劉尚國,秦秀廣,趙寶生△,王天云,齊博,李漢臣
hsa-miR-144在食管鱗癌中的表達及臨床意義
劉尚國1,秦秀廣1,趙寶生1△,王天云2,齊博1,李漢臣1
摘要:目的探討hsa-miR-144在食管鱗癌中的表達情況及其與食管鱗癌臨床病理特征及預(yù)后的關(guān)系。方法采用熒光定量逆轉(zhuǎn)錄聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(RT-PCR)對46例食管鱗癌及癌旁正常組織中的hsa-miR-144進行檢測。考察hsa-miR-144在食管鱗癌中的表達情況及其在不同性別、年齡、腫瘤大小等臨床病理特征中表達水平的差異。分析hsa-miR-144表達與食管鱗癌患者預(yù)后間的關(guān)系。Kaplan-Meier法和Log-rank考察不同臨床病理特征的預(yù)后生存率差異。結(jié)果hsa-miR-144在食管鱗癌組織中的相對表達量0.97(0.22,24.48)×10-6低于癌旁正常組織8.60 (0.09,258.20)×10-6(Z=2.221,P<0.05)。在食管鱗癌組織中,hsa-miR-144的表達水平淋巴結(jié)無轉(zhuǎn)移者高于有轉(zhuǎn)移者;且隨著病理分期的升高其表達水平降低(P<0.05),而在性別、年齡、腫瘤大小、腫瘤部位、腫瘤分化程度、腫瘤浸潤深度中差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P>0.05)。hsa-miR-144表達與食管鱗癌患者生存時間不存在相關(guān)性(rs=0.031,P= 0.839)。hsa-miR-144高表達組與低表達組的生存時間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義;淋巴結(jié)有轉(zhuǎn)移者生存情況較無轉(zhuǎn)移者差,浸潤深度較深和病理分期較高者生存情況較差(P<0.05)。結(jié)論hsa-miR-144在食管鱗癌組織中表達下調(diào),與食管癌的淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及病理分期有關(guān),hsa-miR-144在食管鱗癌的發(fā)生及發(fā)展中可能起著抑癌基因作用。
關(guān)鍵詞:逆轉(zhuǎn)錄聚合酶鏈反應(yīng);預(yù)后;因素分析;統(tǒng)計學(xué);hsa-miR-144;食管鱗癌
基金項目:新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學(xué)院重點研究領(lǐng)域招標(biāo)課題資助項目(ZD2011-8)
作者單位:1新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院胸外科(郵編453100);2新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學(xué)院
作者簡介:劉尚國(1969),男,碩士,主要從事食管癌疾病的研究
△
通訊作者E-mail:drbszhao@163.com
食管癌是消化系統(tǒng)常見的惡性腫瘤之一,發(fā)病率高,預(yù)后差。miRNAs是近年來新發(fā)現(xiàn)的一類內(nèi)源性非編碼小RNA,在腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程中起著癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,miRNAs表達失調(diào)與食管癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[1]。人類基因組編碼了超過1 000個miRNAs[2]。筆者前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了包括hsa-miR-144在內(nèi)的770個miRNAs食管癌表達譜[3]。目前,有關(guān)hsa-miR-144在人類食管癌中的研究尚少見相關(guān)報道。本研究旨在應(yīng)用熒光定量逆轉(zhuǎn)錄聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(RT-PCR)對食管鱗癌組織中的hsa-miR-144進行檢測,分析其與食管鱗癌病理特征及預(yù)后的關(guān)系。
1.1一般資料收集2006年9月—2009年12月于新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院胸外科行手術(shù)切除的食管鱗癌標(biāo)本46例,男23例,女23例,年齡45~73歲,中位年齡59歲,均經(jīng)2名高年資病理醫(yī)師確定。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):臨床病理資料及術(shù)后隨訪資料完整,術(shù)后病理證實為食管鱗癌,術(shù)前未接受放射治療或化學(xué)治療。腫瘤>5 cm者19例,≤5 cm者27例;高、中及低分化者分別為11、19、16例;淋巴結(jié)有轉(zhuǎn)移者19例,無轉(zhuǎn)移者27例;浸潤深度達黏膜層者(Tis,T1)8例,肌肉層者(T2)6例,外膜者(T3)32例;腫瘤位于胸上段者4例,胸中段者35例,胸下段者7例;術(shù)后TNM病理分期0~Ⅰ期者7例,Ⅱa~Ⅱb期者21例,Ⅲ期者18例。取對應(yīng)的距腫瘤邊緣5 cm以上的癌旁正常食管黏膜組織(組織病理切片證實)作對照。
1.2RT-PCR檢測hsa-miR-144的相對表達量 (1)提取RNA。采用Trizol一步法提取食管鱗癌組織細胞中的總RNA,操作按照RNA提取試劑盒(Invitrogen,USA)說明書進行。分光光度計分別測定波長230、260及280 nm處的吸光度值,確定總RNA的純度和濃度。甲醛變性瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測總RNA樣品中28 s和18 s的比例,鑒定其純度和完整性。(2)反轉(zhuǎn)錄。采用Taqman miRNAs反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒和miRNAs特異性莖環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)(stem-loop)反轉(zhuǎn)錄引物進行反轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng)。將反轉(zhuǎn)錄體系混勻,1 200 r/min離心2次,每次1 min。加入3 μL總RNA。反轉(zhuǎn)錄條件:16℃孵育2 min,42℃反應(yīng)1 min,50℃反應(yīng)1 s,40個循環(huán),再85℃孵育5 min,4℃終止反應(yīng)。反轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物置于冰上備用。(3)預(yù)擴增。將PCR反應(yīng)體系混勻,1 200 r/min離心2次,每次1 min。反應(yīng)條件:95℃10 min,55℃、72℃分別反應(yīng)2 min,95℃15 s,60℃40 min,12個循環(huán),99.9℃孵育10 min。加入0.1×TE (pH8.0)75 μL,混勻,-20℃保存?zhèn)溆?。?)相對表達量測定。漩渦混勻TaqMan?通用PCR預(yù)混PCR反應(yīng)液。PCR反應(yīng)體系包括450 μL 2×TaqMan?通用PCR預(yù)混反應(yīng)液、9 μL Pre?Amp產(chǎn)物、441 μL無核酸酶水,共900 μL。hsa-miR-144熒光定量PCR引物,將PCR反應(yīng)體系混勻,1 200 r/min離心2次,每次1 min。在Taqman miRNA Array的每個孔中加100 μL PCR反應(yīng)混合液,1 200 r/min離心2次,每次1 min。反應(yīng)條件:94.5℃反應(yīng)10 min,97℃30 s,59.7℃1 min,40個循環(huán)反應(yīng)。以U6 snRNA管家基因作為內(nèi)參,相對定量法計算基因的表達量,以2-△△ct表示。
