戴小麗,韓中保,楊友田,邱 靜,劉一飛
(1.鹽城衛(wèi)生職業(yè)技術(shù)學院臨床醫(yī)學院,江蘇鹽城 224005;2.江蘇省鹽城市第三人民醫(yī)院病理科 224001;3.南通大學附屬醫(yī)院病理科 226001)
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Pim-3與NF-κB在乳腺浸潤性導管癌中的表達及相關(guān)性研究*
戴小麗1,韓中保1,楊友田1,邱靜2,劉一飛3
(1.鹽城衛(wèi)生職業(yè)技術(shù)學院臨床醫(yī)學院,江蘇鹽城 224005;2.江蘇省鹽城市第三人民醫(yī)院病理科224001;3.南通大學附屬醫(yī)院病理科226001)
[摘要]目的探討Pim-3與NF-κB在乳腺浸潤性導管癌發(fā)病中的作用。方法用免疫組織化學技術(shù)SP法,檢測Pim-3與NF-κB在75例乳腺浸潤性導管癌、21例乳腺導管內(nèi)癌及30例正常乳腺組織中的表達,分析它們與乳腺癌臨床病理因素的關(guān)系及兩者的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果在乳腺浸潤性導管癌中Pim-3的陽性表達率為77.3%、NF-κB為68.0%,在乳腺導管內(nèi)癌中Pim-3的陽性表達率為52.4%、NF-κB為42.9%,在正常乳腺組織中Pim-3的陽性表達率為23.3%、NF-κB為16.7%。Pim-3陽性表達率與腫瘤直徑、組織學分級、臨床病理分期,NF-κB陽性表達率與腫瘤直徑、組織學分級、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移有相關(guān)性。Spearmen秩相關(guān)分析,乳腺癌中Pim-3的陽性表達與NF-κB陽性表達呈正相關(guān)(r=0.243)。結(jié)論Pim-3與NF-κB在乳腺癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展中具有重要的促進作用,其陽性表達對預(yù)后的判斷具參考作用。
[關(guān)鍵詞]乳腺浸潤性導管癌;Pim-3;真核細胞轉(zhuǎn)錄因子B
2012年歐洲女性最常見的惡性腫瘤與最主要的死因是乳腺癌,預(yù)計2020年發(fā)病率還會進一步上升[1]。Pim-3是Pim(proviral integration of moloney murine leukemia virus,Pim)家族成員之一,該家族是編碼絲/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶的原癌基因,其抑制細胞凋亡是通過磷酸化相關(guān)凋亡因子、干擾細胞周期而達到,對于腫瘤的發(fā)生與侵襲生長起重要作用[2]。真核細胞核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子B(nuclear factor-κappaB,NF-κB)[3]是一種轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,與腫瘤細胞增殖密切相關(guān),促進腫瘤侵襲生長與轉(zhuǎn)移,在多種惡性腫瘤中有表達。關(guān)于Pim-3在乳腺浸潤性導管癌中表達,及其與NF-κB之間的相關(guān)性研究較少,本研究旨在通過統(tǒng)計分析研究Pim-3與NF-κB在乳腺浸潤性導管癌中的表達,來探討兩者的關(guān)系及可能的作用機制。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料組織標本收集時間為2013年1~12月,鹽城市第三人民醫(yī)院病理科新鮮乳腺浸潤性導管癌組織75例,同期正常乳腺組織(為切除的良性病變組織)30例,以及乳腺導管內(nèi)癌組織21例?;颊呔鶠榕裕挲g23~71歲,參照國際抗癌聯(lián)盟(UICC)標準進行臨床TNM分期,采用《腫瘤組織病理學診斷》標準分級,在手術(shù)前所有患者均未進行化療、放療及其他治療。
1.2方法
1.2.1免疫組織化學(SP)染色石蠟標本選取4 μm厚度連續(xù)切片,水中展片、撈片溫度45 ℃,烤片溫度65 ℃,靜置1.5 h后備用于常溫干燥環(huán)境。采用Envision二步法進行SP染色,陰性對照使用磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)代替一抗,陽性對照使用已知陽性切片。
1.2.2染色結(jié)果判斷Pim-3與NF-κB的染色結(jié)果判定標準根據(jù)Shimizu法[4]改良而成:顯微鏡下細胞質(zhì)顯示棕褐色或棕黃色顆粒判斷為陽性著色。結(jié)合染色強度與著色范圍進行判斷,由兩位有經(jīng)驗的病理醫(yī)師對各張切片進行盲讀,結(jié)合著色的范圍與強度綜合判斷。
