李少華,李延精,李海霞,白樹存
利培酮與阿立哌唑治療雙相障礙躁狂發(fā)作的臨床療效比較
李少華,李延精,李海霞,白樹存
目的 對比分析利培酮與阿立哌唑?qū)﹄p相障礙躁狂發(fā)作的臨床治療效果。方法 選擇2011年1月~2014年12月青海省中央補助地方嚴(yán)重精神障礙管理治療項目收治的150例雙相障礙躁狂發(fā)作患者,隨機分為利培酮組與阿立哌唑組,兩組均給予口服碳酸鋰治療,利培酮組加用利培酮,阿立哌唑組加用阿立哌唑。分別在治療前和治療后1、2、4、6 w,采用躁狂量表(BRMS)評定療效;在治療前及治療后3和6 w,采用副反應(yīng)癥狀評定量表(TESS)評定對藥物不良反應(yīng)。結(jié)果 治療6 w后,阿立哌唑組的治療總有效率為89.33%,明顯高于利培酮組的78.67%(P<0.05);與治療前相比,兩組治療后的BRMS評分均明顯降低(P<0.05),且阿立哌唑組在治療后1~6 w的BRMS評分均明顯低于利培酮組(P<0.05);阿立哌唑組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為41.33%,明顯低于利培酮組的61.33%(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 阿立哌唑?qū)﹄p相障礙躁狂發(fā)作有較好的治療效果及較高的安全性,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
利培酮;阿立哌唑;雙相障礙;躁狂發(fā)作;療效;不良反應(yīng)
雙相障礙是一種常見的慢性復(fù)發(fā)性精神疾病,躁狂發(fā)作會對自身及他人的安全造成較大的危害[1-2]。阿立哌唑是喹啉酮衍生物,是首個獲得美國FDA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的多巴胺-5羥色胺系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定劑。當(dāng)患者前額皮質(zhì)多巴胺能水平較低時,其能激動多巴胺D2受體,改善患者的認(rèn)知、郁悶及抑郁癥狀;而當(dāng)邊緣系統(tǒng)多巴胺功能亢進(jìn)時,則可發(fā)揮拮抗劑作用,改善躁狂等陽性癥狀[3-4]。阿立哌唑和利培酮均屬于非典型抗精神病藥物,本研究主要對比分析了二者對雙相障礙躁狂發(fā)作的臨床治療效果。
1.1 病例資料 選擇青海省中央補助地方嚴(yán)重精神障礙管理治療項目2011年1月~2014年12月收治的150例雙相障礙躁狂發(fā)作患者,均符合1 《ICD-10》中關(guān)于雙相障礙躁狂發(fā)作的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),排除乙醇、藥物濫用史者、合并有嚴(yán)重器質(zhì)性疾病和妊娠期、哺乳期婦女。根據(jù)患者就診先后順序編號,采用隨機數(shù)字法分為兩組,利培酮組75例,男36例,女39例;年齡18~62(36.12±4.25)歲;病程11~36(16.53±5.42)個月。阿立哌唑組75例,男37例,女38例;年齡18~63(37.45±5.12)歲;病程12~35 (16.24±6.13)個月。兩組的基線資料比較無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異 (P>0.05)。本研究獲得我院倫理委員會的批準(zhǔn),所有患者均簽署知情同意書。
1.2 治療方法 兩組均給予口服碳酸鋰治療,初始劑量為 0.5 g/d,1 w內(nèi)逐漸增加劑量到 0.75~1.5 g/d。此外,利培酮組給予利培酮(西安楊森制藥有限公司,國藥準(zhǔn)字 H200010309),初始劑量為1 mg/d,每周加量1~2 mg,依據(jù)療效及不良反應(yīng)逐漸增加劑量,最大劑量≤6 mg/d;阿立哌唑組給予阿立哌唑(浙江大冢制藥公司,國藥準(zhǔn)字 H200605211),初始劑量為5 mg/d,每周加量5 mg,依據(jù)療效及不良反應(yīng)逐漸增加劑量,最大劑量≤30 mg/d。兩組均治療6 w。如患者出現(xiàn)失眠,夜間可使用羅拉西泮改善睡眠。治療期間不使用任何其他的抗精神病藥物進(jìn)行治療。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo) 分別在治療前和治療后1、2、4、6 w,采用躁狂量表(BRMS)評分評價療效,痊愈:BRMS降低≥75%;顯效:BRMS降低59%~75%;有效:BRMS降低 25%~59%;無效:BRMS降低<25%。分別在治療前及治療后3、6 w,采用副反應(yīng)癥狀評定量表(TESS),從實驗室檢查、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)毒性、體質(zhì)量和心電圖等方面的變化,對藥物不良反應(yīng)進(jìn)行評定。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法 應(yīng)用SPSS15.00軟件分析,組間比較采用t檢驗,組內(nèi)比較采用方差分析,組間率的比較采用χ2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組臨床療效的比較 治療6 w后,阿立哌唑組的治療總有效率為89.33%,明顯高于利培酮組的78.67%(P<0.05,表1)。
