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        血清脂蛋白相關(guān)磷脂酶A2水平與急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急診經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入術(shù)中無復(fù)流的關(guān)系研究

        2016-03-23 01:36:52李詩成
        實用心腦肺血管病雜志 2016年1期

        程 飛,李詩成,涂 昌,蘭 軍

        523326廣東省東莞市第三人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科

        ?

        ·論著·

        血清脂蛋白相關(guān)磷脂酶A2水平與急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急診經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入術(shù)中無復(fù)流的關(guān)系研究

        程 飛,李詩成,涂 昌,蘭 軍

        523326廣東省東莞市第三人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科

        【摘要】目的 探討血清脂蛋白相關(guān)磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)水平與急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ASTEMI)患者急診經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入(PCI)術(shù)中無復(fù)流的關(guān)系。方法連續(xù)選取2013年8月—2014年10月東莞市第三人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科收治的因ASTEMI住院并行急診PCI的患者158例,根據(jù)急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流發(fā)生情況分為正常復(fù)流組128例和無復(fù)流組30例。比較兩組患者臨床資料,包括年齡、性別、吸煙情況、血壓、心率、空腹血糖、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、血清Lp-PLA2水平、發(fā)病-再灌注時間、入院至球囊擴(kuò)張時間(D2B)、球囊擴(kuò)張次數(shù)、支架數(shù)量、支架長度、血栓抽吸情況、合并其他血管病變情況及冠狀動脈〔左前降支(LAD)、右冠狀動脈(RCA)、左回旋支(LCX)〕閉塞情況,采用多因素logistic回歸分析篩選ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流的影響因素。結(jié)果兩組患者年齡、性別、吸煙率、收縮壓、舒張壓、心率、空腹血糖、LDL-C、D2B、球囊擴(kuò)張次數(shù)、支架數(shù)量、支架長度、血栓抽吸率、合并其他血管病變者所占比例及LAD、RCA、LCX閉塞發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);無復(fù)流組患者血清Lp-PLA2水平高于正常血流組、發(fā)病-再灌注時間長于正常血流組(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,血清Lp-PLA2水平〔OR=3.203,95%CI(1.734,5.919)〕、發(fā)病-再灌注時間〔OR=8.908,95%CI(3.698,21.464)〕是ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流的獨(dú)立危險因素(P<0.05);校正發(fā)病-再灌注時間后,多因素logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,血清Lp-PLA2水平是ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流的獨(dú)立危險因素〔回歸系數(shù)=1.160,OR=3.190,95%CI(1.955,5.204),P=0.000〕。結(jié)論血清Lp-PLA2水平是ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流的獨(dú)立危險因素,早期檢測血清Lp-PLA2水平可初步評估PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流發(fā)生風(fēng)險。

        【關(guān)鍵詞】心肌梗死;脂蛋白磷脂酶A2;血管成形術(shù),氣囊,冠狀動脈;無復(fù)流

        程飛,李詩成,涂昌,等.血清脂蛋白相關(guān)磷脂酶A2水平與急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急診經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入術(shù)中無復(fù)流的關(guān)系研究[J].實用心腦肺血管病雜志,2016,24(1):16-19,28.[www.syxnf.net]

        Cheng F, Li SC,Tu C,et al.Relationship between serum Lp-PLA2 level and intra-operative no-reflow of ASTEMI patients treated by primary PCI[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2016,24(1):16-19,28.

        急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,ASTEMI)是冠心病的嚴(yán)重類型,急診經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治療ASTEMI具有冠狀動脈開通率高、并發(fā)癥少、病死率低等優(yōu)點。隨著ASTEMI急診PCI的普及,無復(fù)流發(fā)生率增高,嚴(yán)重影響患者的預(yù)后,且成為心血管介入醫(yī)生面臨的一大難題。無復(fù)流是指接受PCI的心肌梗死患者梗死相關(guān)動脈(IRA)開通,心外膜冠狀動脈閉塞解除,排除冠狀動脈痙攣、栓塞、撕裂、夾層等情況,心肌組織仍存在灌注不足的現(xiàn)象[1-3]。出現(xiàn)無復(fù)流的患者再梗死、惡性心律失常、充血性心力衰竭和心源性猝死的發(fā)生率和病死率均明顯升高,嚴(yán)重影響急診PCI的臨床療效,因此預(yù)測無復(fù)流的發(fā)生、對無復(fù)流高危患者采取相應(yīng)措施至關(guān)重要。脂蛋白相關(guān)磷脂酶A2(lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2,Lp-PLA2)是一種炎性標(biāo)志物[4],眾多研究表明,Lp-PLA2水平升高與急性冠脈綜合征(ACS)患者冠狀動脈事件發(fā)生率增高有關(guān)[5-7]。目前有關(guān)Lp-PLA2與ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流關(guān)系的研究報道較少。本研究擬探討血清Lp-PLA2水平與ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流的關(guān)系,旨在為無復(fù)流尋找一種有效的預(yù)測因子,進(jìn)而減少無復(fù)流的發(fā)生,改善患者預(yù)后。