1.3統(tǒng)計學處理采用SPSS18.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行分析,計數(shù)資料采用率表示,使用χ2檢驗分析,使用Spearman秩相關(guān)分析Pim-3與NF-κB表達的相關(guān)性,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1Pim-3、NF-κB在乳腺浸潤性導管癌中的表達Pim-3主要表達于細胞質(zhì),為棕褐色和棕黃色顆粒; NF-κB主要表達于細胞質(zhì),少量有細胞膜、細胞核表達,為棕黃色細顆粒(圖1)。Pim-3在乳腺浸潤性導管癌中陽性58例,陰性17例;在乳腺導管內(nèi)癌中陽性11例,陰性10例;在正常乳腺組織中陽性7例,陰性23例。NF-κB在乳腺浸潤性導管癌中陽性51例,陰性24例;在乳腺導管內(nèi)癌中陽性9例,陰性12例;在正常乳腺組織中陽性5例,陰性25例;不同組織中Pim-3與NF-κB陽性率表達差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2Pim-3、NF-κB表達與乳腺浸潤性導管癌臨床病理因素之間的關(guān)系Pim-3陽性表達與有無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、TNM分期有關(guān)(P<0.05),且隨腫瘤直徑增大、組織惡性程度增高,陽性表達率升高;NF-κB陽性表達與組織學分級、有無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、TNM分期有關(guān)(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3乳腺浸潤性導管癌組織中Pim-3、NF-κB表達的相關(guān)性分析Pim-3與NF-κB均陰性者為12.0%(9/75),NF-κB表達在Pim-3陰性表達中的表達率為52.9%(9/17),Pim-3與NF-κB均陽性者為57.3%(43/75),NF-κB表達在Pim-3陽性表達中的表達率為74.1%(43/58),二者的表達呈正相關(guān)(r=0.243,P<0.05),見表3。
A:乳腺浸潤性導管癌Ⅰ級,Pim-3陽性(×200);B:乳腺浸潤性導管癌Ⅱ級,NF-κB陽性(×100);C:乳腺浸潤性導管癌Ⅲ級,Pim-3陽性(×100)。
圖1 乳腺浸潤性導管癌組織中Pim-3、NF-κB陽性表達的SP染色結(jié)果
表2 Pim-3及NF-κB的表達與乳腺浸潤性導管癌
續(xù)表2 Pim-3及NF-κB的表達與乳腺浸潤性導管癌
表3 Pim-3與NF-κB在乳腺浸潤性導管癌
3討論
乳腺癌是最常見的女性惡性腫瘤,其預(yù)后除腫瘤生物學特性外,主要與早期診斷密切相關(guān),本研究通過免疫組織化學SP法聯(lián)合檢測Pim-3與NF-κB的表達,探討其與乳腺癌臨床病理因素的相關(guān)性,旨在評價其在乳腺癌的臨床病理診斷與預(yù)后判斷中的價值。
Pim-3的統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表明,與良性病變相比,乳腺癌組織中Pim-3表達上調(diào),可能是由于Pim-3高表達可抑制細胞凋亡相關(guān)因子,幫助腫瘤細胞逃避凋亡,使腫瘤得以發(fā)生[4-7]; 此外,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其陽性表達與乳腺癌組織學分級、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移正相關(guān),有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Pim-3表達可促進下游細胞因子,如VEGF、cyclinD1表達,從而促進腫瘤血管生長得以轉(zhuǎn)移侵襲[8-10]。
NF-κB在腫瘤組織中陽性表達比正常組織高,其表達與腫瘤惡性程度與乳腺癌分化級別呈正相關(guān),與文獻結(jié)果相符[11]??赡艿脑蚴钱惓;罨腘F-κB引起細胞周期的調(diào)節(jié)失控,從而使細胞趨于無限增殖和分裂,惡性腫瘤得以形成[12]。并且NF-κB高表達激活其對其下游許多黏附、轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)因子的基因產(chǎn)物如VEGF的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控,從而促進腫瘤的侵襲與轉(zhuǎn)移[13]。
國外學者研究證實,Pim-3異常表達可減弱體內(nèi)的細胞正常凋亡程序,啟動IKK/NF-κB信號轉(zhuǎn)導通路,使細胞凋亡基因抑制子(IAP)的表達上調(diào),從而使腫瘤細胞得以生存,并且可促進腫瘤細胞發(fā)生、發(fā)展[14];而活化NF-κB又會促使cMyc、cyclinD1等腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移因子表達,通過p38MAPK等途徑,從而激活下游iNOS、COX-2等相關(guān)因子,誘發(fā)VEGF家族多個成員的表達,幫助腫瘤的血管與淋巴管生成,對腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移與浸潤生長起顯著的促進作用[15]。
本研究表明,Pim-3高表達與乳腺癌的發(fā)生與惡性進展密切相關(guān);NF-κB陽性表達不僅可作為乳腺癌的輔助診斷依據(jù),也可作為判斷生物學行為與評估乳腺癌患者預(yù)后的重要指標。提示了Pim-3、NF-κB在腫瘤發(fā)生與惡性侵襲,如血管與淋巴管生成中的作用,提示在Pim-3、NF-κB之間可能存在一條促進腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移與侵襲生長的通路,筆者將會在今后的研究中進一步求證探討,Pim-3、NF-κB的這種抑制腫瘤細胞凋亡和促進腫瘤血管與淋巴管形成的特點,可能成為未來抗腫瘤治療的新靶點,具有重要的臨床意義。
