白長(zhǎng)軍 東麗

摘 要：針對(duì)目前主流的食用油制造技術(shù)存在能耗高問(wèn)題以及含堿廢水皂腳、廢油、廢白土、有害溶劑氣體、廢催化劑等廢棄物排放問(wèn)題，圍繞“脫膠、脫膠副產(chǎn)物的開發(fā)、脫酸”3個(gè)方面開展系統(tǒng)研究，開發(fā)了食用油酶法脫膠技術(shù)、高純?nèi)苎字苽浼夹g(shù)和食用油酶法脫酸技術(shù)。（1）食用油酶法脫膠技術(shù)篩選獲得了3種高活性食用油脫膠用磷脂酶C基因，重組磷脂酶C制劑具有較好的穩(wěn)定性，可用于食用油工業(yè)化脫膠，毛油經(jīng)該酶脫膠后，殘磷可降低至10 ppm以下；在此基礎(chǔ)上，開發(fā)了短時(shí)高效連續(xù)乳化技術(shù)、雙酶法脫膠技術(shù)、低溫真空酶法脫膠裝置，建立酶法脫膠工藝，并實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)，獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)的食用油產(chǎn)品。（2）高純?nèi)苎字苽浼夹g(shù)以脫膠所得油腳副產(chǎn)物為原料，粗提得到粉末磷脂（PC含量20.4%），進(jìn)一步利用磷脂酶水解、柱色譜分離純化，制備高純L-α-GPC（簡(jiǎn)寫GPC），得到的L-α-GPC產(chǎn)品無(wú)色，純度98.8%，回收率66.4%，比旋光度-2.5°。（3）食用油酶法脫酸技術(shù)以高酸價(jià)米糠油為原料、甘油一酯為酯化劑，酶法脫酸脫除米糠油中游離脂肪酸、有效降低酸價(jià)的同時(shí)，大大提高米糠油中的甘二酯（DAG）含量，獲得了富含甘油二酯的米糠油產(chǎn)品，大大增強(qiáng)米糠油的營(yíng)養(yǎng)性。

關(guān)鍵詞：食用油 酶 脫膠 脫酸 溶血磷脂 催化 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)

Abstract：In common edible oil manufacturing technology， those shortcomings included now notorious problem with high energy consumption， alkali wastewater， soapstock， waste oil， waste clay， waste solvent， waste gas， and etc. The paper studied on the enzymatic degumming of edible oils， preparation of high purity lysophospholipids and enzymatic deacidification of edible oils.（1）Enzymatic degumming technology of edible oils Three kinds of highly active phospholipase C gene for degumming was chosen. Restructuring phospholipase C preparation has good stability， and can be used for industrial degumming. After degummed by this lipase， residual phosphorus in the oil can be decreased to less than 100ppm. The short-term efficient continuous emulsification technology， double enzymatic degumming technology and low temperature vacuum enzymatic degumming device were developed. The degumming process with enzyme was also established. And fine grade edible oil was produced industrially.（2）preparation of high purity lysophospholipids High purity lysophospholipids was obtained from crude powder phospholipids with PC content of 20.4%， through phospholipase hydrolysis and column chromatographic separation and purification.The L-α-GPC product was colorless， and its purity was 98.8%， and its specific rotation was -2.5°.The recovery rate is 66.4%.（3）Enzymatic deacidification of vegetable oils Crude rice bran oil with high acid value was esterified with monoglyceride to remove free fat acid through enzymatic deacidification. The rice bran oil rich in DAG was obtained. This product greatly enhance the characteristics of nutrition of rice bran oil.

Key Words：Vegetable Oil；Enzyme；Degum；Refining；L-α-GPC；Catalyze；Key Technology

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