        1資料與方法

        1.1一般資料連續(xù)選擇2013年8月—2014年10月東莞市第三人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科收治的因ASTEMI住院并行急診PCI患者158例。ASTEMI診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):持續(xù)胸痛時間≥30 min,含服硝酸甘油不能緩解;相鄰兩個或以上導(dǎo)聯(lián)ST段弓背向上抬高:在胸導(dǎo)聯(lián)ST段抬高≥0.2 mV和/或其他導(dǎo)聯(lián)≥0.1 mV;血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)和/或肌鈣蛋白T升高至少1倍以上[8]。并排除合并心肌炎、心肌病、妊娠、感染、腫瘤、創(chuàng)傷、嚴(yán)重肝腎功能不全及自身免疫性疾病患者。所有患者采用Judkins法經(jīng)橈動脈或股動脈途徑行冠狀動脈造影檢查及PCI,檢查結(jié)果由兩位有經(jīng)驗的介入醫(yī)師獨(dú)立分析明確診斷,其中TIMI血流分級≤Ⅱ級者即可診斷為無復(fù)流。根據(jù)急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流發(fā)生情況將所有患者分為正常復(fù)流組128例和無復(fù)流組30例。

        1.2TIMI血流分級0 級:無再灌注或閉塞遠(yuǎn)端無血流;Ⅰ級:部分灌注,造影劑部分通過閉塞部位,但不能使遠(yuǎn)端冠狀動脈充分顯影;Ⅱ級:部分再灌注或造影劑能完全充盈冠狀動脈遠(yuǎn)端,但造影劑進(jìn)入和清除的速度都較正常的冠狀動脈慢;Ⅲ級:完全再灌注,造影劑在冠狀動脈內(nèi)能迅速充盈和清除。

        1.4觀察指標(biāo)比較兩組患者臨床資料,包括年齡、性別、吸煙情況、血壓、心率、空腹血糖、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、血清Lp-PLA2水平、發(fā)病-再灌注時間、入院至球囊擴(kuò)張時間(D2B)、球囊擴(kuò)張次數(shù)、支架數(shù)量、支架長度、血栓抽吸情況、合并其他血管病變情況及冠狀動脈〔左前降支(LAD)、右冠狀動脈(RCA)、左回旋支(LCX)〕閉塞情況。

        2結(jié)果

        2.1單因素分析兩組患者年齡、性別、吸煙率、收縮壓、舒張壓、心率、空腹血糖、LDL-C、D2B、球囊擴(kuò)張次數(shù)、支架數(shù)量、支架長度、血栓抽吸率、合并其他血管病變者所占比例及LAD、RCA、LCX閉塞發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);無復(fù)流組患者血清Lp-PLA2水平高于正常血流組、發(fā)病-再灌注時間長于正常血流組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表1)。

        2.2多因素分析采用逐步篩選法最終選取Lp-PLA2、發(fā)病-再灌注時間、球囊擴(kuò)張次數(shù)、支架數(shù)量、支架長度、血栓抽吸、冠狀動脈閉塞部位、合并其他血管病變作為自變量(賦值見表2),將無復(fù)流作為因變量(否=0,是=1)進(jìn)行多因素logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示血清Lp-PLA2水平、發(fā)病-再灌注時間是ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流的獨(dú)立危險因素(P<0.05,見表3)。校正發(fā)病-再灌注時間后,多因素logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,血清Lp-PLA2水平是ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流的獨(dú)立危險因素〔回歸系數(shù)=1.160,OR=3.190,95%CI(1.955,5.204),P=0.000〕。

        表2 變量賦值

        表3ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流影響因素的多因素logistic回歸分析

        Table 3Multivariate logistic regression analysis on influencing factors of intra-operative no-reflow of ASTEMI patients treated by primary PCI

