飛行者的追求

Sukhoi Su-27 which has some of the best manoeuvrability in the world, teamed up with the Mikoyan MiG-29, as Russian “Warriors” and “Swifts”in a mixed formation in this year's air show.由機(jī)動(dòng)性能世界領(lǐng)先的蘇—27，與米格—29戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)組成的俄羅斯的“勇士”和“雨燕”，以混合編隊(duì)亮相本屆航展。

Just like athletes pursuing “higher, faster, and stronger”in the Olympic games, aviation manufacturers are looking to push the boundaries of their industry.Come to the 2016 Zhuhai Air Show and fi nd out how.

In the aviation industry, companies are looking for stronger composite materials and more energysaving impetus.

At the 2016 Zhuhai Air Show, the Airbus 350 was one of the superstars.The aircraft displayed was the latest long-range, double-engine, wide-body test model.For it's airframe, 70% is made of cutting-edge materials, including titanium, composite materials, and aluminium alloy.It is made up of 53% composite materials, which ranks the top in the industry.Meanwhile, the plane's fuselage is entirely made of carbon fi bre reinforced plastics (CFRP), which largely reduces the weight and energy consumption.

In the aviation industry, the attempt to develop an aircraft that can fl y farther with less fuel has never stopped.The Bombardier's C-series planes have all adopted the PurePower PW1500G “geared turbofan” engine developed by Pratt &Whitney (P&W).It's special gearbox allows the balance of high-speed turbine and the low-speed fan at a lower speed, which proves capable of a 50% reduction in noise and 10% in emissions.

The other possible direction for energy saving is to improve the design of the wings.Well designed wings can induce a vortex that increases the lift whilst reducing the resistance for the plane during fl ight.At the 2016 exhibition, China's new-generation military transport jets, the Y-20, displayed its advanced design with the impressive vortex created during the air show.

Bombardier's CS300 has also been an impressive new-material user.70% of the fuselage is made of advanced structural materials.來自龐巴迪的CS300客機(jī)也是突出的新型材料使用者，70%的機(jī)身將由高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)性材料制成。

A350's fuselage is made entirely of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP), which largely reduces the weight and energy consumption.A350機(jī)身全部采用碳纖維增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料（CFRP）制造，大幅降低了重量和油耗。

The AG-600 aircraft, self designed and developed in China, use 4 domestic-made WJ-6 gas turbine engines and is the biggest ongoing amphibious aircraft in the world.中國(guó)自行設(shè)計(jì)研制的AG-600，選裝了4臺(tái)國(guó)產(chǎn)渦槳-6發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，是世界在研最大的水陸兩用飛機(jī)。

CH-5 UAV uses the straight wings with a high lift-to-drag ratio to increase its endurance.The longest flying distance a of the improved aircraft can be over 10 thousand Kilometres.“彩虹-5”無人機(jī)選用高升阻比的平直機(jī)翼提升了續(xù)航能力，改進(jìn)型的最大飛行距離將超過1萬公里。

Y-20 has been the largest aircraft developed by China.Its 47-meter length and 45-meter wing width almost equal the measures of a football field.And with a 15-meter height, it is as tall as a 5-storey building.運(yùn)-20是我國(guó)迄今研制的最大飛機(jī)，全長(zhǎng)47米、翼展45米、高15米，長(zhǎng)寬相當(dāng)于半個(gè)足球場(chǎng)，高度約有5層樓高。

當(dāng)人類在奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上追求更高更快更強(qiáng)的時(shí)候，航空界在追求什么呢？2016年珠海航展，可窺一斑。

在航空界，人們一直在尋找更高強(qiáng)度復(fù)合材料，更高效的動(dòng)力。

本屆珠海航展現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，空客A350也因此是當(dāng)之無愧的明星。這架最新雙發(fā)遠(yuǎn)程寬體客機(jī)A350WXB測(cè)試飛機(jī)，有超過70%的機(jī)體結(jié)構(gòu)采用鈦復(fù)合材料、新一代鋁合金等先進(jìn)材料制造，其中復(fù)合材料使用率達(dá)53%，為業(yè)內(nèi)最高。同時(shí)，機(jī)身全部采用碳纖維增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料（CFRP）制造，大幅降低了重量和油耗。

在動(dòng)力方面，人們一直把航空飛行器設(shè)計(jì)改進(jìn)的方向定位在，運(yùn)用更少的油耗飛行更遠(yuǎn)的距離。比如龐巴迪的C系列飛機(jī)搭載普惠公司的PurePower PW1500G齒輪傳動(dòng)渦扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，運(yùn)用齒輪減速系統(tǒng)，匹配渦輪和風(fēng)扇的平衡，可以降低50%噪聲與10%排放。

改進(jìn)翼型設(shè)計(jì)也是節(jié)省動(dòng)力的重要方向。先進(jìn)的機(jī)翼可以誘發(fā)渦流，利用好渦流可以增加升力特別是大迎角時(shí)的升力，也可以消除機(jī)翼負(fù)面層堆積增厚，從而減少飛行阻力。本次航展中，作為中國(guó)自主研發(fā)的新一代噴氣式大型軍用運(yùn)輸機(jī)“鯤鵬”運(yùn)—20，在機(jī)動(dòng)飛行時(shí)能拉出渦流，可見翼型設(shè)計(jì)是相當(dāng)先進(jìn)的。

Dream of THE AVIATOR

Text by Meng Yongning Translations by Yishan Photos by He Tian&CFP