艾 蓮,張 莉,劉紫燕
435000湖北省黃石市中心醫(yī)院心血管內科
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·短篇論著·
經皮冠狀動脈介入術對急性心肌梗死患者血漿基質金屬蛋白酶9、白介素6及 P選擇素水平的影響研究
艾 蓮,張 莉,劉紫燕
435000湖北省黃石市中心醫(yī)院心血管內科
【摘要】目的探討經皮冠狀動脈介入術(PCI)對急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血漿基質金屬蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、白介素6(IL-6)及P選擇素水平的影響。方法選擇黃石市中心醫(yī)院2013年3月—2015年3月收治的87例AMI患者作為觀察組,同期在該院體檢并與觀察組患者年齡相近的52例健康者作為對照組。采用酶聯免疫吸附法(ELISA)檢測觀察組患者PCI前、PCI后6 d及PCI后90 d,對照組受檢者體檢當天血漿MMP-9、IL-6、P選擇素水平。結果觀察組患者PCI前血漿MMP-9、P選擇素水平高于對照組,血漿IL-6水平低于對照組(P<0.05);觀察組患者PCI后6 d、術后90 d血漿MMP-9、IL-6、P選擇素水平與對照組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);觀察組患者PCI后6 d血漿MMP-9、P選擇素水平低于PCI前,血漿IL-6水平高于PCI前(P<0.05);觀察組患者PCI后90 d血漿MMP-9、P選擇素水平低于PCI前(P<0.05),而血漿IL-6水平與PCI前比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);觀察組患者PCI后90 d血漿MMP-9、IL-6、P選擇素水平與PCI后6 d比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。結論PCI可有效調節(jié)AMI患者血漿MMP-9、IL-6、P選擇素水平,促進其恢復正常。
【關鍵詞】心肌梗死;血管成形術,氣囊,冠狀動脈;基質金屬蛋白酶9;白細胞介素6;P選擇素
艾蓮,張莉,劉紫燕.經皮冠狀動脈介入術對急性心肌梗死患者血漿基質金屬蛋白酶9、白介素6及 P選擇素水平的影響研究[J].實用心腦肺血管病雜志,2016,24(1):64-66.[www.syxnf.net]
Ai L,Zhang L,Liu ZY.Impact of PCI on plasma levels of MMP-9,IL-6 and P-selectin of patients with AMI[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2016,24(1):64-66.
急性心肌梗死(AMI)是臨床常見冠心病類型之一,是指在冠狀粥樣硬化基礎上多種炎性反應共同作用導致急性心肌持續(xù)性缺血缺氧而引起的心肌壞死[1-2]。經皮冠狀動脈介入術(PCI)是目前臨床上常用的AMI治療方法,其可有效開通梗死相關動脈、恢復壞死心肌血流灌注,效果良好,有助于降低AMI患者病死率[3]。眾多研究證實,基質金屬蛋白酶9(MMP-9)和白介素6(IL-6)的異常高表達可誘發(fā)急性冠脈綜合征,而冠心病患者常伴有P選擇素的持續(xù)高表達[4]。本研究采用酶聯免疫吸附法測定PCI前后AMI患者血漿MMP-9、IL-6及 P選擇素水平,并與健康人群進行對照,旨在探討PCI對AMI患者血漿MMP-9、IL-6及 P選擇素水平的影響,為臨床有效治療AMI提供參考。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料選擇黃石市中心醫(yī)院2013年3月—2015年3月收治的87例AMI患者作為觀察組,均符合WHO頒布的急性心肌梗死診斷標準[5]并接受PCI;選擇同期在該院體檢并與觀察組患者年齡相近的52例健康者作為對照組。排除標準:(1)陳舊性心肌梗死、慢性心功能不全患者及曾經接受過PCI者;(2)肝腎功能不全患者;(3)合并嚴重心肌病變和心臟瓣膜病變患者;(4)感染性疾病、糖尿病、惡性腫瘤、全身性免疫性疾病患者。兩組受檢者性別、年齡、吸煙率、高脂血癥發(fā)生率、高血壓發(fā)生率及冠心病家族史陽性率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05,見表1),具有可比性。
表1 兩組受檢者一般資料比較
注:a為t值
1.2PCI患者進入手術室后均進行心電、血壓及血氧監(jiān)護,建立靜脈輸液通路并給予阿托品0.01 mg/kg、咪達唑侖0.05 mg/kg、維庫溴銨0.1 mg/kg、丙泊酚2.0~2.5 mg/kg,氣管插管后給予丙泊酚60 μg·kg-1·min-1持續(xù)輸注及瑞芬太尼0.10~0.25 μg/kg持續(xù)輸注以維持麻醉;行常規(guī)PCI并于術后給予昂丹司瓊8 mg靜脈滴注,術畢拔除氣管導管并采用自控鎮(zhèn)痛泵進行鎮(zhèn)痛。
1.3觀察指標觀察組患者分別于PCI前、PCI后6 d及PCI后90 d,對照組受檢者于體檢當天采集空腹外周靜脈血5 ml,置于抗凝管中,離心分離血漿,-80 ℃保存待測;采用酶聯免疫吸附法測定血漿MMP-9、IL-6、P選擇素水平,試劑盒為MMP-9、IL-6、P選擇素酶聯免疫吸附試驗專用試劑盒,嚴格按照試劑盒說明書進行操作。
2結果