        變量回歸系數(shù)SEWaldχ2值OR(95%CI)P值Lp-PLA21.1640.31313.8253.203(1.734,5.919)0.000發(fā)病-再灌注時間2.1870.44923.7628.908(3.698,21.464)0.000球囊擴(kuò)張次數(shù)0.0150.3910.0011.015(0.472,2.182)0.970支架數(shù)量-0.0030.5610.0001.003(0.332,2.995)0.995支架長度0.3110.3960.6191.365(0.628,2.967)0.431血栓抽吸-0.2270.7630.1311.255(0.170,3.384)0.717冠狀動脈閉塞位置0.2750.6730.1671.317(0.352,4.926)0.683合并其他血管病變-0.8510.4942.9662.341(0.162,3.125)0.085

        3討論

        隨著冠狀動脈介入技術(shù)的發(fā)展,ASTEMI患者行急診PCI在臨床逐漸得到普及,且挽救了眾多患者的生命并改善了患者的預(yù)后,其已成為治療ASTEMI的有效方法[9]。有研究顯示,冠狀動脈慢血流、無復(fù)流是PCI術(shù)中的嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥,在ACS患者行急診PCI術(shù)中尤為常見,其發(fā)生率高達(dá)20%[10-12]。有研究顯示,PCI術(shù)中出現(xiàn)無復(fù)流的患者易發(fā)生充血性心力衰竭、惡性心律失常和心源性猝死[3,13]。已有多個研究證實,慢血流、無復(fù)流對患者預(yù)后具有明顯的負(fù)面影響,抵消了PCI帶來的益處,且直接影響PCI的近期成功率[3,14]。目前,冠狀動脈慢血流、無復(fù)流的發(fā)生原因和發(fā)生機(jī)制尚未完全清楚,可能與微循環(huán)內(nèi)皮功能障礙有關(guān),包括缺血損傷、再灌注損傷、遠(yuǎn)端微循環(huán)栓塞及冠狀動脈微循環(huán)易損性[15]。研究顯示,血栓抽吸導(dǎo)管的應(yīng)用可明顯降低PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流發(fā)生率,尤其是高血栓負(fù)荷病變患者[16];且在溶栓失敗后行補(bǔ)救PCI時,采用手動血栓抽吸仍能明顯降低無復(fù)流發(fā)生率[17]。雖然急診PCI術(shù)中聯(lián)合血栓抽吸、冠狀動脈內(nèi)注射藥物及提前使用他汀類藥物均可有效減少無復(fù)流發(fā)生率[5,18],但仍不能完全避免無復(fù)流的發(fā)生。目前,眾多學(xué)者認(rèn)為針對PCI術(shù)中慢血流、無復(fù)流,預(yù)防比治療更重要,因此如何在ASTEMI急診PCI術(shù)前預(yù)測無復(fù)流的發(fā)生風(fēng)險具有重要的臨床意義。Lp-PLA2是一種炎性標(biāo)志物,與氧化應(yīng)激及內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能損害有關(guān),其是冠心病冠狀動脈狹窄程度及斑塊不穩(wěn)定性的獨(dú)立危險因素[19-20],亦是冠心病、心肌梗死后心血管事件的獨(dú)立預(yù)測因子[21-22]。

        表1 ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流影響因素的單因素分析

        注:LDL-C=低密度脂蛋白膽固醇,Lp-PLA2=脂蛋白相關(guān)磷脂酶A2,D2B=入院至球囊擴(kuò)張時間,LAD=左前降支,RCA=右冠狀動脈,LCX=左回旋支;1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa;a為χ2值

        本研究結(jié)果顯示,血清Lp-PLA2水平、發(fā)病-再灌注時間是ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流的獨(dú)立危險因素,且校正發(fā)病-再灌注時間后,多因素logistic回歸分析結(jié)果仍顯示,血清Lp-PLA2水平是ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流的獨(dú)立危險因素,因此血清Lp-PLA2水平可作為PCI術(shù)前初步評估術(shù)中無復(fù)流的預(yù)測因素。有研究表明,球囊擴(kuò)張次數(shù)、支架數(shù)量、支架長度、血栓抽吸、合并其他血管病變等可能參與ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流的發(fā)生[11,15-18],因此臨床上主張對無復(fù)流高發(fā)生風(fēng)險患者術(shù)中采取減少球囊擴(kuò)張次數(shù)和支架數(shù)量、縮短支架長度、提前使用血管擴(kuò)張劑或血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa受體拮抗劑及血栓抽吸等措施來減少無復(fù)流的發(fā)生。但本研究結(jié)果顯示,球囊擴(kuò)張次數(shù)、支架數(shù)量、支架長度、血栓抽吸、合并其他血管病變與ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流的發(fā)生無關(guān),可能與本研究所選患者在急診PCI術(shù)中球囊預(yù)擴(kuò)張次數(shù)一般不超過3次、置入支架一般不超過2個等操作習(xí)慣有關(guān)。D2B是發(fā)病-再灌注時間的一部分,應(yīng)與無復(fù)流有關(guān),但本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組患者D2B間無差異,可能與本研究入選患者D2B均在1.5 h內(nèi)有關(guān)。

