●李玫梅

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畫家孫多慈在孤山麗水

●李玫梅

在我國(guó)現(xiàn)當(dāng)代女畫家中，孫多慈是一位富有才華、在藝術(shù)上有著自己獨(dú)立追求的不凡女畫家。許多人對(duì)孫多慈感到陌生，即便知道一些也多是從徐悲鴻的藝術(shù)人生中獲知的。那是因?yàn)閷O多慈是徐悲鴻的學(xué)生，新中國(guó)成立前她去了臺(tái)灣。2015年11月，浙江美術(shù)館舉辦的“孤山麗水覓詩情—孫多慈畫展”讓許多愛好美術(shù)的人更多地了解她的藝術(shù)才情。

孫多慈又名孫韻君，出身名門望族，從小受過良好的家庭教育，1913年出生于安徽壽縣。她的祖父孫家鼐是清末重臣，歷任工、禮、吏、戶部尚書和中國(guó)首任學(xué)務(wù)大臣，曾一手創(chuàng)辦京師大學(xué)堂（北京大學(xué)前身）。父親孫傳瑗曾參加晚清民主革命，為一代名士。孫多慈自幼酷愛丹青，17歲時(shí)畢業(yè)于安徽省立第一中學(xué)高中部。

1930年，孫多慈到南京中央大學(xué)美術(shù)系求學(xué)。當(dāng)時(shí)徐悲鴻正好是美術(shù)系主任，也時(shí)常親自授課。因?yàn)閷O多慈的冰雪聰明，加上一定的繪畫天賦與其少女的清新純真，于是，徐悲鴻先生的筆下就多了一些描繪孫多慈少女風(fēng)姿的素描與油畫。徐悲鴻極為欣賞孫多慈的藝術(shù)天賦，悉心傳授，孫多慈也精心研習(xí)。他倆還有過一段師生間的“慈悲之戀”。徐悲鴻為她畫的數(shù)幅肖像，其中《臺(tái)城夜月》等兩幅油畫，因遭徐悲鴻妻子蔣碧微嫉妒，被取走后下落不明。

雖然緋聞被傳得沸沸揚(yáng)揚(yáng)，但孫多慈確實(shí)是一位才女畫家。離開大陸前曾在安徽、上海等地舉辦個(gè)人書畫展，影響遠(yuǎn)播。美學(xué)大師宗白華稱贊她：“天資敏悟，好學(xué)不倦，是真能以藝術(shù)為生命為靈魂者?！彼乃孛枥涞木€條和層疊光影的運(yùn)用，“落筆有韻，取象不惑，好像前生與造化有約，一經(jīng)睹面，即能會(huì)心于體態(tài)意趣之間……”

1935年，孫多慈畢業(yè)于中央大學(xué)。她于畢業(yè)之初就出版了個(gè)人畫集。

孫多慈曾在浙江生活和工作，與浙江有著不解之緣?？箲?zhàn)爆發(fā)，孫多慈全家從長(zhǎng)沙遷到桂林，又從桂林來到浙江麗水。她在浙江省立聯(lián)合中學(xué)任教，仍孜孜不倦地進(jìn)行美術(shù)創(chuàng)作。她經(jīng)常去甌江邊寫生，那帆影、那船工，都是她描繪的對(duì)象。

抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期，兒童保育會(huì)浙江分會(huì)第一兒童保育院設(shè)在麗水縣碧湖鎮(zhèn)，保育院收容來自淪陷區(qū)無家可歸的難童與學(xué)生。院長(zhǎng)是孫多慈兒時(shí)的玩伴、大學(xué)同學(xué)李家應(yīng)。孫家避難到麗水，先在李家應(yīng)所主持的兒童保育院暫時(shí)安頓。孫多慈在中學(xué)任教后，仍繼續(xù)到保育院協(xié)助李家應(yīng)照應(yīng)院童的活動(dòng)及生活。閑暇時(shí)她喜歡為院童速寫畫像，杭州畫展中所選展的“保育院系列”素描作品即是其中的一部分。

那時(shí)徐悲鴻應(yīng)邀去印度講學(xué)，一去四五年不歸。到1942年春回國(guó)時(shí)，孫多慈已經(jīng)在父親的安排下，認(rèn)識(shí)并嫁給了時(shí)任浙江省教育廳廳長(zhǎng)的許紹棣。

《日出》（油畫） 作于1952年 Sunrise, oil painting, 1952, by Sun Duoci

書法《松溪》 1949年4月寫于西湖畫室Pine Stream, a calligraphic work written by Sun Duoci in April 1949 at her studio on the West Lake

從麗水來到杭州安家，孫多慈與西湖山色朝夕相伴。她的藝術(shù)生涯開始于南京中央大學(xué)，成長(zhǎng)于浙江的麗水，發(fā)展卻在她移居杭州的西子湖畔。

學(xué)習(xí)古典文學(xué)是孫多慈幼年的日常功課，淵源可溯自她的家學(xué)。孫多慈的古文造詣得自父親。她自述：“吾父授吾以《毛詩》，曰：‘此詩也，人間之至文也；然詩也，亦畫也?！谖嵋浴峨x騷》、兩漢《樂府》《古詩十九首》《孔雀東南飛》諸篇什，曰：‘此辭賦與詩，人間之至文；然亦畫也。’又進(jìn)而授吾莊列之文，曰：‘此史也，然亦詩也、畫也。汝其識(shí)之！’”

孫家在抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期流離遷徙，作詩填詞成了家人寄情的趣事。在麗水、西湖的歲月里，吟詩作詞、寫生繪畫是孫多慈再快樂不過的事兒。杭州畫展中有一些青山綠水的風(fēng)景題材作品，就是她在麗水、杭州生活的寫照。

