河南 龐先慶

語法填空專項訓(xùn)練

河南 龐先慶

Passage 1

新鮮度★★★★☆ 難度 ★★★★☆ 話題 購物 關(guān)鍵詞 bargain體裁 記敘文 短文詞數(shù) 240 建議時間 8分鐘 正確率 /10

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Many people have experienced bargaining，and have different opinions about it.In some countries，it is common and acceptable， 1 in other counties，it is considered an unpleasant action.In my hometown，bargaining is common，although hard for some people.It was worrying about 2 （look）down upon by others that stopped me from bargaining.But many of my friends helped me get rid of that idea，and they taught me how to do it.3 （gradual），I learned to do it well，and now I love to bargain.I have had many experiences of bargaining.

One day，I went to 4 open-air market with my friend， 5 there were many beautiful things on display.While my friend was busy shopping，I looked around and found a very 6 （beauty）pearl necklace.I secretly admired it for a long time before asking the price.The seller asked for one hundred dollars.It was a very high price，and I knew he was asking 7 much，so I threw up my hands， 8（pretend）to be discouraged.

I started to walk away，but the seller took 9（held）of me and asked how much I wanted to pay.I had heard that when you buy something in an open-air market，you should bargain to get the price down 10 about seventy percent，so I offered a price.He said that he couldn’t sell it for that.After a few minutes of bargaining，we agreed on forty-five dollars.

【文本出處】http://www.topics-mag.com/edition24/ bargaining/easier.htm

【New Words】bargain vi.（常與with，for連用）講價 get rid of 擺脫，去掉

【文本導(dǎo)讀】看著掛在櫥窗里昂貴的衣服，想買卻又苦于不會砍價，只能選擇默默地離開。你是否有過這樣的煩惱？生活中討價還價是有技巧的。

【題目解讀】

1.but。考查連詞。根據(jù)句意可知，空白處前后分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再根據(jù)標(biāo)點符號判斷此處應(yīng)填but。

2.being looked?？疾榉侵^語動詞。根據(jù)空白處前后的“about”和“by”可知，這里應(yīng)填being looked，構(gòu)成被動結(jié)構(gòu)。

3.Gradually?？疾楦痹~。gradual的副詞形式是gradually。

4.an。考查冠詞。這里market表示泛指，單詞openair是以元音音素開頭，所以用不定冠詞an。

5.where。考查定語從句。“5 there were many beautiful things on display”是定語從句，所修飾的先行詞“market”在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用where。

6.beautiful。考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞，beauty的形容詞形式是beautiful。

7.too。考查副詞。根據(jù)下文可知，這里表示作者嫌貨主要價太高。too much意為“太多”。

8.pretending?？疾榉侵^語動詞。這里用pretending作伴隨狀語。

9.hold。考查動詞短語。take hold of是固定詞組，意為“抓住”。

10.by。考查介詞。by與“about seventy percent”連用，表示討價還價的幅度。

【難句析讀】

原句：I had heard that when you buy something in an openair market，you should bargain to get the price down by about seventy percent，so I offered a price.

譯文：我聽說，當(dāng)在露天市場買東西的時候，你應(yīng)該談條件把價降下70%來，因此我就提出了一個價格。

分析：整體上，本句是一個由so連接的有因果關(guān)系的并列復(fù)合句。其中，第一個分句是一個主從復(fù)合句，“I had heard...”是主句，其后面部分是賓語從句；在該賓語從句中，有一個when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。

Passage 2

新鮮度 ★★★☆☆ 難度 ★★★☆☆ 話題 學(xué)校 關(guān)鍵詞 class體裁 說明文 短文詞數(shù) 200 建議時間 5分鐘 正確率 /10

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Alice：How was your class today，Tracy?

Tracy：It was quite 1（interest），but I was surprised to see how quiet the students are in class here.

Alice：What do you mean 2 that?

Tracy：Alice，when I was in high school in the States，we were always 3 （noise），and asking a lot of questions.Here，the students are 4 （complete）different.

Alice：Well，maybe it’s because your classmates don’t know each other that well yet.5 they get to know each other，you will see that they also whisper，pass notes，and daydream in class.

Tracy：Is that so?6 students here must really respect their teachers very much，because I see all of them do 7 their teachers say.

Alice：We 8 （teach）that we should respect our teachers as we respect our parents since we were in kindergarten.

Tracy：I see.The situation is quite different in the States.9 （teach）definitely is not a wonderful job there.

Alice：Yes，it seems that I read something like that in Newsweek.

Tracy：It’s true.The current situation is so bad 10 there is a critical shortage of teachers in U.S.school systems.

