云南
完形填空??级陶Z(yǔ)及固定搭配總結(jié)
云南李婷婷
高考英語(yǔ)中,常常出現(xiàn)一些考查短語(yǔ)以及固定搭配的試題,遇到此類題型,考生需要熟悉各個(gè)短語(yǔ)及固定搭配的意義,這就要求考生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中注意積累,學(xué)會(huì)在做題過(guò)程中快速判斷并選出正確答案。以下是筆者歸納的歷年高考題中出現(xiàn)的短語(yǔ)及固定搭配,希望對(duì)各位考生有所幫助。
一、have the chance of 有……的機(jī)會(huì);have the dream of 有……的夢(mèng)想;have the idea of 有……的想法;have the habit of 有……的習(xí)慣
【典例】(2015·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)I had the_43_of seeing this first hand on a__44 weekend.
A.dream B.idea
C.habit D.chance
【解析】D。句意為:在一個(gè)周末,我有機(jī)會(huì)親眼見(jiàn)證了這件事。故選D項(xiàng)。
二、1.dress up 穿上盛裝/正式衣服,喬裝打扮;dress sth.up 裝飾,修飾,掩飾;dress down(與平時(shí)比較)穿著隨便;dress sb.down訓(xùn)斥,責(zé)罵
2.show up 如約趕到,出現(xiàn),露面; show sth.up(使)看得見(jiàn),變得明顯,顯現(xiàn)出來(lái);show sb.up使人難堪/尷尬/丟臉;show sb./sth.off 賣弄,炫耀,顯示,使奪目,襯托;show through sth.從某物透出,從某事顯露
3.make up 化妝,上妝,組成,構(gòu)成,編造故事,做出補(bǔ)償,配藥,鋪床;make up for sth.彌補(bǔ),補(bǔ)償; make up to sb.獻(xiàn)媚,奉承,討好;make up with sb.同某人言歸于好;make sb./sth.out 看清,聽(tīng)清,分清,把……說(shuō)成,聲稱;make for sth.向……移動(dòng),促成;make off 匆忙離開(kāi),倉(cāng)皇逃跑
【典例】(2015·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)When they_52_ for their Sunday game,they were__53 completely different.
A.dressed B.showed up
C.made up D.planned
【解析】B。句意為:當(dāng)她們出現(xiàn)在星期六的賽場(chǎng)上時(shí),她們表現(xiàn)得完全不同了。故選B項(xiàng)。
三、1.be harmful to sb./sth.對(duì)……有害
2.mix with 使混合,摻和,融合;mix sth.in/with sth.(烹調(diào)時(shí))摻入,和入;mix sth.into sth.摻和,將……和入,使與……混合;mix sth.up弄錯(cuò),弄亂
3.be different from/to/than 與……不同
4.apply to申請(qǐng),請(qǐng)求; apply oneself to sth./doing sth.勤奮工作,努力學(xué)習(xí)
【典例】(2015·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)The lessons they learned may not be__60__what they would have gotten in school.
A.harmful to B.mixed with
C.different from D.applied to
【解析】C。句意為:她們所學(xué)到的知識(shí)可能和她們?cè)趯W(xué)校里學(xué)到的沒(méi)有什么不同。故選C項(xiàng)。
四、lay down躺下/倒,獻(xiàn)出,交出,規(guī)定,興建,主張,斷言,打賭;fall down倒下,跌倒; settle down定居,平靜下來(lái),專心于;go down 下降,下山,降低,被載入,傳下去;look down往下看;look down on/upon sb.看不起某人;set/write/put/note/take/get down 寫(xiě)下,記下;let down 放下,降低,使失望;cut down砍倒;break down損壞,分解,瓦解,(身體)垮了;get down to 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真考慮/對(duì)待
【典例】(2014·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)As they_46_ down,the weather got worse.
A.lay B.settled
C.went D.looked
【解析】C。句意為:就在他們下山的時(shí)候,天氣更糟了。故選C項(xiàng)。
五、by mistake錯(cuò)誤地;by chance/accident碰巧;by choice 自愿;by luck僥幸;by hand 手工;by turns 輪流;by design有意,故意;by and large 大體上來(lái)說(shuō);by the way順便問(wèn)一下;by all means 一定,務(wù)必;by no means絕不;by oneself獨(dú)自,單獨(dú);by heart記牢;by nature天生的,生性;by weight按重量;by the pound論磅
【典例】(2014·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)They couldn’t see or hear each other and,_48_,Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁).