觀察組患者PCI前血漿MMP-9、P選擇素水平高于對照組,血漿IL-6水平低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);觀察組患者PCI后6d、術后90d血漿MMP-9、IL-6、P選擇素水平與對照組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);觀察組患者PCI后6d血漿MMP-9、P選擇素水平低于PCI前,血漿IL-6水平高于PCI前,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);觀察組患者PCI后90d血漿MMP-9、P選擇素水平低于PCI前,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),而血漿IL-6水平與PCI前比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);觀察組患者PCI后90d血漿MMP-9、IL-6、P選擇素水平與PCI后6d比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05,見表2)。
表2兩組受檢者PCI前后血漿MMP-9、IL-6、P選擇素水平比較
Table2ComparisonofplasmalevelsofMMP-9,IL-6andP-selectinbetweenthetwogroupsbeforeandafterPCI
組別例數MMP-9IL-6P選擇素對照組52421.52±75.2485.57±17.29147.85±68.32觀察組-PCI前87689.14±95.43a64.45±25.31b224.37±87.42c觀察組-PCI后6d87338.15±89.27dj78.94±14.88ek151.39±56.78fl觀察組-PCI后90d87324.15±78.95gmp66.51±12.54hnq180.00±70.62ior
注:MMP-9=基質金屬蛋白酶9,IL-6=白介素;與對照組比較,at=22.410,aP=0.002,bt=-7.852,bP=0.003,ct=5.661,cP=0.006,dt=2.340,dP=0.502,et=-0.482,eP=0.381,ft=-0.385,fP=0.495,gt=5.214,gP=0.541,ht=-2.548,hP=0.214,it=2.365,iP=0.189;與觀察組-PCI前比較,jt=14.569,jP=0.000,kt=-8.750,kP=0.000,lt=4.879,lP=0.000,mt=15.175,mP=0.000,nt=1.026,nP=0.241,ot=3.072,oP=0.025;與觀察組-PCI后6 d比較,pt=3.451,pP=0.854,qt=-2.154,qP=0.214,rt=5.689,rP=0.512
3討論
急性心肌梗死患者主要臨床表現為胸部悶痛、心力衰竭、心律失常及休克等,積極采用科學有效的治療方法有助于改善急性心肌梗死患者預后。PCI可經心導管疏通狹窄甚至閉塞的動脈管腔,從而減輕心肌損傷及改善心肌血流再灌注[6-7],近年來藥物洗脫支架的應用有效降低了冠狀動脈內支架再狹窄率,標志著冠心病的介入治療進入一個新紀元。
MMP-9也稱白明膠酶B、Ⅳ型膠原酶,在血小板破裂、細胞基質及膠原蛋白降解過程中發(fā)揮著重要作用[8]。正常人體內MMP-9表達量較低,各種病理因素導致血管通透性增加時MMP-9合成及分泌增多,體內MMP-9含量增高[9]。本研究結果顯示,觀察組患者PCI前血漿MMP-9水平高于對照組,而觀察組患者PCI后6 d、術后90 d血漿MMP-9水平與對照組比較則無明顯差異;觀察組患者PCI后6 d、90 d血漿MMP-9水平低于PCI前,而觀察組患者PCI后90 d血漿MMP-9水平與PCI后6 d比較則無明顯差異,提示MMP-9參與急性心肌梗死的發(fā)生及發(fā)展,而PCI可有效改善AMI患者心肌灌注,降低血漿MMP-9水平。
IL-6是一種炎性細胞因子,主要由成纖維細胞、單核/巨噬細胞、T淋巴細胞、B淋巴細胞、上皮細胞、角質細胞及多種瘤細胞分泌。白介素1(IL-1)、腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)、血小板源性生長因子(PDGF)分泌增多及病毒感染等均可誘使正常細胞產生IL-6[10]。IL-6可刺激參與免疫反應的細胞增殖、分化并增強其免疫功能[11]。研究表明,充血性心力衰竭(congestive heart failure,CHF)患者循環(huán)及組織中IL-6含量持續(xù)升高,而持續(xù)升高的IL-6會導致機體促炎因子/抑炎因子失衡,進而導致心肌損傷,且循環(huán)IL-6水平與心肌炎、心肌病、移植排斥反應及左心室輔助裝置(LVAD)等所致的CHF患者的左心室功能障礙嚴重程度密切相關,可在一定程度上預測CHF患者預后[12]。本研究結果顯示,觀察組患者PCI前血漿IL-6水平低于對照組,而觀察組患者PCI后6 d、術后90 d血漿IL-6與對照組比較則無明顯差異;觀察組患者PCI后6 d血漿IL-6水平高于PCI前,而觀察組患者PCI后90 d血漿IL-6水平與PCI前比較則無明顯差異,觀察組患者PCI后90 d血漿IL-6水平與PCI后6 d比較亦無明顯差異,表明PCI可有效調節(jié)AMI患者炎性因子,促進血漿IL-6水平恢復正常,進而改善患者預后。
P選擇素是一種糖蛋白,相對分子量為140 000,主要存在于血管內皮細胞Weibe-l Palade小體膜上及血小板α顆粒膜上[13],受到組胺、凝血酶、佛波酯及鈣離子載體刺激后其表達迅速升高;此外,缺氧/再氧化或氧自由基也可誘導P選擇素的表達。P選擇素凝集素樣區(qū)是配體結合部位的關鍵序列,其配體包括唾液酸化路易斯寡糖X(S-Lewis X)和具有高親和力的P選擇素糖蛋白配體1,這兩種配體主要表達于中性粒細胞和單核細胞,因此P選擇素主要介導粒細胞和單核細胞在內皮細胞表面的滾動、粒細胞及單核細胞與血小板的黏附等。本研究結果顯示,觀察組患者PCI前血漿P選擇素水平高于對照組,而觀察組患者PCI后6 d、術后90 d血漿P選擇素水平與對照組比較則無明顯差異;觀察組患者PCI后6 d、90 d血漿P選擇素水平低于PCI前,而觀察組患者PCI后90 d血漿P選擇素水平與PCI后6 d比較則無明顯差異,表明PCI可有效調節(jié)AMI患者粒細胞及單核細胞功能,促進血漿P選擇素水平恢復正常。
