTGTGGCTCCAATTTCGA1002.06ATGLF:GGAGCTTATCCAGGCCAATGR:TGCGGGCAGATGTCACTCT1802.16HSLF:GGGAGCACTACAAACGCAACGR:TGAATGATCCGCTCAAACTCG1361.98
1.2.7INSIG1基因超表達(dá)后對(duì)脂質(zhì)合成相關(guān)基因表達(dá)的影響脂肪酸合酶基因(Fatty acid synthase,F(xiàn)ASN)、硬脂?;o酶A去飽和酶1基因(Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1,SCD1) 、乙酰輔酶A羧化酶α基因(Acetyl-CoA carboxylas α,ACCα)、甘油-3-磷酸?;D(zhuǎn)移酶基因(Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase,GPAM)、二脂酰甘油?;D(zhuǎn)移酶2基因(Diacylgycerol acyltransferase 2,DGAT2)、磷酸甘油?;D(zhuǎn)移酶基因6 (1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 6,AGPAT6)、脂肪三酰甘油酯酶 (Adipose triacylglycerol lipase,ATGL)及激素敏感脂肪酶 (Hormone-sensitive lipase,HSL) 被證實(shí)為脂質(zhì)代謝相關(guān)基因。利用Primer Premier5.0 軟件設(shè)計(jì)上述基因的qRT-PCR引物(表1)。反應(yīng)體系、反應(yīng)條件及數(shù)據(jù)分析方法同上。
1.2.8INSIG1基因超表達(dá)后對(duì)乳腺上皮細(xì)胞中甘油三酯含量的影響 將生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)良好的F12代乳腺上皮細(xì)胞接種于6 cm細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)皿中,待細(xì)胞匯合度達(dá)到80%~90%后接種腺病毒,每間隔24 h更換一次培養(yǎng)基。病毒感染48 h后棄盡培養(yǎng)基,PBS沖洗2遍,利用試劑盒提取并利用GPO-Trinder酶學(xué)反應(yīng)測(cè)量細(xì)胞內(nèi)甘油三酯的含量。每個(gè)處理設(shè)置3個(gè)生物學(xué)重復(fù),每個(gè)樣品測(cè)量3次。
2.1INSIG1基因的擴(kuò)增與鑒定
以泌乳期山羊乳腺組織cDNA為模板,PCR擴(kuò)增得到山羊INSIG1基因CDS區(qū)序列831 bp (圖1A)。將PCR產(chǎn)物回收,連接到pMD19-T載體,進(jìn)行雙酶切鑒定 (圖1B) 及測(cè)序,結(jié)果與GenBank中收錄的序列一致。表明成功克隆了西農(nóng)薩能奶山羊INSIG1基因的CDS區(qū)序列。
M.DNA相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn);1.INSIG1基因CDS區(qū)PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物;2.pMD19-T-INSIG1質(zhì)粒;3.pMD19-T-INSIG1經(jīng)SalⅠ和 Bgl Ⅱ的雙酶切產(chǎn)物M.DNA marker Ⅲ;1.Amplification product of INSIG1 CDS region by PCR;2.pMD19-T-INSIG1 vector;3.pMD19-T-INSIG1 vector digested by SalⅠand Bgl Ⅱ圖1 INSIG1基因的克隆與鑒定Fig.1 Cloning and identification of INSIG1 gene
2.2腺病毒穿梭載體pAdTrack-CMV-INSIG1的構(gòu)建與鑒定
用SalⅠ和BglⅡ雙酶切pMD19-T-INSIG1及pAdTrack-CMV,回收后連接,獲得pAdTrack-CMV-INSIG1質(zhì)粒,再進(jìn)行雙酶切鑒定,瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測(cè)得到約9 kb的質(zhì)粒條帶和831 bp的目的基因條帶 (圖 2),與預(yù)期結(jié)果相符。另外,測(cè)序結(jié)果顯示插入的序列與設(shè)計(jì)序列完全一致,表明腺病毒穿梭載體構(gòu)建成功。
2.3重組腺病毒載體pAdEasy-INSIG1的構(gòu)建與鑒定
將PmeⅠ線性化的pAdTrack-CMV-INSIG1轉(zhuǎn)入制備好的E.coliBJ5183感受態(tài)細(xì)胞中,進(jìn)行同源重組得到重組質(zhì)粒pAdEasy-INSIG1,PacⅠ酶切鑒定,瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測(cè)得到約30 kb的載體條帶和4.5 kb的條帶 (圖 3),并且測(cè)序結(jié)果與INSIG1基因克隆的測(cè)序結(jié)果一致,表明重組腺病毒載體構(gòu)建成功。
2.4腺病毒的包裝、擴(kuò)增與滴度測(cè)定
pAdEasy-INSIG1腺病毒重組質(zhì)粒經(jīng)PacⅠ酶切線性化后,轉(zhuǎn)染293A細(xì)胞,2 d后熒光顯微鏡下可觀察到部分細(xì)胞有綠色熒光蛋白表達(dá),7 d后綠色熒光蛋白表達(dá)量增多,同時(shí)開始出現(xiàn)噬菌斑,13 d后70%的細(xì)胞從培養(yǎng)瓶底脫落時(shí)收集病毒,反復(fù)感染293A細(xì)胞2次后,獲得高滴度的腺病毒 (圖 4)。經(jīng)過LaSRT法測(cè)定其滴度為2×108U·mL-1。