2.2 兩組BRMS評分的比較 與治療前相比,兩組治療后的BRMS評分均明顯降低(P<0.05),且阿立哌唑組在治療后1~6 w的BRMS評分均明顯低于利培酮組(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 兩組不良反應(yīng)比較 阿立哌唑組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為41.33%,明顯低于利培酮組的61.33%(P<0.05,表3)。
表1 兩組臨床療效的比較[n(%)]
表2 兩組BRMS評分的比較(n=75)
表3 兩組不良反應(yīng)比較[n(%)]
雙相障礙屬于心境障礙的一種,不但有躁狂發(fā)作,還有抑郁發(fā)作的雙重傾向,其癥狀具有多樣性,呈抑郁發(fā)作、躁狂發(fā)作、混合狀態(tài)、伴有或不伴有精神病性癥狀和快速循環(huán)發(fā)作[5-6]。雙相障礙躁狂發(fā)作易反復(fù)發(fā)作,如果不采取及時有效地治療和干預(yù)措施加以控制,會給患者及其家屬的生活質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重影響。目前,臨床上主要采取抗精神病藥物聯(lián)合情感穩(wěn)定劑對其進(jìn)行治療[7-8]。情感穩(wěn)定劑碳酸鋰不僅能調(diào)節(jié)5-羥色胺、去甲腎上腺素和多巴胺水平,還具有以下作用:參與并干擾膜泡運輸、離子運轉(zhuǎn)、細(xì)胞骨架再組合和信號傳導(dǎo);促進(jìn)作為興奮性遞質(zhì)的谷氨酸再攝取、使谷氨酸受體的功能降低;促進(jìn)腦內(nèi)兒茶酚胺的重吸收[9-10]。但碳酸鋰藥物起效時間較長,治療窗狹窄,毒副作用大,需經(jīng)常檢測血鋰水平,造成患者依從性較低,需要合用抗精神病藥物控制病情[11]。
在2004年,美國FDA批準(zhǔn)了阿立哌唑可作為治療雙相障礙急性躁狂發(fā)作的藥物,阿立哌唑自此被用作經(jīng)典的抗躁狂藥物的輔助治療藥物[12]。傳統(tǒng)的抗精神病藥物主要通過拮抗D2受體,第2代非典型抗精神病藥物則通過平衡拮抗D2/5-HT2,而阿立哌唑通過部分激動血清5-HTA受體、多巴胺D2受體活性和拮抗血清5 HT2A受體,調(diào)節(jié)突觸前多巴胺含量,從而達(dá)到抗精神病的治療目的[13-15]。由于具有穩(wěn)定多巴胺-5-羥色胺系統(tǒng)的獨特作用,被稱為第3代抗精神病藥物,能有效治療精神分裂癥的陽性和陰性不良癥狀,并能改善情感癥狀。利培酮為機體內(nèi)多種腦神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)受體的阻斷劑,能調(diào)節(jié)并平衡5-HT受體與DA受體的水平,發(fā)揮抗精神病的作用。
本研究對比分析了利培酮與阿立哌唑?qū)﹄p相障礙躁狂發(fā)作的臨床治療效果,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),阿立哌唑組的治療總有效率為89.33%,明顯高于利培酮組的78.67%(P<0.05),表明在治療雙相障礙躁狂發(fā)作中,阿立哌唑的療效優(yōu)于利培酮組。阿立哌唑組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為41.33%,明顯低于利培酮組的61.33%(P<0.05)。阿立哌唑組發(fā)生靜坐不能、肌張力增高和震顫等錐外體系不良反應(yīng)明顯少于利培酮組,原因可能是阿立哌唑能雙向調(diào)節(jié)多巴胺功能,當(dāng)多巴胺水平較高時,發(fā)揮拮抗的作用,降低多巴胺的活性;而當(dāng)多巴胺水平較低時,則能發(fā)揮激動作用,維持多巴胺必要的生物活性,并可拮抗 5-HT2A的功能。阿立哌唑組體質(zhì)量無一例增加,可能與其能持續(xù)抑制垂體D2受體,而對H受體和 5-HT2C阻斷作用較弱相關(guān)。
綜上所述,阿立哌唑?qū)﹄p相障礙躁狂發(fā)作有較好的治療效果及較高的安全性,可提高患者的治療信心和依從性,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
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Comparison of effects of risperidone and aripiprazole on treatment of bipolar disorder manic episode