【文本出處】http://www.etweb.fju.edu.tw/tracy/speaking/

【New Words】definitely adv.明確地 current adj.現(xiàn)時的 critical adj.危急的

【文本導(dǎo)讀】我們常聽一些到過美國的人說，美國的課堂簡直是“無法無天”：學(xué)生上課可以吃東西、隨便談話。難道美國的課堂真沒有什么課堂紀(jì)律嗎?

【題目解讀】

1.interesting?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。課堂“很有趣”，所以此處要用interesting。

2.by?？疾榻樵~。本句意為“你的意思是什么?”，故此處應(yīng)用by。

3.noisy?？疾樾稳菰~。由系動詞are可推斷此處要用形容詞作表語，應(yīng)填noisy。

4.completely?？疾楦痹~。形容詞different要用副詞completely來修飾。

5.Once?？疾檫B詞。此處要用once表示條件，意為“一旦……”。

6.The?？疾楣谠~。由here可知此處特指“這里的學(xué)生”，所以應(yīng)用定冠詞The。

7.whatever?？疾檫B接詞。because所在句子用來判斷孩子非常尊重老師的原因，因為“他們做老師所吩咐的一切”，故此處應(yīng)用whatever。

8.have been taught?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。從后面的時間狀語“since we were in kindergarten”可知，前面要用完成時態(tài)，而“我們”顯然是被教，所以此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)have been taught。

9.Teaching?？疾榉侵^語動詞。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)用動名詞Teaching作主語。

10.that?？疾檫B接詞。本題考查“so...that...”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“當(dāng)前的形勢如此糟糕以至于美國教育體系急缺教師資源”。

【難句析讀】

原句：Once they get to know each other，you will see that they also whisper，pass notes，and daydream in class.

譯文：一旦他們彼此認(rèn)識了，你就會看到他們也會竊竊私語、傳紙條甚至在課堂上睡覺。

分析：本句是一個主從復(fù)合句，“you will see...”是主句，“Once they get to know each other”是條件狀語從句；在主句中，“they also whisper，pass notes，and daydream in class”是that引導(dǎo)的從句作主句謂語動詞see的賓語。

Passage 3

新鮮度★★★★☆ 話題 節(jié)日 關(guān)鍵詞 International Volunteer Day體裁 說明文短文★☆ 難度★★★詞數(shù) 230 建議時間 7分鐘正確率 /10

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

International Volunteer Day was founded in 1985.Then the 40th United Nations Generals Assembly approved making December 5th as the International Volunteer Day.

Since then，governments，the UN system and civil society organizations have 1（success）joined volunteers around the world to celebrate the Day on 5 December.Many nations and governments hold various activities in this day，making public and advocating the volunteers ’ 2（contribute）to the society and their strong spirit.

Volunteers are ones 3 make use of their own part-time time，and participate 4 social service for no charge.They contribute a lot in the aspects of rebuilding home，developing economy with promoting social civilization progressing etc.

The Day encourages volunteer deeds to development at the local，national and international levels.Through the years，International Volunteer Day has been well developed to fight poverty，hunger，disease， 5（environment）problems and discrimination against women.

The 6（organize）of International Volunteer Day is generally the result of a partnership between the UN system，governments and volunteers.

The cultural form and explanation of a volunteer may change 7（depend）on circumstances， 8 the basic principle never changes：every individual can make a 9（different）in society.Beyond helping to promote the greater good，volunteers enrich their own lives. As one volunteer recently put 10，“I feel as though I am able to help in the world and use my skills. It allows me to really feel as though I am part of the world community.”

【文本出處】http://www.volunteerfingal.ie/events/187-international-volunteer-day-5-december-2010.html

【New Words】approve vt.批準(zhǔn) advocate vt.提倡

participate vi.參與 discrimination n.歧視

【文本導(dǎo)讀】志愿服務(wù)是整個社會和諧運(yùn)行的保障，也是人類精神文明的突出體現(xiàn)。身為志愿者，是一份無上的榮耀，更是一份沉甸甸的責(zé)任。12月5日，我們即將迎來一年一度的國際志愿者日。現(xiàn)在讓我們一起走近它。

【題目解讀】

1.successfully?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞join，success的副詞形式是successfully。

2.contributions?？疾槊~。contribute的名詞形式是contribution，根據(jù)句意，這里應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。

3.who/that?？疾槎ㄕZ從句?！癿ake use of their own part-time time...”是定語從句，其先行詞“ones”表示人，并在從句中作主語。

4.in?？疾榻樵~?！皃articipate in”是固定詞組，意為“參與”。

5.environmental?？疾樵~性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞problems應(yīng)用形容詞，environment的形容詞形式是environmental。

6.organisation?？疾槊~。organize的名詞形式是organisation。

7.depending?？疾榉侵^語動詞。depending作伴隨狀語。

8.but?？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)句意，空白處前后分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故應(yīng)填but。

9.difference?？疾槊~。make a difference是固定詞組，意為“大有作為”。

10.it?？疾榇~。“put it”是固定表達(dá)，意為“表明”。

【難句析讀】

原句：Many nations and governments hold various activities in this day，making public and advocating the volunteers’contributions to the society and their strong spirit.