2.5腺病毒感染乳腺上皮細(xì)胞最佳MOI值的確定
將不同劑量的腺病毒感染乳腺上皮細(xì)胞72 h后,利用顯微鏡觀察熒光強(qiáng)度及細(xì)胞形態(tài),發(fā)現(xiàn)24孔板中最適宜的病毒接種量為20 μL,MOI值為200 (圖 5)。
M.DNA相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn);1.pAdTrack-CMV-INSIG1質(zhì)粒;2.pAdTrack-CMV-INSIG1質(zhì)粒的SalⅠ和 Bgl Ⅱ雙酶切鑒定M.λ/Hind Ⅲ DNA marker;1.pAdTrack-CMV-INSIG1 vector;2.pAdTrack-CMV-INSIG1 digested by SalⅠ and Bgl Ⅱ圖2 穿梭載體pAdTrack-CMV-INSIG1的構(gòu)建Fig.2 Construction of pAdTrack-CMV-INSIG1 vector
M.DNA相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn);1.pAdEasy-INSIG1質(zhì)粒的Pac Ⅰ酶切鑒定 M.λ/Hind Ⅲ DNA marker;1.pAdEasy-INSIG1 digested by Pac Ⅰ圖3 pAdEasy-INSIG1重組質(zhì)粒的Pac Ⅰ酶切鑒定Fig.3 Digestion identification of pAdEasy-INSIG1 by Pac Ⅰ
2.6Ad-INSIG1腺病毒超表達(dá)效果檢測(cè)
山羊乳腺上皮細(xì)胞感染Ad-GFP及Ad-INSIG1 48 h后,收集細(xì)胞提取總RNA,qRT-PCR檢測(cè)INSIG1基因的超表達(dá)效果。結(jié)果表明,與Ad-GFP感染組相比,Ad-INSIG1感染組中INSIG1基因的mRNA表達(dá)量顯著上調(diào)了500倍左右 (P<0.01) (圖 6)。
2.7INSIG1基因超表達(dá)后對(duì)脂質(zhì)合成相關(guān)基因表達(dá)的影響
利用2.6中獲得的RNA樣品,經(jīng)qRT-PCR檢測(cè)脂質(zhì)合成相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果表明,與對(duì)照組相比,超表達(dá)INSIG1后,SCAP、SREBP1的mRNA表達(dá)量均無顯著變化 (圖 7A);參與脂肪酸從頭合成及去飽和的基因中ACCα、FASN及SCD1的mRNA表達(dá)量均顯著下降,分別為 32%、21% 和23% (P<0.05) (圖 7B);參與甘油三酯合成的3個(gè)關(guān)鍵基因中GPAM和DGAT2的mRNA表達(dá)量顯著下降 (P<0.05),AGPAT6的表達(dá)量無明顯變化 (圖 7C);催化甘油三酯水解的關(guān)鍵酶中ATGL的mRNA表達(dá)量顯著下降 (P<0.05),HSL的mRNA表達(dá)量無明顯變化 (圖 7D)。
2.8INSIG1基因超表達(dá)后對(duì)細(xì)胞中甘油三酯含量的影響
Ad-GFP、Ad-INSIG1感染乳腺上皮細(xì)胞48 h后,收集細(xì)胞,利用試劑盒檢測(cè)細(xì)胞中甘油三酯的含量。結(jié)果表明,與Ad-GFP組相比,Ad-INSIG1組細(xì)胞中甘油三酯的含量無明顯變化 (圖 8)。
超表達(dá)技術(shù)是研究基因功能的重要手段之一,腺病毒超表達(dá)系統(tǒng)具有轉(zhuǎn)染效率高、感染細(xì)胞范圍廣、病毒滴度高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),現(xiàn)已廣泛用于基因表達(dá)、疫苗制作和基因治療等領(lǐng)域[20]。本研究采用的是pAdEasy-1系統(tǒng),兩步法構(gòu)建重組腺病毒超表達(dá)載體,利用293A細(xì)胞進(jìn)行病毒包裝與擴(kuò)增,根據(jù)腺病毒載體上GFP熒光情況可方便地觀察到基因的表達(dá)情況及計(jì)算病毒的滴度。該方法操作簡(jiǎn)便,成功率高。第一代腺病毒的成功包裝是獲得高滴度病毒液的關(guān)鍵。選擇生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)良好的細(xì)胞,當(dāng)細(xì)胞匯合度達(dá)到70%左右時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)染腺病毒載體。每天更換培養(yǎng)基以滿足病毒包裝過程中細(xì)胞的高營養(yǎng)需要,觀察并記錄熒光表達(dá)情況及細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài),一般需要12~14 d[21-22]。試驗(yàn)中在第7 天出現(xiàn)噬菌斑,第13 天發(fā)現(xiàn)80%細(xì)胞變圓脫壁,及時(shí)收毒。經(jīng)過2次擴(kuò)增后獲得高滴度病毒,滴度為2×108U·mL-1。將該病毒感染乳腺上皮細(xì)胞48 h后,發(fā)現(xiàn)INSIG1基因mRNA的表達(dá)量上升約500倍,超表達(dá)效果顯著,可作為后續(xù)進(jìn)一步功能研究的試驗(yàn)材料。