1.3結(jié)果判斷考察hsa-miR-144在食管鱗癌中的表達情況及其在不同性別、年齡、腫瘤大小等臨床病理特征中的表達差異。分析hsa-miR-144表達水平與食管鱗癌患者預(yù)后生存時間的關(guān)系。生存期為食管癌手術(shù)后至患者死亡或隨訪截止日期的時間。隨訪時間2006年9月—2014年9月,1~96個月。至隨訪截止日,31例死亡,13例生存。
1.4統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行統(tǒng)計分析。不符合正態(tài)分布的數(shù)據(jù)采用M(P25,P75)表示,2組間數(shù)據(jù)比較用Mann-Whitney U檢驗,多組間比較用Kruskal-Wallis H檢驗。hsa-miR-144表達與食管鱗癌患者預(yù)后間的關(guān)系采用Spearman等級相關(guān)分析。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法和Log-rank檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1hsa-miR-144在食管鱗癌中的表達hsamiR-144 cDNA Ct值為27~39,PCR擴增效率理想,hsa-miR-144在食管鱗癌組織中的相對表達量0.97(0.22,24.48)×10-6低于癌旁正常組織中的表達量8.60(0.09,258.20)×10-6(Z=2.221,P<0.05)。
2.2hsa-miR-144表達與食管鱗癌臨床病理特征的關(guān)系在食管鱗癌組織中,hsa-miR-144的表達水平淋巴結(jié)無轉(zhuǎn)移者高于有轉(zhuǎn)移者,且隨著病理分期的升高其表達水平降低(P<0.05),而在不同性別、年齡、腫瘤大小、腫瘤部位、腫瘤分化程度、腫瘤浸潤深度中差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(均P>0.05),見表1。
2.3hsa-miR-144表達與食管鱗癌患者預(yù)后的關(guān)系hsa-miR-144表達水平與食管鱗癌患者預(yù)后之間不存在相關(guān)性(rs=0.031,P=0.839)。
2.4不同病理特征的預(yù)后生存率分析hsa-miR-144高表達組與低表達組生存率差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義;但淋巴結(jié)有轉(zhuǎn)移者生存情況較無轉(zhuǎn)移者差,浸潤深度較深和病理分期較高者生存情況較差(P<0.05),見表1。
食管癌的發(fā)生是一個復(fù)雜的過程,目前其臨床治療仍以手術(shù)、放療及化療等為主,但存活率較低。從基因水平尋找特定的生物標(biāo)志物,建立有效的早期預(yù)防及診斷方法成為當(dāng)今腫瘤研究的熱點[4]。近年來隨著miRNAs的發(fā)現(xiàn),miRNAs與食管癌組織類型、分期和預(yù)后等的關(guān)系,以及miRNAs對食管癌細胞增殖、轉(zhuǎn)移和浸潤的調(diào)控機制研究受到關(guān)注[5]。
miRNAs是一類長度為21~25個核苷酸非編碼的單鏈RNA分子。通常情況下,幾乎在所有的腫瘤中均有miRNAs異常表達,相關(guān)基因參與體內(nèi)基本信號傳導(dǎo)途徑,通過調(diào)節(jié)mRNA的翻譯而調(diào)控許多重要腫瘤相關(guān)基因的表達。研究顯示,在食管癌中表達異常的miRNAs有has-miR-205、has-miR-335、has-miR-181d、has-miR-25、has-miR-7、hasmiR-495、hsa-miR-126及hsa-miR-518b[6-8]。另有研究顯示,近年來食管腺癌的發(fā)病率在歐美等西方國家顯著上升,我國食管癌則一直以食管鱗癌為主,食管腺癌的發(fā)病率未見明顯增長[9]。
近年來研究已證實,循環(huán)中的miRNAs以穩(wěn)定的形式存在于血漿、尿液等體液中,可以作為疾病特異、敏感的生物標(biāo)志物[10]。相關(guān)研究證實,hsamiR-144參與結(jié)腸癌[11]、直腸癌[12]、甲狀腺癌[13]等多種腫瘤的發(fā)生與發(fā)展,這為腫瘤的診斷提供了一種可定量、非侵入性的新方法。在食管癌方面,Xie等[14]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),食管癌患者唾液中可檢測出miR-144、miR-21等6種miRNAs,而他們有可能是食管癌的潛在生物標(biāo)志物。本研究顯示,hsa-miR-144在食管鱗癌組織中的表達量低于癌旁正常組織,推測hsa-miR-144在食管鱗癌的發(fā)生中亦可能起著抑癌基因的作用。此外,hsa-miR-144在淋巴結(jié)無轉(zhuǎn)移者中的表達量高于有轉(zhuǎn)移者;且其表達量隨著病理分期的升高而降低,提示hsa-miR-144在食管癌的進展及轉(zhuǎn)移過程中可能起著抑癌基因作用。
Tab.1 Comparison of relationship between expression of hsa-miR-144 and clinicopathological features in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma表1 不同臨床病理特征的食管鱗癌患者hsa-miR-144表達及生存時間的比較
Guo等[7]通過對31對原發(fā)食管鱗狀上皮癌組織和臨近正常組織進行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-103的低表達和食管癌患者較高的生存率相關(guān)。Ogawa等[15]發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-129過度表達與食管鱗癌低生存率密切相關(guān)。目前,國內(nèi)外尚少見有關(guān)hsa-miR-144表達與食管癌預(yù)后關(guān)系的研究。本研究結(jié)果顯示,hsamiR-144表達與食管鱗癌患者預(yù)后不存在相關(guān)性,hsa-miR-144高表達組與低表達組生存率差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,分析原因可能與本研究患者治療方案均為手術(shù)切除,而食管癌患者的預(yù)后受一般狀況、病理分期及治療方案等多種因素影響。