        綜上所述,血清Lp-PLA2水平是ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流的獨(dú)立危險因素,早期檢測血清Lp-PLA2水平可初步評估PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流的發(fā)生風(fēng)險,應(yīng)采取相應(yīng)措施以減少無復(fù)流的發(fā)生,改善患者的預(yù)后。但由于本研究樣本量較小,血清Lp-PLA2水平是否能有效預(yù)測ASTEMI患者急診PCI術(shù)中無復(fù)流的發(fā)生,尚需臨床研究進(jìn)一步證實。

        作者貢獻(xiàn):程飛、蘭軍進(jìn)行實驗設(shè)計與實施、資料收集整理、撰寫論文、成文并對文章負(fù)責(zé);程飛、涂昌、李詩成進(jìn)行實驗實施、評估、資料收集;蘭軍進(jìn)行質(zhì)量控制及審校。

        本文無利益沖突。

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        (本文編輯:謝武英)

        Relationship Between Serum Lp-PLA2 Level and Intra-operative No-reflow of ASTEMI Patients Treated by Primary PCI

        CHENGFei,LIShi-cheng,TUChang,etal.

        DepartmentofCardiology,theThirdPeople′sHospitalofDongguan,Dongguan523326,China

        【Abstract】ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between serum Lp-PLA2 level and intra-operative no-reflow of ASTEMI patients treated by primary PCI.MethodsA total of 158 ASTEMI patients treated by primary PCI were selected in the Third People′s Hospital of Dongguan from August 2013 to October 2014,and they were divided into A group(without intra-operative no-reflow,n=128)and B group(without intra-operative no-reflow,n=30)according to the incidence of intra-operative no-reflow.Clinical data was compared between the two groups,including age,gender,smoking status,blood pressure,heart rate,F(xiàn)BG,LDL-C,serum Lp-PLA2 level,duration between attack and reperfusion,duration between admission and balloon dilatation,times of balloon dilatation,number of stents,length of stents,thrombus aspiration condition,complication of other vasculopathy,occlusion situation of LAD,RCA and LCX,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of intra-operative no-reflow of ASTEMI patients treated by primary PCI.ResultsNo statistically significant differences of age,gender,smoking rate,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,heart rate,F(xiàn)BG,LDL-C,duration between admission and balloon dilatation,times of balloon dilatation,number of stents,length of stents,thrombus aspiration rate,proportion of complication of other vasculopathy,occlusion rate of LAD,RCA or LCX was found between the two groups(P>0.05);while duration between attack and reperfusion of A group was statistically significantly longer than that of B group,serum Lp-PLA2 level of A group was statistically significantly higher than that of B group(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,serum Lp-PLA2 level〔OR=3.203,95%CI(1.734,5.919)〕,duration between attack and reperfusion〔OR=8.908,95%CI(3.698,21.464)〕were independent risk factors of intra-operative no-reflow of ASTEMI patients treated by primary PCI(P<0.05);after correction of duration between attack and reperfusion,the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,serum Lp-PLA2 level was an independent risk factor of intra-operative no-reflow of ASTEMI patients treated by primary PCI〔B=1.160,OR=3.190,95%CI(1.955,5.204),P=0.000〕.ConclusionSerum Lp-PLA2 level is an independent risk factor of intra-operative no-reflow of ASTEMI patients treated by primary PCI,early detection of serum Lp-PLA2 level is helpful to evaluate the risk of intra-operative no-reflow of ASTEMI patients treated by primary PCI.

        【Key words】Myocardial infarction;Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2;Angioplasty,balloon,coronary;No-reflow

        (收稿日期:2015-10-23;修回日期:2016-01-14)

        【中圖分類號】R 542.22

        【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼】A

        doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.01.005

        通信作者:蘭軍,523326廣東省東莞市第三人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科;E-mail:mdcf2006@126.com

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