INSIG1基因最早由K.L.Mohn等在胰島素處理鼠的肝癌細(xì)胞中發(fā)現(xiàn)[23],隨后從人體肝細(xì)胞中克隆得到該基因,命名為胰島素誘導(dǎo)基因1 (INSIG1)[1]。人INSIG1基因位于染色體7q36,含5個(gè)外顯子,編碼277個(gè)氨基酸,含有6個(gè)跨膜區(qū)[24]。王慧等[11]和C.F.Wu等[25]分別發(fā)現(xiàn)山羊、牛的INSIG1基因CDS區(qū)長(zhǎng)度均為831 bp,編碼276個(gè)氨基酸,比人少1個(gè)氨基酸,且蛋白跨膜區(qū)也只有5個(gè)。這一差異提示了在蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)及受調(diào)控機(jī)制方面,反芻動(dòng)物INSIG1可能與先前對(duì)人INSIG1的研究結(jié)果存在差異。近年來對(duì)乳腺脂質(zhì)代謝基因網(wǎng)絡(luò)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),INSIG1具有重要的作用。在體外培養(yǎng)的脂肪細(xì)胞、牛及山羊乳腺上皮細(xì)胞中添加過氧化物酶體增殖物激活受體 (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ,PPAR) 的激動(dòng)劑羅格列酮,導(dǎo)致INSIG1基因的表達(dá)量顯著上升,SREBP靶基因表達(dá)受到抑制,脂質(zhì)合成減少[22,26-27];用t10,c12-CLA處理牛的乳腺上皮細(xì)胞后,油紅O染色顯示細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂質(zhì)積累增加,而INSIG1基因表達(dá)受到抑制,推測(cè)INSIG1可能介導(dǎo)了外源多不飽和脂肪酸對(duì)脂合成的抑制[27]。此外,在對(duì)鼠肝脂質(zhì)代謝的研究中,發(fā)現(xiàn)并驗(yàn)證了INSIG1是miR-24的靶基因之一,miR-24能上調(diào)INSIG1基因的表達(dá),脂質(zhì)合成變化則呈相反趨勢(shì)[28]。這些研究結(jié)果表明,INSIG1可能作為中間媒介,在多種因素對(duì)機(jī)體脂代謝調(diào)控中具有非常重要的作用。但這些因子是直接還是間接作用于INSIG1從而影響脂代謝仍需要進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。
A~C.腺病毒感染293A細(xì)胞2、7、13 d后的綠色熒光表達(dá)情況;A.2 d后出現(xiàn)少量熒光;B.7 d后出現(xiàn)噬菌斑;C.13 d后細(xì)胞脫壁變圓;D.高滴度的腺病毒感染293A細(xì)胞24 h后綠色熒光表達(dá)情況A-C.Fluorescence of 293A cell after transfection of pAdEasy-INSIG1 for 2,7 and 13 d,respectively;A.Slight green fluorescence was observed after 2 d;B.Plaques were observed after 7 d;C.Desquamated cells were observed after 13 d;D.Fluorescence microscopic image of 293A cell infected by high titer virus for 24 hours圖4 腺病毒的包裝與擴(kuò)增 100×Fig.4 Adenovirus packaging and amplification 100×
0 h.感染前空白對(duì)照;null.不添加病毒的空白對(duì)照;72 h Ad-INSIG1.感染重組腺病毒Ad-INSIG1 72 h 后。上圖.白光觀察圖;下圖.熒光觀察圖0 h.Blank control before infection;null.Blank control without adenovirus infection;72 h Ad-INSIG1.Infected with recombinant adenovirus Ad-INSIG1 for 72 h.Upper panel.White light;Lower panel.Fluorescence圖5 感染腺病毒前后的乳腺上皮細(xì)胞 100×Fig.5 Goat mammary epithelial cells infected with and without adenovirus 100×
Ad-GFP.對(duì)照組;Ad-INSIG1.試驗(yàn)組;**.與對(duì)照組相比差異極顯著P<0.01;下同Ad-GFP.Control group;Ad-INSIG1.Experiment group;**.P<0.01 compared with control group;The same as below圖6 INSIG1超表達(dá)效果檢測(cè)Fig.6 Overexpression analysis of INSIG1
A.SREBP通路;B.脂肪酸從頭合成及去飽和;C.甘油三酯合成;D.甘油三酯分解;*.與對(duì)照組相比差異顯著P<0.05A.SREBP pathway;B.Fatty acid de novo synthesis and desaturation;C.TAG synthesis;D.TAG degradation;*.P<0.05 compared with control group圖7 INSIG1基因超表達(dá)后對(duì)脂質(zhì)合成相關(guān)基因mRNA表達(dá)量的影響Fig.7 Effect of INSIG1 gene overexpression on the mRNA expression of lipid synthesis related genes
圖8 INSIG1超表達(dá)后對(duì)乳腺上皮細(xì)胞中甘油三酯含量的影響Fig.8 Effect of INSIG1 gene overexpression on the cellular triacylglycerol content
