劉紹晨,許倩,李健會(huì)
(河北承德醫(yī)學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院病理教研室,河北承德067000)
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Notch1基因沉默的人絨毛膜上皮癌細(xì)胞增殖及侵襲能力變化
劉紹晨,許倩,李健會(huì)
(河北承德醫(yī)學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院病理教研室,河北承德067000)
目的觀察Notch1基因沉默后人絨毛膜上皮癌細(xì)胞增殖及侵襲能力變化。方法查閱GenBank提供的Notch1序列(NM-001105721.1)設(shè)計(jì)引物,合成Notch1 siRNA。分離培養(yǎng)人絨毛膜上皮癌JEG-3細(xì)胞,分為A、B、C組。A組不做轉(zhuǎn)染,B組轉(zhuǎn)染control siRNA,C組轉(zhuǎn)染Notch1 siRNA。分別于轉(zhuǎn)染后12、24、36、48、60 h采用MTT法檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞增殖能力(OD值)。轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h采用Transwell侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞侵襲能力。轉(zhuǎn)染后72 h采用Western blotting法檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞中的MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白。結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)染后36、48、60 h C組OD值低于A、B組(P均<0.05)。A、B、C組穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)分別為(109±6)、(118±7)、(59±4)個(gè),C組與A、B相比,P均<0.05。A、B、C組細(xì)胞中MMP-2蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為0.91±0.08、0.87±0.01、0.29±0.05,MMP-9蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為0.85±0.04、0.79±0.03、0.35±0.05,C組MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量與A、B組相比,P均<0.05。結(jié)論Notch1基因沉默后,人絨毛膜上皮癌細(xì)胞增殖受到抑制,侵襲能力減弱。
絨毛膜上皮癌;Notch1基因;RNA干擾技術(shù)
絨毛膜上皮癌是一種高度惡性的滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞腫瘤,早期即可發(fā)生血行轉(zhuǎn)移,目前總體療效不滿意,患者5年生存率僅為43%[1,2]。近年來(lái)分子靶向治療日益受到關(guān)注[3],其在發(fā)揮更強(qiáng)抗腫瘤活性的同時(shí)減小了對(duì)正常細(xì)胞的毒性作用。Notch信號(hào)通路在細(xì)胞增殖、分化及凋亡中發(fā)揮重要作用,且與多種腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。Pang等[4]研究表明,Notch1可增強(qiáng)滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞的侵襲能力。Cobellis等[5]發(fā)現(xiàn)VEGF表達(dá)減少導(dǎo)致Notch蛋白表達(dá)下調(diào),影響滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞對(duì)子宮內(nèi)膜的可控性侵襲,與子癇前期發(fā)病有關(guān)。Notch信號(hào)通路可能參與了絨毛膜癌的發(fā)生。2014年6月~2015年10月,本研究借助RNA干擾(RNAi)技術(shù)沉默人絨毛膜上皮癌細(xì)胞中Notch1基因表達(dá),并觀察了細(xì)胞增殖及侵襲能力變化,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)細(xì)胞與材料人絨毛膜上皮癌JEG-3細(xì)胞系購(gòu)自中國(guó)科學(xué)院動(dòng)物研究所計(jì)劃生育與生殖生物學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,胎牛血清購(gòu)自杭州四季青生物公司,DMEM、MTT購(gòu)自美國(guó)Gibco BRL公司,HERAcell 150型CO2培養(yǎng)箱購(gòu)自德國(guó)Heraeus公司。
1.2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)與分組JEG-3細(xì)胞常規(guī)復(fù)蘇后,置于含10%胎牛血清、2 mmol/L谷丙酰胺、1 mmol/L丙酮酸鈉的DMEM培養(yǎng)液中,37 ℃、5% CO2條件下培養(yǎng)。3次傳代穩(wěn)定后用于實(shí)驗(yàn)。將細(xì)胞分為A、B、C組。
1.3Notch1 siRNA序列合成與轉(zhuǎn)染查閱GenBank提供的Notch1序列(NM-001105721.1)設(shè)計(jì)引物,由上海吉瑪公司合成。Notch1 siRNA序列為5′-CCGCCTTTGTGCTTCTGTT-3′,control siRNA序列為5′-UUTUCGCAUCGAGUCACGUCT-3′。將處于對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的各組細(xì)胞用胰酶消化,按2×105/孔接種于6孔板,加入無(wú)雙抗DMED培養(yǎng)基,細(xì)胞密度為60%。A、B、C組分別加入Opti-MEM培養(yǎng)基/LipofcctamieTM2000復(fù)合物、control siRNA/LipofcctamieTM2000復(fù)合物和Notch1 siRNA/LipofcctamieTM2000復(fù)合物,培養(yǎng)6 h后換DMEM完全培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48~72 h,之后消化吸收細(xì)胞備用。Western blotting法檢測(cè)各組Notch1蛋白,結(jié)果顯示C組Notch1蛋白表達(dá)水平低于A、B組。
