王富民,張寰,許芳秀,曲金力,孔金玉,錢碧云,3,4
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非吸煙女性肺腺癌組織中miRNAs的表達與表皮生長因子受體關系的研究
王富民1,2,張寰1,許芳秀1,曲金力1,孔金玉1,錢碧云1,3,4
摘要:目的探討非吸煙女性肺腺癌(ADC)組織中miR-155、miR-16、miR-25及miR-133a的表達與表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)的關系及其臨床意義。方法112例非吸煙女性ADC患者按EGFR類型分為EGFR野生型組(n= 51)和EGFR突變型組(n=61)。用實時熒光定量PCR定量檢測2組ADC組織中4種miRNAs的表達量,比較2組4種miRNAs表達水平的差異。4種miRNAs表達量以平均數分層為高表達組和低表達組,比較2亞組患者間的生存差異。按年齡( 60歲,>60歲)、EGFR類型和miRNAs的表達量分層,進行Kaplan-Meier生存分析和Cox比例風險回歸模型檢驗。結果EGFR突變型組miR-25的表達水平高于EGFR野生型組(P<0.05)。不同年齡分層、不同EGFR類型組、miR-155、miR-16及miR-133a表達量患者的生存率差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,miR-25低表達者的生存率較高表達者更高(P<0.05)。在EGFR突變型組中4種miRNAs的表達量與ADC預后無關(P>0.05);在EGFR野生型組中miR-16、miR-25、miR-133a低表達者較高表達者生存率更高(P<0.05)。Cox比例風險回歸分析顯示,miR-25高表達是非吸煙女性ADC患者預后死亡的獨立危險因素(P<0.05)。結論miR-25是非吸煙女性ADC的獨立預后指標。miR-25在非吸煙女性ADC,特別是在EGFR野生型的患者中表達升高,可能提示患者預后不佳。
關鍵詞:受體,表皮生長因子;吸煙;性別因素;基因表達;肺腺癌;miR-155;miR-16;miR-25;miR-133a
作者單位:1天津醫(yī)科大學腫瘤醫(yī)院,腫瘤研究所腫瘤分子流行病與生物統(tǒng)計研究室,國家腫瘤臨床研究中心,天津市腫瘤防治重點實驗室(郵編300060);2天津醫(yī)科大學研究生院;3上海交通大學公共衛(wèi)生學院;4上海交通大學醫(yī)學院虹橋國際醫(yī)學研究院
肺癌是一種最常見的惡性腫瘤,已位居全部惡性腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率的首位[1]。雖然吸煙已被明確認為是肺癌的危險因素,但是肺癌在非吸煙人群中發(fā)病率也呈增加趨勢[2]。亞洲人群中非吸煙所致的肺癌在整個肺癌患者占很大的比例。研究證實,表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)細胞突變對表皮生長因子受體酪氨酸激酶抑制劑(EGFR-TKIs)藥物的反應性更好,對此藥物敏感的患者主要為亞洲非吸煙女性肺腺癌(ADC)者[3]。因此,ADC發(fā)生發(fā)展中進行分子標志物的研究對ADC的預防和治療有重要意義。微小核糖核酸(miRNAs)是一類長約22個單位的內源性非編碼的單鏈小分子RNA,通過特異性地與靶基因信使RNA(mRNA)的3′端非翻譯區(qū)互補結合,可抑制或者降解mRNA的翻譯,進而調控靶基因。越來越多的研究表明,特定的miRNAs失調可導致各種疾病,尤其是癌癥的發(fā)生和發(fā)展過程,包括肺癌[4- 5]。目前,有關在非吸煙女性ADC患者中
miRNAs和EGFR關系的研究報道較少。本研究旨在探討4種miRNAs——miR-155、miR-16、miR-25
及miR-133a在非吸煙女性ADC患者組織中的表達情況,并分析它們與EGFR突變和預后的關系。
1.1一般資料選取2007年7月—2011年8月于天津醫(yī)科大學腫瘤醫(yī)院行肺癌切除術的患者組織樣本112例,均經肺癌病理確診組織學類型為ADC。所有患者均為非吸煙女性,年齡34~80歲,平均(57.95±9.81)歲。本研究經天津醫(yī)科大學倫理委員會認可。主要儀器和試劑:總RNA提取試劑Trizol、miRNA特異性逆轉錄引物、逆轉錄試劑盒、miRNAs特異性TaqManMGB探針引物及TaqMan PCR Master Mix(No UDG)均購自美國應用生物系統(tǒng)公司。相關引物由TaKaRa公司合成,有關探針序列,見表1。
1.2 miR-155、miR-16、miR-25及miR-133a表達檢測(1)提取組織總RNA。取冷存的ADC組織樣本50 mg在液氮中研磨至粉末狀,加1 mL Trizol并按說明書提取總RNA,Nano?Drop 2000c(Thermo公司)微量紫外分光光度計檢測RNA濃度和純度,1%瓊脂凝膠電泳鑒定RNA完整性,稀釋到50mg/L,-80℃保存。(2)cDNA合成。根據試劑盒說明書,采用miRNA莖環(huán)結構特異性逆轉錄引物和miRNA逆轉錄試劑盒進行,總反應體系為15 μL。逆轉錄反應條件:16℃30 min,42℃30 min,85℃5 min。cDNA樣本在-20℃保存。(3)實時熒光定量PCR。每個PCR反應體系為15 μL,每個樣本設3個復孔,用ABI Prism7900HT熒光定量PCR儀進行TaqMan熒光定量檢測。反應條件:95℃變性10 min;95℃15 s,60℃60 s;50個循環(huán)。以RUN6B作為內參照,以lg2- Ct表示miRNA的相對表達量,Ct值為循環(huán)閾值,以內參值RUN6B循環(huán)閾值來標準化, Ct=(CtmiRNA-CtRUN6B), Ct= Ct- Ctmean。