綜上所述,PCI可有效調節(jié)AMI患者血漿MMP-9、IL-6、P選擇素水平,促進其恢復正常,這對改善AMI患者心肌灌注、減輕炎性反應及調節(jié)粒細胞和單核細胞功能具有重要意義。
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(本文編輯:鹿飛飛)
Impact of PCI on Plasma Levels of MMP-9,IL-6 and P-selectin of Patients With AMI
AILian,ZHANGLi,LIUZi-yan.
DepartmentofCardiovascularMedicine,theCentralHospitalofHuangshi,Huangshi435000,China
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of PCI on plasma levels of MMP-9,IL-6 and P-selectin of patients with AMI.MethodsFrom March 2013 to March 2015 in the Central Hospital of Huangshi,a total of 87 patients with AMI were selected as observation group,a total of 52 healthy people were selected as control group.Before PCI,after 6 days and 90 days of PCI,ELISA was used to detect the plasma levels of MMP-9,IL-6 and P-selectin of observation group,while above index of control group were detected on the day for physical examination.ResultsPlasma levels of MMP-9 and P-selectin of observation group were statistically significantly higher than those of control group before PCI,while plasma IL-6 level of observation group was statistically significantly lower than that of control group before PCI(P<0.05);no statistically significant differences of plasma level of MMP-9,IL-6 or P-selectin was found between the two groups after 6 days or 90 days of PCI(P>0.05);after 6 days of PCI,plasma levels of MMP-9 and P-selectin of observation group were statistically significantly lower than those before PCI,while plasma IL-6 level of observation group was statistically significantly higher than that before PCI(P<0.05);after 90 days of PCI,plasma levels of MMP-9 and P-selectin of observation group were statistically significantly lower than those before PCI(P<0.05),while no statistically significant differences of plasma IL-6 level of observation group was found compared with that before PCI(P>0.05);after 90 days of PCI,no statistically significant differences of plasma level of MMP-9,IL-6 or P-selectin of observation group was found compared with those after 6 days of PCI(P>0.05).ConclusionPCI can effectively adjust the plasma levels of MMP-9,IL-6 and P-selectin of patients with AMI,is helpful to promote their recovery.
【Key words】Myocardial infarction;Angioplasty,balloon,coronary;Matrix Metalloproteinase 9;Interleukin-6;P-selectin
(收稿日期:2015-09-05;修回日期:2016-01-15)
【中圖分類號】R 542.22
【文獻標識碼】B
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.01.018
通信作者:張莉,435000湖北省黃石市中心醫(yī)院心血管內科;E-mail:623653052@qq.com
基金項目:湖北省自然科學基金資助項目(2013FFB05310)