1.4細(xì)胞增殖能力檢測(cè)分別于轉(zhuǎn)染后12、24、36、48、60 h測(cè)定細(xì)胞增殖能力。將各組對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期細(xì)胞以1×104/孔接種于96孔板內(nèi),過(guò)夜培養(yǎng)。將各融合蛋白稀釋加入孔中,A組加入NusA,37 ℃培養(yǎng),各孔加20 μL MTT溶液,室溫反應(yīng)4 h后棄上清,再加入150 μL DMSO,震蕩10 min,溶解結(jié)晶。使用酶標(biāo)儀測(cè)定490 nm波長(zhǎng)光密度值(OD值),代表細(xì)胞增殖能力。
1.5細(xì)胞侵襲能力檢測(cè)包被基底膜,將Matrigel膠與無(wú)血清DMEM培養(yǎng)基稀釋(比例為1∶8),取50 μL加入Transwell小室上室,風(fēng)干。水化基底膜,棄培養(yǎng)板中的殘留液體,加入50 μL無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)液。收集轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后的各組細(xì)胞,用含10 g/L 牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的無(wú)血清DMEM培養(yǎng)基重懸,使細(xì)胞密度為1×105/mL。接種200 μL細(xì)胞懸液到上室中,將小室置于含20%胎牛血清DMEM培養(yǎng)液的24孔板,孵育24 h,PBS淋洗,擦掉上室內(nèi)細(xì)胞,PBS洗3次,95%乙醇固定,結(jié)晶紫染色,倒置顯微鏡下(200×)隨機(jī)選取5個(gè)視野,計(jì)數(shù)穿過(guò)小室膜孔的細(xì)胞。
1.6細(xì)胞中MMP-2及MMP-9蛋白檢測(cè)收集轉(zhuǎn)染72 h后的細(xì)胞,采用Western blotting法檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞中的MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白,按試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)操作。圖像分析軟件分析灰度值,表示蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
2.1各組細(xì)胞增殖能力比較轉(zhuǎn)染后36、48、60 h C組OD值低于A、B組(P均<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
表1 各組轉(zhuǎn)染后不同時(shí)間OD值比較±s)
注:與A、B組相比,*P<0.05。
2.2各組細(xì)胞侵襲能力比較A、B、C組穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)分別為(109±6)、(118±7)、(59±4)個(gè),C組與A、B相比,P均<0.05。
2.3各組細(xì)胞中MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)比較A、B、C組細(xì)胞中MMP-2蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為0.91±0.08、0.87±0.01、0.29±0.05,MMP-9蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為0.85±0.04、0.79±0.03、0.35±0.05,C組MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量與A、B組相比,P均<0.05。
滋養(yǎng)層細(xì)胞在正常妊娠時(shí)呈現(xiàn)類似惡性腫瘤的特性,區(qū)別在于滋養(yǎng)層細(xì)胞對(duì)子宮內(nèi)膜組織的侵入受到嚴(yán)格調(diào)控,當(dāng)調(diào)控出現(xiàn)紊亂時(shí),則可能導(dǎo)致絨毛膜癌的發(fā)生。目前發(fā)現(xiàn)多種細(xì)胞因子及信號(hào)通路參與絨毛膜癌細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移侵襲[6~8]。Notch信號(hào)通路與腫瘤關(guān)系密切,在腫瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展及耐藥形成中均發(fā)揮重要作用。Notch1是腫瘤組織中最常表達(dá)的Notch家族成員之一,Notch1參與消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展[9~11]。研究[12~15]表明,Notch1信號(hào)通路相關(guān)基因突變是急性T淋巴細(xì)胞白血病發(fā)生的關(guān)鍵誘因。在細(xì)胞的增殖、凋亡及分化過(guò)程中,也有Notch1信號(hào)通路的參與[16~19]。
RNAi技術(shù)是通過(guò)siRNA介導(dǎo)、在mRNA水平將相應(yīng)序列基因關(guān)閉或沉默的過(guò)程,穩(wěn)定性、特異性高,成功率高,近年來(lái)被廣泛應(yīng)用于細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)及基因表達(dá)研究領(lǐng)域。我們通過(guò)siRNA技術(shù)沉默JEG-3細(xì)胞中Notch1基因表達(dá),結(jié)果顯示C組Notch1蛋白表達(dá)水平低于A、B組,提示通過(guò)RNAi技術(shù)沉默Notch1基因表達(dá)成功。C組轉(zhuǎn)染后36、48、60 h細(xì)胞增殖能力低于A、B組,轉(zhuǎn)染后48 h C組穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)少于A、B組,提示沉默Notch1基因表達(dá)可抑制JEG-3細(xì)胞增殖。