SREBP1是參與脂肪酸代謝調(diào)控的重要轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,直接調(diào)控參與膽固醇、甘油三酯、脂肪酸及磷脂的生物合成及攝取過程中30多個(gè)基因的表達(dá)[29-31]。SREBP蛋白以非活性的前體形式錨定在內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)上,在SCAP的護(hù)送下進(jìn)入高爾基體,進(jìn)行蛋白水解活化成核SREBP轉(zhuǎn)入到細(xì)胞核內(nèi),與靶基因啟動(dòng)子上的固醇調(diào)節(jié)元件 (SRE) 序列結(jié)合而促進(jìn)其表達(dá)[32]。INSIGs能與SCAP結(jié)合而抑制SREBP蛋白活化過程,而對(duì)其mRNA水平影響不大[3]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在乳腺上皮細(xì)胞中INSIG1超表達(dá)后,SCAP、SREBP1基因mRNA水平的表達(dá)均無顯著變化。這一結(jié)果與K.Takaishi 等[33]及L.J.Engelking等[34]在活體水平超表達(dá)INSIG1試驗(yàn)中的結(jié)果一致;同時(shí),在INSIG1基因敲除研究[35]中,也發(fā)現(xiàn)SCAP、SREBP1的mRNA表達(dá)量無顯著變化。另外,ACCα、FASN和SCD1是SREBP的3個(gè)重要靶基因,是參與脂肪酸從頭合成及去飽和的關(guān)鍵酶。INSIG1超表達(dá)后,脂肪酸合成關(guān)鍵基因ACCα、FASN及SCD1的mRNA表達(dá)量均顯著下降,這與前人研究[33-34]結(jié)果一致,表明在乳腺上皮細(xì)胞中超表達(dá)INSIG1基因能夠抑制SREBP蛋白的活化及其靶基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄,下調(diào)細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂肪酸從頭合成及去飽和過程。
甘油三酯是乳脂的主要成分,由長(zhǎng)鏈脂肪酸和甘油形成。在甘油三酯合成的過程中包含3個(gè)關(guān)鍵的酶,GPAM參與催化的第一步反應(yīng),AGPAT催化甘油三酯 sn-2位置的酯化,DGAT催化二酰甘油加上脂肪酸酰基輔酶A形成三酰甘油,是甘油三酯合成限速酶[36]。細(xì)胞中甘油三酯的含量是動(dòng)態(tài)變化的,也可被脂解并用于提供能量和膜脂。ATGL和HSL是催化甘油三酯水解的關(guān)鍵酶。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),INSIG1超表達(dá)后乳腺上皮細(xì)胞中GPAM和DGAT2的mRNA表達(dá)量顯著高于對(duì)照組,說明INSIG1對(duì)甘油三酯合成具有抑制作用。同時(shí),ATGL基因的mRNA表達(dá)量也顯著下降。但檢測(cè)細(xì)胞中甘油三酯的含量發(fā)現(xiàn),與Ad-GFP組相比,Ad-INSIG1組中的TAG含量無明顯變化,M.R.McFarlane等[35]也發(fā)現(xiàn)INSIG1敲除后小鼠血漿及肝中TAG無顯著變化。因此,我們推測(cè)INSIG1基因超表達(dá)后抑制了脂質(zhì)的合成,同時(shí)也導(dǎo)致了細(xì)胞中脂動(dòng)員活動(dòng)的減弱,最終使細(xì)胞內(nèi)甘油三酯的含量維持動(dòng)態(tài)平衡狀態(tài)。具體的調(diào)控機(jī)制還需要進(jìn)一步的研究探索。
本研究成功構(gòu)建了奶山羊INSIG1基因重組腺病毒超表達(dá)載體,獲得了高滴度的重組腺病毒Ad-INSIG1。超表達(dá)INSIG1能夠下調(diào)山羊乳腺上皮細(xì)胞脂肪酸及甘油三酯合成相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)。這些結(jié)果將為進(jìn)一步揭示INSIG1基因在乳脂合成中的功能奠定基礎(chǔ)。
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(編輯郭云雁)
Effect ofINSIG1 Overexpression on the Lipid Synthesis in Goat Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells
WANG Miao,LUO Jun*,XU Hui-fen,ZHU Jiang-jiang,HE Qiu-ya,YAO Da-wei,SHI Huai-ping
(ShanxiKeyLaboratoryofMolecularBiologyforAgriculture,CollegeofAnimalScienceandTechnology,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling712100,China)
The aim of this study was to construct an insulin-induced gene-1 (INSIG1) recombinant adenovirus overexpression vector of Xinong Saanen dairy goat,and determine its effect on lipid synthesis in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC),to lay the foundation for its functional study in regulating lipid synthesis in goat mammary gland.The primers were designed according to theINSIG1 sequence in GenBank (accession number:JQ665439),then its coding