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        不定式常見用法例析

        2016-04-11 02:44:06安徽省碭山鐵路中學(xué)西校區(qū)王瑾瑾
        青蘋果 2016年7期
        關(guān)鍵詞:狀語賓語主語

        安徽省碭山鐵路中學(xué)西校區(qū) 王瑾瑾

        不定式常見用法例析

        安徽省碭山鐵路中學(xué)西校區(qū)王瑾瑾

        不定式是非謂語動詞的一種,也是我們現(xiàn)階段英語學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。不定式到底有哪些用法呢?讓我們從一些題目中來看一看吧。

        用法一:作主語

        It's standard practice for a companylike this one_______a securityofficer.

        A.employedB.being employedC.toemployD.employs

        解析本題考查固定句型:It+be+n+for sb./sth.todo...,考點(diǎn)為不定式作主語,故答案為C。

        對不定式作主語的考查,常常以固定句型的形式出現(xiàn),主要有以下5種句型:

        ①It+be+名詞+to do...

        e.g.:It's our duty to take good care of the old.

        ②It+be+形容詞+for sb.+to do...

        e.g.:It is difficult for us to finish the task in an hour.

        ③It+be+形容詞+of sb.+to do...

        e.g.:It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.

        ④It takes sb.+some time+to do...

        e.g.:How long did it take you to finish the work?

        ⑤It seems+形容詞+to do...

        e.g.:It seemed impossible to save money.

        只要熟記這些句型,不定式作主語的題目就能迎刃而解了。

        用法二:作賓語

        1.David threatened_______his neighbor tothe police if the damage were not paid.

        A.tobe reportedB.reportingC.toreportD.having reported.

        2.Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried_______alone,but she didn't like it and moved back home.

        A.livingB.to liveC.tobe livingD.having lived

        解析1.考查不定式作賓語。threatened的后面只能接不定式作賓語,句中表示“大衛(wèi)威脅鄰居如果損害沒有得到賠償,他將報警”。故答案為C。

        考點(diǎn)分析:下列動詞后面只能接不定式作賓語:決心學(xué)會想希望,設(shè)法拒絕愿假裝,主動答應(yīng)選計劃,同意請求幫一幫。這一順口溜對應(yīng)下列單詞:decide/determine,learn,want,hope/wish/expect,manage,refuse,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help。我們記住了這個順口溜,做題的時候就能事半功倍了。

        2.考查不定式和動名詞作賓語時的區(qū)別。此時要注意區(qū)分:trydoing意為“嘗試做……”,而try to do意為”努力去做……”。根據(jù)句意“蘇珊不想再依靠父母,她嘗試獨(dú)自居住但并不喜歡,最后又搬回了家”確定答案為A。類似的詞還有can't help,go on,mean,for get,remember,regret,stop及try,要注意他們后面跟動名詞和不定式時意義上的區(qū)別。

        牛刀小試:

        1.The boy pretended_______when his mother entered.

        A.readingB.toreadC.tobe readingD.beingread

        2.Nervous and anxious,Jill failed_______a good impression at the job interview.

        A.tohave madeB.makingC.tomakeD.having made

        3.We find it impossible for the work_______ahead of time.

        A.tofinishB.finishingC.being finishedD.to be finished

        4.—What about your adventure in the forest last week?

        —Wonderful!I didn't expect there_______so many lovely monkeys!

        A.to beB.beingC.of beingD.be

        答案1.C2.A3.D4.A

        用法三:作表語

        Ladies and gentlemen,please remain_______until the plane has come to a complete stop.

        A.seatedB.seatingC.to seatD.seat

        解析不定式作表語??疾橄祫釉~remain后面的情況。remain作“尚待,留待”講時,后加“tobe done”作表語;remain作“仍然”時,后面加現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作表語。因此答案為B。

        用法四:作定語

        1.There are still many problems_______before we are ready for a longstayon the Moon.

        A.solvingB.solvedC.being solvedD.to be solved

        2.The airport_______next year will help promote tourismin this area.