譯文：許多國家及政府都在這天舉辦各種活動，大力宣傳、贊揚(yáng)和倡導(dǎo)志愿者為社會義務(wù)服務(wù)的重要作用與奉獻(xiàn)精神。

分析：“making public and advocating the volunteersc’ontributions to the society and their strong spirit”在句中作伴隨狀語。

Passage 4

新鮮度★★★與周圍的人 關(guān)鍵詞 Jane Goodall體裁 記敘文 短文★☆ 難度 ★★★★☆ 話題家庭、朋友詞數(shù) 240 建議時間 7分鐘 正確率 /10

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Jane Goodall，an English 1（environment），born on 3 April 1934 in London，and well-known for her 45-year study of chimpanzee，has worked to protect animals and change people’s opinions on the natural world.

As a child，Goodall was given a lifelike chimpanzee toy 2（name）Jubilee by her father.Goodall was not very 3（interest）in animals until her father brought her the animal.Today，the toy still sits on her dresser.

Goodall is best known for her study of chimpanzees’social and family life.In 1977，Goodall founded the Jane Goodall Institute， 4 supports the research，and she is a global leader in the effort to protect chimpanzees and their habitats.5 nineteen offices around the world，the JGI is 6（wide）recognized for her development programs in Africa as a global youth program，Roots & Shoots，which currently has over 8 000 groups in over 100 countries.Today，Goodall devotes all of her time to her study for chimpanzees and the environment， 7（travel）nearly 300 days a year.

One of Goodall’s great scientific breakthroughs was the discovery of tool-making among chimpanzees during her study.Many animals had been clearly observed using “tools”， 8 only humans were thought to make tools，and toolmaking was considered the 9（different）between humans and other animals.This discovery made several scientists reconsider their explanation of being human.

Goodall 10（receive）many honors for her environmental work now.In April 2008，Jane was given the Montana State University Medal for Global and Visionary Leadership.

【文本出處】http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Goodall

【New Words】chimpanzee n.黑猩猩 institute n.協(xié)會 breakthrough n.突破

【文本導(dǎo)讀】珍·古德（Jane Goodall），世界首名遠(yuǎn)赴非洲研究黑猩猩的女學(xué)者，一生充滿傳奇色彩?，F(xiàn)在，讓我們一起閱讀這位積極為環(huán)保、動物到處奔走的偉大女性繽紛的生命篇章。

【題目解讀】

1.environmentalist?？疾槊~。environmentalist意為“環(huán)境保護(hù)論者，環(huán)境論者”。符合句意。

2.named。考查過去分詞。named作定語修飾toy。

3.interested?？疾樾稳菰~。interested意為“感興趣的”。

4.which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，空白處前面的“the Jane Goodall Institute”是先行詞，在從句中作主語。

5.With?？疾榻樵~。with與“nineteen offices around the world”一起構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

6.widely。考查副詞。widely意為“廣泛地”。

7.traveling?？疾榉侵^語動詞。traveling作伴隨狀語。

8.but?？疾檫B詞。空白處前后分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

9.difference?？疾槊~。根據(jù)上文可知，能否制造工具是動物和人之間的區(qū)別所在。

10.has received。考查謂語動詞。根據(jù)實際情況以及時間狀語now可知，這里應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時。

【難句析讀】

原句：With nineteen offices around the world，the JGI is widely recognized for her development programs in Africa as a global youth program，Roots & Shoots，which currentlyhas over 8 000 groups in over 100 countries.

譯文：世界各地有19個辦事處，因為她在非洲推動的一項全球青少年計劃——根與芽計劃（The Roots and Shoots Program），國際珍古德協(xié)會（the Jane Goodall Institute）得到廣泛認(rèn)可。目前全世界各地100多個國家中，有八千多個“根與芽”小組。

分析：“the JGI is widely recognized for her development programs in Africa as a global youth program，Roots & Shoots”是主句，“which currently has over 8 000 groups in over 100 countries”是定語從句，“With nineteen offices around the world”是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語。

Passage 5

新鮮度 ★★★★☆ 難度 ★★★★☆ 話題 科普知識 關(guān)鍵詞 whirlpool體裁 說明文 短文詞數(shù) 216 建議時間 7分鐘 正確率 /10

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Whirlpool in a bottle

A watery twister that’s actually a whirlpool!