一項(xiàng)胰腺癌相關(guān)研究結(jié)果顯示,上調(diào)Notch1基因表達(dá)可活化NF-κB信號(hào)通路,使MMP-9表達(dá)增高,促進(jìn)腫瘤的浸潤(rùn)轉(zhuǎn)移;而應(yīng)用siRNA技術(shù)沉默Notch1基因后,則有抑制腫瘤侵襲的效果。Notch1信號(hào)通路可能通過(guò)調(diào)控MMP-9表達(dá)從而調(diào)節(jié)胰腺癌細(xì)胞的侵襲過(guò)程。目前普遍認(rèn)為,細(xì)胞間黏附力降低和基底膜、細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)降解是腫瘤細(xì)胞侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移的重要步驟。MMP不僅可以降解細(xì)胞外基質(zhì),還可結(jié)合并活化腫瘤細(xì)胞膜上的跨膜蛋白,從而促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移。我們通過(guò)Transwell侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),C組穿膜細(xì)胞數(shù)較A、B明顯減少,且細(xì)胞中MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)下調(diào),提示Notch1沉默后JEG-3細(xì)胞侵襲能力減弱,可能是通過(guò)下調(diào)MMP-2、MMP-9表達(dá)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
結(jié)合上述研究結(jié)果,我們認(rèn)為,Notch1沉默后人絨毛膜上皮癌細(xì)胞增殖受到抑制,細(xì)胞侵襲能力減弱,Notch信號(hào)通路有望成為人絨毛膜上皮癌新的治療靶點(diǎn)。
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Changes in proliferation and invasive abilities of human chorionic epithelioma cells after silencing Notch1 gene
LIU Shaochen,XU Qian,LI Jianhui
(Pathology and Pathophysiology of Hebei Chengde Medical College,Chengde 067000,China)
ObjectiveTo observe the changes in the proliferation and invasive abilities of human chorionic epithelioma cells after silencing Notch1 gene.MethodsWe looked up Notch1 sequence (NM 001105721.1) design primers provided by Genbank to synthesize Notch1 siRNA.Human chorionic epithelioma cells JEG-3 were cultivated and divided into groups A,B and C.The group B was transfected by control siRNA,group C was transfected by Notch1 siRNA and group A without any transfection.12,24,36,48,60 hours after transfection,the cell proliferation ability was determined by MTT in each group,and the invasion ability was detected by Transwell invasive experiment.The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein was detected by Western blotting 72 h after transfection.ResultsThe cell proliferation ability of group C at 36 h,48 h and 60 h after transfection was lower than those of groups A and B (all P<0.05).The number of cells penetrating the membrane in the groups A,B and C were 109±6,118±7 and 59±4; significant difference was found between group C and groups A and B (all P<0.05).The relative expression of MMP-2 of groups A,B and C was 0.91±0.08,0.87±0.01 and 0.29±0.05,respectively.The relative expression of MMP-9 of groups A,B and C was 0.85±0.04,0.79±0.03 and 0.35±0.05,respectively.The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the group C was lower than that of groups A and B (all P<0.05).ConclusionThe cell proliferation of human chorionic epithelioma is inhibited and the invasive ability is decreased after silencing Notch1 gene.
chorionic epithelioma; Notch1 gene; RNA interference
河北省高等學(xué)??茖W(xué)研究計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(QN2014011);河北省病理學(xué)與病理生理學(xué)重點(diǎn)學(xué)科;河北省人口和計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì)科技研究計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(ZL20140231)。
劉紹晨(1976-),男,講師,主要研究方向?yàn)槟[瘤病理學(xué)。E-mail:liusgaochen6666@126.com
劉紹晨
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.19.004
R737.3
A
1002-266X(2016)19-0012-03
2015-11-30)