A.by mistake B.by chance
C.by choice D.by luck
【解析】A。句意為:因?yàn)樗麄兿嗷タ床灰?jiàn),也聽(tīng)不見(jiàn),Simon才會(huì)由于失誤而將他的朋友放到了懸崖邊上。故選A項(xiàng)。
六、1.stand back退后,往后站,不介入;stand aside站到一邊,讓開(kāi),不參與,置身事外,讓位于他人;stand by 袖手旁觀,無(wú)動(dòng)于衷,做好準(zhǔn)備;stand down離職,退職,下臺(tái);stand for 是……意思,代表,容忍,忍受;stand out出色,杰出,顯眼,更為重要;stand up起立,站立
2.take/have a rest休息;the rest 剩下的;rest time休息時(shí)間
3.make a decision做出決定
4.hold on 等著,停住,堅(jiān)持住,別掛斷,等一下;hold on to/onto sth./sb.抓緊,不放開(kāi);hold off不開(kāi)始,延遲,推遲;hold out維持,堅(jiān)持,抵抗,幸存;hold up支持住,承受住
【典例】(2014·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)__51 Finally,after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold,Simon had to__52__.
A.stand back B.take a rest
C.make a decision D.hold on
【解析】C。句意為:最終,在黑暗和寒冷中堅(jiān)持一個(gè)多小時(shí)后,Simon不得不做出決定。故選C項(xiàng)。
七、1.know about認(rèn)識(shí),了解;know sth./sb.as/for sth.把……看作是,認(rèn)為……是;know sb./sth from sb./sth.能區(qū)分,能分辨
2.learn from sth.從……中學(xué)到,認(rèn)識(shí)到,意識(shí)到,(從……)吸取教訓(xùn);learn your lesson 吸取教訓(xùn)
3.cheer for為……歡呼;cheer sb.on(賽跑,比賽等中)以喝彩聲鼓勵(lì),為某人加油;cheer sb./sth.up使變得高興,使振奮起來(lái)
4.look after(yourself/sb./sth.)對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé),照顧/料,確保有利于;look around/round for sth.到處尋找,搜尋;look forward to sth./doing sth.(高興地)期待,期望;look into調(diào)查,審查;look round轉(zhuǎn)頭看,回頭看;look up查字典,(生意、某人的情況)好轉(zhuǎn),改善
【典例】(2013·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)But people in the streets_36_him,especially those who are_37_poor.
A.know about B.learn from
C.cheer for D.look after
【解析】A。句意為:但是,街上的人們都認(rèn)識(shí)他,尤其是窮人。故選A項(xiàng)。
八、1.cross over穿越,越過(guò),橫過(guò),渡過(guò),交叉,交疊;cross sb./sth.off(從名單/清單上)劃掉,刪掉;cross your mind(想法等)掠過(guò)心頭,出現(xiàn)在腦海;cross your fingers祈求成功
2.drive along沿著……開(kāi)車
3.hurry down匆忙穿過(guò),沿著……急忙下去;hurry on喋喋不休,啰唆得沒(méi)完沒(méi)了;hurry up with sth.趕快,急忙做某事;hurry sb./sth.up 催促某人,使早些發(fā)生;in a hurry 迅速,趕快,倉(cāng)促,匆忙;in a hurry to do sth.急于做某事
4.keep off(雨,雪等)未下;keep off sth.避免吃/喝/吸某物;keep sb./sth.off sb./sth.使不接近某人/事物,使不接觸某人/事物
【典例】(2013·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)In winter,Mr.Greenberg does not__40 act like other New Yorkers,who look at the sidewalk and_41_the street.