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Correlated expression of Pim-3 and NF-κB in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast*
Dai Xiaoli1,Han Zhongbao1,Yang Youtian1,Qiu Jing2,Liu Yifei3
(1.DepartmentofClinicalScience,YanchengInstituteofHealthScience,Yancheng,Jiangsu224005,China;2.DepartmentofPathology,theThirdPeople′sHospitalofYancheng,Yancheng,Jiangsu224001,China;3.DepartmentofPathology,theAffiliatedHospitalofNantongUniversity,Nantong,Jiangsu226001,China)
[Abstract]Objectiveto investigate the role of Pim-3 and NF-κB in the development and progression of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast.MethodsHere,we used immunohistochemistry to detect expression of Pim-3 and NF-κB in 75 samples of infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma,21 samples of intraductal breast carcinoma and 30 normal breast tissues.The relationship of their expression,as well as their correlation with clinicopathological features and patient survival were assessed.ResultsIn contrast,both Pim-3 and NF-κB were more commonly detected in infiltrating ductal carcinoma than in intraductal carcinoma and normal tissue.In the infiltrating ductal carcinoma,the positive expression rate of Pim-3 was 77.3%,and that of NF-κB was 68.0%;in ductal carcinoma of the breast,the positive expression rate of Pim-3 was 52.4%,and that of NF-κB was 42.9%;in the normal breast tissue,the positive expression rate of Pim-3 was 23.3%,and that of NF-κB was 16.7%;the positive expression rate of Pim-3 was correlated with tumor size,histological grade,and clinicopathological stage;and that of NF-κB was correlated with tumor size,histological grade,lymph node metastasis of breast cancer.Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between Pim-3 expression and NF-κB expression in infiltrating breast cancer(r=0.243).ConclusionOur results demonstrate that Pim-3 and NF-κB play a role in the initiation and development of breast cancer,thus,these proteins may serve as useful diagnostic and prognostic markers of invasive breast cancer.
[Key words]infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast;proviral integration of moloney murine leukemia virus -3;nuclear factor- κappaB
doi:論著·臨床研究10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2016.16.016
*基金項目:江蘇省鹽城市醫(yī)學科技發(fā)展計劃基金資助項目(YK2013057)。
作者簡介:戴小麗(1981-),講師、主治醫(yī)師,碩士,主要從腺癌病理學與臨床研究。
[中圖分類號]R737.9
[文獻標識碼]A
[文章編號]1671-8348(2016)16-2212-03
(收稿日期:2015-12-11修回日期:2016-02-26)