綜上所述,hsa-miR-144在食管鱗癌中表達下調(diào),并與食管鱗癌的淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和病理分期有關(guān),但確切作用機制仍需要進一步研究。開展對hsamiR-144的功能研究將為診斷、治療和預(yù)防食管鱗癌提供重要的參考依據(jù)。
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(2015-09-02收稿2016-01-25修回)
(本文編輯陸榮展)
中圖分類號:R735.1
文獻標(biāo)志碼:A
DOI:10.11958/20150122
The expression and clinical significance of hsa-miR-144 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
LIU Shangguo1,QIN Xiuguang1,ZHAO Baosheng1△,WANG Tianyun2,QI Bo1,LI Hanchen1
1 Department of Thoracic Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453100,China;2 Xinxiang Medical University
△Corresponding AuthorE-mail:drbszhao@163.com
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of hsa-miR-144 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis.MethodsReverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)method was used to detect the hsa-miR-144 in 46 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissue.The expression of hsa-miR-144 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its difference in the clinicopatho?logical characteristics including gender,age,and tumor size were investigated.The relationship between the expression of hsa-miR-144 and prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was analyzed.Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used to analyse the differences in survival rates in different pathological characteristics.ResultsThe ex?pression level of hsa-miR-144 was lower in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma0.97(0.22-24.48)×10-6than that of adjacent normal tissue 8.60(0.09-258.20)×10-6,the difference was statistically significant(Z=2.221,P<0.05).The expression level of hsa-miR-144 was higher in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with no lymph node metastasis than that in esophageal squa?mous cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis(Z=2.758,P<0.05),and the expression level decreased with the increase in the pathological staging(Z=7.737,P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the expression levels of hsa-miR-144 between different gender,age,tumor size,tumor location,tumor differentiation and tumor invasion depth(all P>0.05).There was no correlation between the expression of hsa-miR-144 and prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcino?ma(rs=0.031,P=0.839).In the survival rate,there was no statistic significance between high expressive of hsa-miR-144 group and low expressive group(P=0.828).The survival rate was lower in patients with lymph node metastasis than that of pa?tients without lymph node metastasis.The survival rates were lower in patients with relatively deep invasion and higher patho?logic stage(P<0.05).ConclusionThe expression of hsa-miR-144 is down regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcino?ma,and which is associated with lymph node metastasis and pathological staging of esophageal carcinoma.It shows that hsamiR-144 may serve as an anti-oncogene in the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Key words:reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction;prognosis;factor analysis;statistical;hsa-miR-144; esophageal squamous cell carcinoma