Things you’ll need：

● two empty plastic bottles

● water

● tape

How to do it：

● 1（fill）one bottle 3/4 full with water.

●Tape the other bottle on top of the one with water in it.Make 2 the spouts are lined up.

●Turn the bottles over 3 that the one with water is on top.See how the water has a hard time 4（go）down.

●To make the water go down into the other bottle，swirl the bottles in a circular motion really fast.Don’t shake it up and 5 or it won’t work.The water should swirl into the bottom bottle.

●This is why it works： When you swirl the bottle，the water starts to move 6 a circle.When the water moves fast enough，it pushes out against the bottle and leaves a hole in the middle.7（there）no water in the hole，only air.The hole allows the air from the bottom bottle to come up to the top bottle.When the air moves，there’s then space in the bottom bottle， 8 makes room for the water from the top to flow into the bottom.

●Usually，this sort of water movement，with the special hole in the middle 9（call）a whirlpool.A tornado happens in air and a whirlpool happens in water.So，it is 10（real）a “whirlpool in a bottle”.

【文本出處】http://pbskids.org/zoom/activities/phenom/ tornadoinabottle.html

【New Words】twister n.旋風(fēng) line sth.up （with sth.）使……對齊 swirl v.（使）打旋 spout n.瓶口 tornado n.龍卷風(fēng)

【文本導(dǎo)讀】海洋大漩渦——科學(xué)史上的未解之謎。海洋中的漩渦究竟是如何形成的？想知道的話，就請準(zhǔn)備一些材料，自己動手瞧瞧瓶子中的龍卷風(fēng)吧!

【題目解讀】

1.Fill?？疾槠硎咕?。根據(jù)下文的語義可知，此處意為用水裝到瓶子的四分之三處。再結(jié)合介詞with的搭配可以判斷此處填fill。另外，這里是祈使句，句首字母要大寫。故此處應(yīng)填Fill。

2.sure?？疾閯釉~固定搭配。句意：確保瓶口對齊?！癿ake sure”是固定搭配，意為“確保”。

3.so?？疾檫B詞。句意：把瓶子反過來，好讓裝有水的瓶子處于上面。本句為主從復(fù)合句，空白處后面的是目的狀語從句。故空白處應(yīng)填so。

4.going?？疾榉侵^語動詞?！癶ave a hard time （in）doing sth.”是固定句式，意為“做某事有困難”，相當(dāng)于“have trouble （in）doing sth.”。 故此處應(yīng)填going。

5.down。考查副詞。句意：不要上下?lián)u動瓶子，否則（實驗）就沒效了?！皍p and down”是副詞短語，意為“上上下下”。故此處應(yīng)填down。

6.in?？疾榻樵~。句意：當(dāng)你旋轉(zhuǎn)瓶子，水就開始轉(zhuǎn)圈移動了。介詞in表示事情進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的方式，與a circle連用意為“轉(zhuǎn)圈圈”。 故此處應(yīng)填in。

7.There’s?？疾榫涫?。句意：中間洞里沒有水，只有空氣。這里是there be 句式。根據(jù)短文的整體時態(tài)和主謂一致，該句謂語應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時的單數(shù)形式。故此處應(yīng)填There’s。

8.which。考查非限制性定語從句?？瞻滋幒竺娴氖欠窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句，其先行詞為前面句子所表示的情況，故此處應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞which。

9.is called?？疾橹^語時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：這種中間空洞的水的運(yùn)動通常稱為漩渦。本句講的是客觀真理，所以句子時態(tài)應(yīng)是一般現(xiàn)在時，call是復(fù)合賓語動詞，其后應(yīng)接復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，或用于被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。故此處應(yīng)填is called。

10.really?？疾楦痹~。句意：這真的是一個瓶子中的漩渦。副詞really 意為“真正地，實在地”。

【難句析讀】

原句：When the air moves，there’s then space in the bottom bottle，which makes room for the water from the top to flow into the bottom.

譯文：當(dāng)空氣流動時，瓶底部就會有空間，從而有余的水從頂部流向底部。

分析：這是一個主從復(fù)合句?！皌here’s then space in the bottom bottle”是主句，“when the air moves”是時間狀語從句，關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，修飾前面的句子。

（作者單位：河南省鎮(zhèn)平縣雪楓中學(xué)）