孤山麗水可視作孫多慈的第二故鄉(xiāng)。孤山是她離開大陸前最后的居住地。她在杭州的這段時(shí)間，也是她一生中創(chuàng)作最旺盛的時(shí)期，杭州對(duì)孫多慈來說具有特別的意義。

孫多慈（中）與友人李家應(yīng)（右）合影于杭州。Sun Duoci and her friend Li Jiaying (right) in Hangzhou

1947年后，孫多慈出國(guó)，后隨丈夫轉(zhuǎn)赴臺(tái)灣，精研繪畫，成為知名畫家。上世紀(jì)五十年代又赴美國(guó)和法國(guó)進(jìn)修，畫藝更為圓熟。她為臺(tái)灣師范大學(xué)藝術(shù)系教授并任系主任，又曾在文化大學(xué)兼任藝術(shù)系首任系主任。1948年她任臺(tái)灣師范大學(xué)藝術(shù)學(xué)院教授，后任院長(zhǎng)，教書育人，桃李滿園。

“孤山麗水覓詩情—孫多慈畫展”展出孫多慈作品80件，包括油畫、素描、水墨、書法等，展示出她不同凡響的藝術(shù)人生。她的兒子許玨方特地從美國(guó)趕來參加畫展開幕式活動(dòng)。他談到這次畫展作品的來源時(shí)說:“最早這個(gè)畫展是由幾個(gè)學(xué)生提出來的，花了好幾年時(shí)間，后來有特別的機(jī)緣找到一批畫，所以才有足夠的畫作可以展覽?！?/p>

孫多慈因患癌癥，1975年2月病逝于美國(guó)洛杉磯，享年僅63歲。在孫多慈的眼中，繪畫是“畫心、畫夢(mèng)”。從麗水到杭州的這一段人生里程，是傾其生命的尋尋覓覓，構(gòu)筑了她的藝術(shù)之夢(mèng)。

The legend of Sun Duoci

By Li Meimei

Sun Duoci’s art attainments, known by very few, were fully displayed in Sentiments of the Solitary Hill: Sun Duoci’s Paintings, an exhibition solo held in Zhejiang Art Museum in the fall of 2015. Based in Taiwan in her later years, Anhui-born Sun Duoci (1913-1975) was a brilliant figure representing the female power in the contemporary painting art stage of China. She was also one of the favorite students of the Chinese art virtuoso Xu Beihong.

Born with a silver spoon into a dignitary family in Shouxian, Anhui Province in 1913, Sun Duoci (also known as Sun Yunjun) was the granddaughter of Sun Jianai, a high-ranking official in the late Qing government and founder of the prototype of today’s Peking University.

Sun Duoci fell in love with painting brushes at a very young age, and started her study at the Art Department of Central College in Nanjing at the age of 17. Her innocence and talent caught the eye of Xu Beihong, then the chair of the art department. Sun worked with her mentor as a model. Her Nanjing years sowed the seeds of what was later defined as the ‘love triangle’ between Sun, Xu and his jealous wife Jiang Biwei.

Despite rumors about her affair with Xu, Sun Duoci won recogni-tion from the art circle of her time fo r her outstanding talents. She was praised by aesthetics master Zong Baihua as “a hardworking, intelligent woman who takes art for life”. The year 1935 saw the release of the first art book by Sun Duoci, who was fresh from college.

孫多慈在美國(guó)講學(xué)時(shí)揮毫示范，后立者為鋼琴家吳漪曼。Sun Duoci demonstrates her calligraphy in USA. Professor and Pianist Wu Yiman looks on.

孫多慈作品《自由之歌》贈(zèng)送美國(guó)總統(tǒng)艾森豪威爾。Ode to Freedom, a painting by Sun Duoci as a gift to USA President Dwight Eisenhower

Zhejiang was a very important part of the artist’s life. During the years of World War II, the Sun family moved from Changsha to Guilin before settling down in southwestern Zhejiang’s Lishui, where she taught in a local high school and had a good time portraying the inviting riverscape of the Ou River. In the resistance war against Japanese invaders, Bihu Town of Lishui housed the 1st Zhejiang branch of Save the Children, an organization that took orphans under its wing. The orphanage was chaired by Li Jiaying, who was a childhood friend of Sun Duoci and classmate at college. Sun Duoci spent a lot of time teaching and taking care of the refugees at the orphanage. A sketch series at the Hangzhou exhibition reflected the artist’s life in Lishui, a very special chapter of the artist’s colorful life.

《景寧風(fēng)景》（油畫） 作于1943年A Landscape in Jingning, oil painting in 1943 by Sun Duoci

After getting married, Sun Duoci left Lishui to start her new life in Hangzhou. For Sun, Hangzhou was a city full of wistful memories. Her stay in the city’s Solitary Hill on the West Lake was the most productive period of her artistic life. The 80 art pieces at the exhibition showed the artist’s versatility in a range of genres. The Solitary Hill was also the artist’s last home in the Chinese mainland before the Sun family moved to Taiwan in the late 1940s. In the 1950s, Sun Duoci spent several years furthering her art study and honing her painting skills in the US and France. Back in Taiwan, she joined the National Taiwan Normal University as an art professor and director of the university’s art department.

The Hangzhou debut of the artistry of Sun Duoci took Sun’s students years to get the art works ready. Her son Xu Juefang came to Hangzhou all the way from the US to introduce his mother’s artistic outlook to art enthusiasts and attended the opening ceremony. In 1975, Sun Duoci died in Los Angeles, the US at the age of 63. In the eye of Sun Duoci, the art of painting was to paint the heart and soul and to paint dreams, which she achieved beautifully in the solitude of her Hangzhou and Lishui years.