sequences (CDS) was cloned by PCR.The gene fragments were inserted into shuttle vector pAdTrack-CMV to obtain pAdTrack-CMV-INSIG1 vector.After being linearized byPmeⅠ,pAdTrack-CMV-INSIG1 vector was transformed intoEscherichiacoliBJ5183 competent cells to obtain the recombinant adenovirus overexpression vector pAdEasy-INSIG1 by homologous recombination.Next,the pAdEasy-INSIG1 vector,linearized byPacⅠ,was transfected into 293A cells for viral packaging and amplification.LaSRT was used for titer assay.Finally,after infecting the goat mammary gland epithelial cells(GMEC) with Ad-INSIG1 recombinant adenovirus,qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression ofINSIG1 and genes related to lipid synthesis,and the GPO-Trinder enzyme reaction was used to measure the cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) content.The result showed thatINSIG1 overexpression recombinant adenovirus vector was successfully constructed,and the recombinant adenovirus Ad-INSIG1 with a high titer of 2×108U·mL-1was obtained.Compared with Ad-GFP infected group,the mRNA expression ofINSIG1 increased by about 500-fold after GMEC incubated with Ad-INSIG1 for 48 h.No obvious changes were observed on the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP),however,there was a significant decrease in the expression genes related to fatty aciddenovosynthesis and desaturasion:acetyl-CoA carboxylas α (ACCα),fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) (P<0.05).Among the 3 key genes involved in TAG synthesis,the transcript abundance of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAM) and diacylgycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) were significantly decreased (P<0.05),and 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 6 (AGPAT6) had no obvious change.Meanwhile,the mRNA expression of adipose triacylglycerol lipase (ATGL),an enzyme catalyzes the initial step of TAG hydrolysis,also decreased significantly (P<0.05).No significant difference was found in the cellular TAG content between 2 groups.In conclusion,INSIG1 can inhibit the expression of genes related to lipid synthesis in GMEC,and may have a regulatory function on lipid synthesis in goat mammary gland.
GMEC;INSIG1;overexpression;lipid synthesis
10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.09.008
2015-12-21
國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31372281);國家轉(zhuǎn)基因新品種培育重大專項(xiàng)(2014ZX08009-051B)
王苗(1992-),女,湖北漢川人,碩士生,主要從事動(dòng)物遺傳育種與繁殖研究,E-mail:wangmiao9254@sina.com
羅軍,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,主要從事動(dòng)物遺傳育種研究,E-mail:luojun1@yahoo.com
S827;S813.3
A
0366-6964(2016)09-1806-11