Tab.1 The sequence and assay ID of four miRNAs and RNU6B表1 4種miRNAs及其內參照的探針序列
1.3觀察指標將112例非吸煙女性ADC患者按EGFR的類型分為EGFR野生型組51例和突變型組61例,比較2組4種miRNAs的表達差異。對112例ADC患者進行定期隨訪,截止日期為2012年12月,隨訪時間5~25個月,中位時間16個月,其中10例失訪,隨訪率為91.07%。以miRNAs表達的平均數將ADC患者分為miRNAs高表達組和低表達組,比較高、低表達患者間的生存差異。臨床資料中以年齡和EGFR類型進行分類納入生存分析。另外,按EGFR類型進行分層,由各層的miRNAs表達的平均數將ADC患者分為miRNAs高表達組和低表達組,比較2組患者間的生存差異??傮w生存期(OS)定義為從確診患者為ADC到死亡或隨訪截止日期的時間。
1.4統(tǒng)計學方法采用SAS 9.2統(tǒng)計軟件進行分析。符合正態(tài)分布的計量資料用x ±s表示,2組間均數比較行t檢驗;計數資料以例(%)表示,組間比較行χ2檢驗。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,用Log-rank法檢驗生存率差異。Cox比例風險回歸模型進行影響因素分析。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1 4種miRNAs在EGFR野生型組和突變型組中表達情況比較EGFR突變型組miR-25的表達高于EGFR野生型組(P<0.05);但2組miR-155、miR-16和miR-133a表達差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,見表2。
Tab. 2 Relationship of four miRNAs in ADC tissue and EGFR表2 4種miRNAs在EGFR野生型組和突變型組的表達情況?。ā纒)
Tab. 2 Relationship of four miRNAs in ADC tissue and EGFR表2 4種miRNAs在EGFR野生型組和突變型組的表達情況 (±s)
*P<0.05
n組別EGFR野生型組EGFR突變型組t 51 61 miR-155 7.45±0.39 7.43±0.46 0.235 miR-16 7.35±0.37 7.50±0.49 1.939 miR-25 7.30±0.35 7.56±0.41 3.582*miR-133a 7.33±0.46 7.52±0.61 1.868
2.2年齡分層及4種miRNAs高低表達的生存分析結果不同年齡分層、不同EGFR類型組、miR-155、miR-16及miR-133a表達量患者的生存率差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義,miR-25低表達者生存率較高表達者更高(P<0.05),見表3、圖1。
2.3不同EGFR類型分層中4種miRNAs高低表達的生存分析結果在EGFR突變型組中4種miRNAs的表達量與ADC預后無關(P>0.05),見圖2、表4;在EGFR野生型組中miR-16、miR-25、miR-133a低表達者較高表達者生存率更高(P<0.05),見圖3、表4。2.4非吸煙女性ADC患者影響因素分析以年齡(歲, 60=0,>60=1),EGFR突變類型(野生型=0,突變型=1),4種miRNAs(低表達=0,高表達=1)為自變量,患者生存時間及結局(生存=0,死亡=1)為因變量,Cox比例風險回歸分析顯示,miR-25高表達是非吸煙女性ADC患者預后死亡的獨立危險因素,見表5。
Tab. 3 Survival analysis results of 112 non-smoking female patients with ADC表3 112例非吸煙女性ADC患者的生存分析結果
Fig.1 Comparison of survival rates between different ages, EGFR types and four miRNAs expression levels (Kaplan-Meier method)圖1不同年齡、EGFR類型及4種miRNAs表達水平生存率比較(Kaplan-Meier法)
根據世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)的統(tǒng)計,約25%的肺癌發(fā)生在非吸煙人群中[6]。歐洲癌癥登記處的數據顯示肺癌位居世界上非吸煙者死因中的前10位,女性癌癥死亡的第9位[7]。EGFR是一種跨膜受體型酪氨酸激酶,在非小細胞肺癌中存在過表達和突變現(xiàn)象。EGFR-TKIs靶向治療的一個必要前提是肺癌患者EGFR酪氨酸激酶編碼區(qū)發(fā)生突變[8]。本研究結果顯示,非吸煙女性ADC患者中EGFR的突變率(54.5%),明顯高于西方人群[3],再次證實亞洲非吸煙女性ADC患者是EGFR-TKIs靶向治療的優(yōu)先人群。