A.cross over B.drive along
C.hurry down D.keep off
【解析】C。句意為:在冬天,Mr.Greenberg不像其他紐約人一樣只顧自己埋頭走路。故選C項(xiàng)。
九、1.hold up 支撐,舉起; hold on等著,停住,挺住,別掛斷,等一下;hold on to sth./sb.抓緊,不放開(kāi);hold sb.down按住某人,剝奪某人的自由/權(quán)利;hold sth.down使保持低水平,保住,限制;hold out 維持,堅(jiān)持,抵抗,幸存
2.hang out常去某處,泡在某處,掛出,晾曬;hang around等待,逗留,閑蕩;hang about慢悠悠,停一下,等一等,閑蕩,逗留;hang on 抓緊了,等一下,等候,別掛電話;hang up 掛斷電話
3.move on to sth.開(kāi)始做別的事,換話題;move sb.on讓某人離開(kāi)(事故現(xiàn)場(chǎng)等);move out 搬出,遷出;move off啟動(dòng),離去;move along移動(dòng)一下,向前移動(dòng);move in/into sth.搬進(jìn)新居;move in sth.涉足,出入,生活在(某群體)
4.turn around轉(zhuǎn)身,翻身/轉(zhuǎn),好轉(zhuǎn),扭轉(zhuǎn),有起色;turn back原路返回,往回走;turn sb./sth.down拒絕,頂回(建議/提議/提議人),把……調(diào)低,關(guān)小;turn in面朝內(nèi),向內(nèi)拐,上交,提交,呈交;turn off不再聽(tīng),不再想,使厭煩,關(guān)掉,截?cái)啵娏?,水等);turn out出席,結(jié)果……,原來(lái)是,證明是,結(jié)果是;turn over 翻身,翻轉(zhuǎn);turn up被發(fā)現(xiàn),被找到,到達(dá),來(lái)到,露面
【典例】(2013·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)He gives them a pair and then he__44_,looking for more people with cold _45 hands.
A.holds up B.hangs out
C.moves on D.turns around
【解析】C。句意為:他給了他們一副手套,然后他就繼續(xù)走,去尋找那些雙手冰涼的人。故選C項(xiàng)。
十、1.search for搜索,搜尋,查找;search sb./sth.out 找出,查到,搜尋到
2.store up貯存,貯藏,保存;store sth.up(把強(qiáng)烈的感情或問(wèn)題)郁積,憋在心里
3.give away贈(zèng)送,捐贈(zèng),頒發(fā),分發(fā),失去,喪失,錯(cuò)失;give sb./sth.away泄露,暴露;give back歸還,送回,使恢復(fù),使重新獲得;give in屈服,認(rèn)輸,投降,呈上,交上;give up放棄,拋棄,中止,停止,不再抱希望
4.put sth.on 穿,戴,抹,涂,播放,增加體重,發(fā)胖,專門(mén)提供,舉辦,上演,展出;put sb.on讓某人聽(tīng)電話;put away把……收起,把……放回原處,積蓄,攢錢,猛吃/喝;put down降落,著陸,放下,擱在(桌上),寫(xiě)下,記下,鎮(zhèn)壓,平定,人道毀滅;put off取消,撤銷,使反感/疏遠(yuǎn)/分神,攪擾,推遲,延遲;put through完成,達(dá)成,使成功,給……接通電話;put up with sb./sth.容忍,忍受
【典例】(2013·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)He gives them a pair and...On winter days,Mr.Greenberg__46__gloves.
A.searches for B.stores up
C.gives away D.puts on
【解析】C。句意為:在冬天,Mr.Greenberg就給路人贈(zèng)送手套。故選C項(xiàng)。
十一、1.sorry for/about sth.歉疚,慚愧,過(guò)意不去;be/feel sorry for sb.憐憫,同情
2.be satisfied with sb./sth.對(duì)……滿意
3.be proud of 為……自豪,以……為榮;do sb.proud盛情款待,給某人隆重禮遇
4.be surprised by/at sb./sth.為……吃驚;surprise at sth.驚奇/驚訝,意外;take sb./sth.by surprise突襲,出其不意地抓獲,使某人驚詫
【典例】(2013·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)But people who don’t know him are sometimes_51_him.
A.sorry for B.satisfied with
C.proud of D.surprised by
【解析】D。句意為:但不了解他的人,只會(huì)因?yàn)樗男袨槎械匠泽@。故選D項(xiàng)。
十二、prepare for為……做準(zhǔn)備; look for 尋找;fight for為……而戰(zhàn);act for 代替;answer for對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé);apply for申請(qǐng),請(qǐng)求;allow for 考慮到,顧及; account for是……的原因,解釋,占據(jù);ask for要求;call for需要,要求,提倡,邀約;go for襲擊,適用于,想要獲得,喜愛(ài);pay for償還;stand for代表,意味著,主張,支持
【典例】(2012·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I had_25_five interviews with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not_26_get the job.