        A.being completedB.tobe completedC.completedD.having been completed

        不定式作后置定語時,修飾前面的名詞或代詞,表示不定式動作尚未發(fā)生或?qū)⒁M(jìn)行。

        解析1.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是必須有人去完成某件事情時,不定式用主動形式;如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事情本身必須被完成,不定式則用被動形式。本題題意為“在我們準(zhǔn)備在月球上長期生活之前,還有很多問題有待于解決?!狈治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)得知,空處在句中作定語。又根據(jù)語境可知此處表示沒有發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用不定式,又因?yàn)閟olve和problems之間為動賓關(guān)系,因此用不定式的被動式,故選擇D。

        2.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)得知,空處在句中作定語。又根據(jù)語境可知此處表示沒有發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用不定式,又因?yàn)閏omplete和airport之間為動賓關(guān)系,因此用不定式的被動式,故選擇B。

        牛刀小試:

        1.The pressure_______causes Americans to be energetic,but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

        A.tocompeteB.tobe competedC.competingD.having competed

        2.Could you find someone_______?

        A.for me to play tennis withB.for me to play tennis

        C.playtennis withD.playing tennis

        3.With a lot of difficult problems_______,the newly-elected president is havinga hard time.

        A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.being settled

        答案1.A2.A3.C

        用法五:作狀語

        1.Group activities will be organized after class_______children develop teamspirit.

        A.helpingB.having helpedC.helpedD.tohelp

        2._______our selves from the physical and mental tensions,we each need deep thought and inner quietness.

        A.Having freedB.FreedC.TofreeD.Freeing

        解析1.分析句子可知道這里需要目的狀語,句意為“為了幫助孩子們培養(yǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)精神,下課后將組織小組活動”。目的狀語通常用不定式表示。故選擇D。

        2.根據(jù)題干和句意可知本題考查不定式作目的狀語,相對于上一題,本題結(jié)構(gòu)更清晰。句意為“為了讓我們從身體和精神的緊張中放松下來,我們都需要深刻的思考和內(nèi)心的平靜?!惫蔬x擇C。綜合這兩題,我們得出結(jié)論:目的狀語通常用動詞不定式表示。

        牛刀小試:

        A.tobe toldB.tellingC.being toldD.told

        2.The air is very hard to _______in Tibet because of the high altitude.

        A.breath inB.be breathed inC.breathD.be breathed

        答案1.A2.C

        用法六:作補(bǔ)語

        Ⅰ.作賓語補(bǔ)足語

        1.I advised him_______smoking,but he wouldn't listen.

        A.give upB.togive upC.givingupD.tobe given up

        2.Whom would you like_______with you,John or me?

        A.goB.have goneC.have goD.to go

        解析這兩題考查一些動詞后面用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的情況。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)為:advise/allow/ask/expect/encourage/get/invite/like/persuade/remind/require/suppose/ tell/want/warn/wish/would like/call on/depend on+sb.+(not)to do sth.。故第1題選擇B,第2題選擇D。

        Ⅱ.作主語補(bǔ)足語

        1.Passengers are permitted_______only one piece of hand luggage on to the plane.

        A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobe carriedD.beingcarried

        2.He is thought_______foolishly.Nowhe has noone but himself to blame for losing the job.

        A.toactB.tohave actedC.actingD.having acted

        解析主語補(bǔ)足語的出現(xiàn)是因?yàn)樵瓉砗匈e語補(bǔ)足語的句子變成了被動句,因此,原來的賓語就變成了新句子的主語,那么原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語就變成了新句子的主語補(bǔ)足語了。因此,我們做題的時候只要將結(jié)構(gòu)還原成原來的主動句就可以了。

        1.分析題目知道句意是“旅客僅被允許攜帶一件手提行李上飛機(jī)”,permit sb.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動為sb.be permitted to do sth.,因此選項(xiàng)為A。

        2.本題考查sb./sth.be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/found/thought...+to do sth./tobe done/to have done/to have been done,本結(jié)構(gòu)中,用to do表示尚未發(fā)生的動作,用tohave done表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作。根據(jù)句意“他被認(rèn)為表現(xiàn)得很愚蠢”,表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的動作,故選擇B。

        牛刀小試:

        1.They knew her very well.They had seen her_______up from childhood.

        A.growB.grewC.was growingD.togrow

        2.The teacher asked us_______somuch noise.

        A.don't makeB.not makeC.not makingD.not tomake

        3.My advisor encouraged________a summer course to improve my writing skills.

        A.for me takingB.me takingC.for me totakeD.me totake

        4.The flu is believed_______by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.

        A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobe causedD.tohave caused

        5.—Is Bob still performing?

        —I'mafraid not.He is said_______the stage a lready as he has become an official.

        A.to have leftB.to leaveC.to have been leftD.to be left

        答案1.A2.D3.D4.C5.A

        1.George after the war,only_______that his wife had left him.

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