Fig. 2 Comparison of survival rates between four miRNAs expression levels in EGFR wild type group(Kaplan-Meier method)圖2 EGFR突變型組中4種miRNAs表達水平生存率比較(Kaplan-Meier法)
Fig. 3 Comparison of survival rates between four miRNAs expression levels in EGFR wild type group (Kaplan-Meier method)圖3 EGFR野生型組中4種miRNAs表達水平生存率比較(Kaplan-Meier法)
miR-25是miR-106b-25-93家族的一員,它位于染色體7q22.1上MCM7基因的13內含子上。本研究結果顯示,EGFR突變型組miR-25的表達高于EGFR野生型組,而且miR-25低表達者生存率較高表達者更高,表明miR-25高表達患者的預后不佳,因而,筆者推論miR-25可能是一種致癌基因。但是在已報道的研究中顯示,miR-25對腫瘤的影響是復雜的,在骨肉瘤和胃癌的研究中均發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-25能夠增強細胞的增殖、遷移和侵襲[9-10]。但在有關結腸癌的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-25抑制了細胞的增殖和遷移[11]。因此,這進一步證實了miRNAs的表達存在組織特異性和功能多樣性。
miR-133a為一種腫瘤抑制基因。Cui等[12]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-133a可以通過靶向EGFR來調節(jié)乳腺癌細胞增殖周期。Song等[13]研究顯示,miR-133a通過EGFR靶點抑制宮頸癌的體外和體內生長,是宮頸癌治療的一個潛在靶點。另有研究認為,miR-133a通過靶向IGF-1R抑制胃癌細胞的生長[14]。miR-16的研究目前較少。Wu等[15]研究顯示,miR-16的高表達抑制肝癌細胞的增殖、侵襲和轉移。本研究顯示,在EGFR野生型組中miR-133a和miR-16低表達者較高表達者生存率更高,而在EGFR突變型組中4種miRNAs的表達量與ADC預后無關,表明在非吸煙女性ADC患者中,特別是EGFR野生型的患者,miR-133a和miR-16具有更好的提示預后價值。
Tab. 4 Survival analysis results of four miRNAs in EGFR mutation status表4按EGFR突變類型分層后4種miRNAs的生存分析結果
Tab. 5 Cox influence factor analysis results of 112 nonsmoking female patients with ADC表5 112例非吸煙女性ADC患者的Cox影響因素分析結果
miR-155是一種致癌基因,通過靶向FOXO3a在膠質瘤的進展中發(fā)揮作用[16]。miR-155通過QKI的表達來調控結腸癌細胞侵襲能力和細胞周期[17]。另有研究顯示,miR-155的高表達是直腸癌的一個預后指標[18]。本研究未顯示miR-155與非吸煙女性ADC患者的預后有關??紤]原因為:一方面可能因為本研究選取的患者的范圍較窄,僅局限于非吸煙女性,并沒有包含男性或者吸煙患者;另一方面可能因為不同病理類型的肺癌對miRNA的反應不同所致,本研究選取的只是ADC患者,并沒有包含肺鱗癌等。
綜上所述,miR-25是非吸煙女性ADC的獨立預后指標。miR-25在非吸煙女性ADC特別是在EGFR野生型的患者中表達升高,可能提示患者預后不佳。
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(2015-11-19收稿2015-12-05修回)
(本文編輯陸榮展)
Study on the relationship between expression of miRNAs and receptors of epidermal growth factor in lung adenocarcinoma of non-smoking female
WANG Fumin1, 2, ZHANG Huan1, XU Fangxiu1, QU Jinli1, KONG Jinyu1, QIAN Biyun1, 3, 4
1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; 2 Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University;3 Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School; 4 Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Corresponding Author E-mail: qianbiyun@126.com