A.prepared for B.attended
C.asked for D.held
【解析】B。句意為:我參加了一個(gè)公司的五次面試,但是,有一天在公交車運(yùn)行期間,那個(gè)公司的人打電話來(lái)說(shuō)我沒(méi)有獲得這份工作。故選B項(xiàng)。
十三、1.wave at/to sb.揮手,招手;wave sth.aside/ away對(duì)……置之不理,不理會(huì);wave sb./sth.down對(duì)(汽車/司機(jī))揮手示意停下,揮手叫停;wave sb.off 揮手送別
2.drop off打盹,小睡,減少,下降,讓某人下車;drop back/behind后退,落后,落在……后面;drop by/in/ round=drop in on sb.=drop into sth.順便訪問(wèn)/進(jìn)入;drop out of sth.不再參加,退出,脫離,退學(xué),輟學(xué),拒絕傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)
3.call on/upon sb.邀請(qǐng),恭請(qǐng),請(qǐng)求;call at???留;call back再打電話,回電話;call for sb.去接……;call for sth.需要,公開(kāi)要求;call in打電話來(lái);call sb.in招來(lái),叫來(lái)(服務(wù));call sth.in下令收回,要求退回;call off取消,停止進(jìn)行
4.look for尋找
【典例】(2012·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)As I pulled the bus over to_28_a little girl,...
A.wave at B.drop off
C.call on D.look for
【解析】B。句意為:我把公交車開(kāi)到路邊,讓一個(gè)小女孩下車。故選B項(xiàng)。
十四、1.(just)in case以防,萬(wàn)一;in case of sth.如果,假使;in any case不管怎樣,無(wú)論如何; in that case既然那樣,假使那樣的話;be on sb.’s case不停地指責(zé)某人
2.or else否則,不然;or so大約
3.as if=as though似乎,好像,仿佛;as for sb./sth.至于,關(guān)于;as from/of(指起始時(shí)間/日期)自……起;as it is照現(xiàn)狀;as it were可以說(shuō),在一定程度上;as to sth./ as regards sth.關(guān)于,至于
4.now that既然,由于;now and again/then有時(shí),時(shí)常,偶爾;now...now...時(shí)而……時(shí)而……
【典例】(2012·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)...,she handed me an earring_29_saying I should keep it__30_somebody claimed(認(rèn)領(lǐng)) it.
A.in case B.or else
C.as if D.now that
【解析】A。句意為:小女孩把耳環(huán)交給我保管,是考慮到萬(wàn)一有人認(rèn)領(lǐng)。故選A項(xiàng)。
十五、1.listen to 聽(tīng);listen out for sth.留心聽(tīng)(某種聲音);listen in(on/to sth.)竊聽(tīng),監(jiān)聽(tīng),收聽(tīng); listen up注意聽(tīng),留心聽(tīng)
2.talk about談?wù)摚籺alk around/round sth.拐彎抹角地說(shuō),不著邊際地說(shuō);talk sb.down貶低/抑,引降;talk sb./sth.up過(guò)分夸獎(jiǎng),吹捧;talk with sb.about sth.交談,談?wù)?,商?/p>
3.give/deliver a lecture做演講
【典例】(2012·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)She asked me if I would _38_a one-day lecture on stress management to 200 medical workers.
A.listen to B.review
C.give D.talk about
【解析】C。句意為:她問(wèn)我是否愿意給200名醫(yī)護(hù)人員做一個(gè)關(guān)于怎樣調(diào)節(jié)壓力的講座。故選C項(xiàng)。
十六、go up上升/漲,被興建/建造,升起,被炸毀/燒毀;go about繼續(xù)做某事;go after sb.追趕某人,跟在某人后面;go ahead 走在前面,先走,發(fā)生,進(jìn)行;go along繼續(xù),進(jìn)展,發(fā)展;go along with sb./sth.贊同某事,和某人觀點(diǎn)一致;go down倒下,落下,倒在地上,下沉,沉沒(méi),吞下,咽下,下跌,下降,暫停作業(yè)/運(yùn)行;go off離開(kāi)(尤指去做某事),開(kāi)火,爆炸,突發(fā)巨響,熄滅,中斷,入睡,變質(zhì)/壞;go down from(大學(xué)學(xué)期結(jié)束或畢業(yè)時(shí))離校;go down in sth.被寫(xiě)下/載入;go down with sth.患……??;go through(法律,合同等)通過(guò),接受,達(dá)成;go without沒(méi)有……而勉強(qiáng)應(yīng)付/也行
【典例】(2011·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Police reports are full of _35 accidents that occur when people fall into sleep and go _36_the road.
A.up B.off
C.along D.down
【解析】B。句意為:警察報(bào)告中有很多由于開(kāi)車時(shí)睡覺(jué)而把車開(kāi)出了馬路所造成的交通事故。故選B項(xiàng)。
(作者單位:云南省保山市施甸縣第二完全中學(xué))