文/五花肉

脫胎紅泥的茗飲美器

文/五花肉

The Exquisite Teapot Remolding from the Red Clay

“工欲善其事，必先利其器”。大唐盛世伊始，茶飲開始形成有別于食器和酒器的專有器具體系。陸羽的《茶經(jīng)?四之器》總結(jié)了二十四種茶具的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，“泡茶不走味、貯茶不變色、盛暑不易餿”的紫砂壺，就是其中的佼佼者。

Sharpen your tool before achieve your work. Teaware was distinguished from foodware since Tang Dynasty. Lu Yu developed twenty-four tea utensils standards in Classic of Tea. Among these tea utensils, boccaro teapot is the best, which features outstanding storage performance of keeping tea’s original taste after brewing, keeping tea’s original color, and keeping the tea fresh in hot summer.

實(shí)用與藝術(shù)兼?zhèn)銫ombination of Practicability and Artistry

紫砂壺源于春秋，興于明清。明代的供春被公認(rèn)為紫砂壺歷史的首位藝術(shù)大師，《陽羨茗壺賦》盛贊其“彼新奇兮萬變，師造化兮元功，信陶壺之鼻祖，亦天下之良工?！弊怨┐浩?，歷經(jīng)時(shí)鵬、時(shí)大彬、元暢等名家推動，紫砂壺藝術(shù)的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日臻成熟，深受世人青睞。

Boccaro teapot originated from Spring and Autumn period, and flourished in Ming and Qing dynasties. Gong Chun is widely considered as the first artist of boccaro teapot. Ode to Teapot in Yangxian highly praises him, saying human use the knowledge learnt from the nature to make different types of teapots, the founder of boccaro teapot is also considered as the great master in the world. Established by Gong Chun and developed by a number of famous artists like Shi Peng, Shi Dabin and Yuan Chang, the aesthetic standards on boccaro teapot become more and more mature. As a result, boccaro teapot is favored by people deeply.

傳統(tǒng)三法審美Three Traditional Aesthetics Methods

“逸、妙、能”三法源于中國古畫，也被視為宋代沿用至今的紫砂壺審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！澳堋敝钢茐毓に嚲?，兼具實(shí)用與美觀；“妙”代表了韻律和生動；“逸”則被視為壺藝的最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，超脫了實(shí)用美觀的范疇，進(jìn)入“道”的境界，形成一種不可名狀但能真實(shí)體會的藝術(shù)美感。

Deriving from ancient Chinese paintings, Yi, Miao and Neng, as the aesthetic standards on boccaro teapot, have been used from Song Dynasty till now. Neng refers to the exquisite pot craftsmanship integrating practicality and beauty; Miao pursues a vivid effect; Yi, the highest standard, is beyond the scope of practicality and beauty, enters into the realm of Tao, and creates an artistic quality which is indescribable but can truly feel.

巔峰“宮廷紫砂”Royal Purple Clay Achieves Craftsmanship's Peak

細(xì)數(shù)歷代紫砂，以清朝“宮廷紫砂”為最。

Throughout the history of purple clay wares, royal purple clay is the best.

清朝皇室首先在宮中創(chuàng)燒“御制”款紫砂胎畫琺瑯，開啟了“宮廷紫砂”燒造，后經(jīng)歷代傳承，發(fā)展成為皇家氣息濃郁的紫砂藝術(shù)，堪稱紫砂制作的巔峰。

The royal family in Qing Dynasty first made the purple clay-body painted enamel by the emperor order, which started to make the royal purple clay ware. It has been handed down from generation to generation, and has developed as a purple clay art with royal style, which can be called as the peak of purple clay craftsmanship.

“宮廷紫砂”燒造過程極為復(fù)雜，由宮廷造辦處督制，奉行嚴(yán)格的制作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：選材必須是產(chǎn)于宜興的上乘紫砂，定燒素胎，再按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)流程進(jìn)行泥繪、描金、髹漆、琺瑯彩繪、鐫刻等工藝，最后在宮中燒制完成。

The process of making royal purple clay is quite complex. The whole process is under the supervision of workshops in the royal court and must comply with the strict production standards, namely choosing the superior purple clay native to Yixing, burning the clay and shaping the body, and then painting, gilding, lacquering, enameling and engraving, and finally finishing production in the court.

結(jié) 語Conclusion

“溫潤如君子，豪邁如丈夫，風(fēng)流如詞客，麗嫻如佳人”，紫砂孕于紅泥，成型在工匠巧手之間，最終成就優(yōu)雅，它是中國茶文化的傳承載體，也是華夏民族審美情趣和制作藝術(shù)的最佳體現(xiàn)。

Warm as a gentleman, generous as a man, romantic as a versifier, beautiful as a lady, boccaro teaware is a exquisite artwork, which originated from red clay and is shaped by elite craftsman. It is the the carrier of Chinese tea culture, also the embodiment of Chinese national aesthetic standards and craftsmanship.

（支持單位：上海市質(zhì)量和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究院）