Abstract:Objective To determine association between the expression of miR-155, miR-16, miR-25 and miR-133 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) samples of non-smoking female, and their clini?cal significance thereof. Methods According to EGFR types, 112 non-smoking female ADC patients were divided into two groups: EGFR wild (n=51) and EGFR mutant (n=61) groups. Expression levels of four miRNAs were detected by real time quantitative PCR. T-test was used to compare differences of four miRNAs expression in two groups. ADC patients were divid?ed into high miRNA expression group and low expression group according to the mean value of miRNAs expression. Logrank test was used to compare the survival difference between the two subgroups. Cox proportional hazards regression analy?sis was performed to determine the association between different ages ( 60,>60), EGFR types, miRNAs expression and over?all survival. Results The expression of miR-25 was significantly higher in EGFR mutant group than that in EGFR wild group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the survival rates of patients with different ages, EGFR types, and the expressions of miR-155, miR-16 and miR-133a. Patients with the lower expression of miR-25 had the higher survivaltime than patients with the higher expression of miR-25 (P<0.05). In EGFR mutation group, there was no relationship be?tween four miRNAs and the prognosis of ADC (P>0.05). In EGFR wild group, the lower expression of miR-16, miR-25 or miR-133a was associated with longer survival in ADC (P<0.05). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the high expression of miR-25 was an independent risk factor for non-smoking female patients with ADC (P<0.05). Con?clusion miR-25 is an independent prognostic indicator for non-smoking female patients with ADC. High expression of miR-25 is found in non-smoking female patients with ADC, particularly in patients with EGFR wild-type, which may sug?gest apoor prognosis.
Key words:receptor, epidermal growth factor;moking;sex factors;gene expression;lung adenocarcinoma;miR-155;miR-16;miR-25;miR-133a
中圖分類號:R734.2,R730.261.1
文獻標志碼:A
DOI:10.11958/20150331
基金項目:國家自然科學基金資助項目(81573231);天津市自然科學基金資助項目(13JCYBJC23100)
作者簡介:王富民(1988),男,碩士在讀,主要從事腫瘤分子流行病學研究
通訊作者E-mail: qianbiyun@126.com