Li Shaohua1,Li Yanjing2,Li Haixia3,Bai Shucun11.Community Mental Health Prevention and Rehabilitation Section,the Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Hospital,Xining,Qinghai,810007,China;2.Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Huangzhong County,Huangzhong,Qinghai,811600,China;3.Medical Technologic Department,the Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province,Xining,Qinghai,810007,China
Objective To compare the effects of risperidone and aripiprazole on treatment of bipolar disorder manic episode. Methods A total of 150 patients with bipolar disorder manic episode,who were admitted to the local severe mental disorders management and treatment project subsidized by the central authorities of Qinghai Province from January 2011 to December 2014,were selected and randomly divided into risperidone group and aripiprazole group.The two groups were treated by oral administration of lithium carbonate;additionally,the risperidone group was treated with risperidone and the aripiprazole group with aripiprazole. BRMS was used to evaluate the efficacy one,two,four and six weeks before and after the treatment;and TESS was applied to evaluate adverse drug reactions three and six weeks before and after the treatment.Results Six weeks after the treatment,the overall response rate(ORR)in the aripiprazole group was 89.33%,which was much higher than that(78.67%)in the risperidone group(P<0.05);the BRMS scores in the two groups after the treatment dropped greatly when compared with those before the treatment(P<0.05);the BRMS scores in the aripiprazole group one to six weeks after the treatment were significantly lower than those in the risperidone group(P<0.05);the incidence of adverse reactions in aripiprazole group was 41.33%,which was much lower than that(61.33%)in risperidone group(P<0.05).Conclusion Aripiprazole has better effects and higher safety on the treatment of bipolar disorder manic episode and is worth promoting and applying.
risperidone;aripiprazole;bipolar disorder;manic episode;efficacy;adverse reactions
R 749.41
A
1004-0188(2016)09-0994-03
10.3969/j.issn.1004-0188.2016.09.013
2016-03-04)
810007西寧,青海省第三人民醫(yī)院社會精神衛(wèi)生防治康復(fù)科(李少華,白樹存);湟中縣疾病預(yù)防控制中心(李延精);青海省第三人民醫(yī)院醫(yī)技科(李海霞)