?

構(gòu)式理論研究名家談

[主持人語] 近年來，構(gòu)式理論在我國(guó)語言學(xué)界成為關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)，用“構(gòu)式的眼光”觀察、研究漢語，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多以往不曾注意的問題，得出了一些不同于以往的結(jié)論，也展示了漢語的新面貌，有學(xué)者稱此研究熱潮為“構(gòu)式崇拜”現(xiàn)象；同時(shí)，隨著研究的深入，一些疑惑也逐漸浮出水面，比如：構(gòu)式理論是否只是一種研究觀念？它有沒有自己的方法論？構(gòu)式是怎么產(chǎn)生的？它的本質(zhì)特點(diǎn)是什么？構(gòu)式既然各自獨(dú)立，相互不具有推導(dǎo)性，是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致構(gòu)式繁多，與人的記憶規(guī)律矛盾？還有，把語素、詞等都看作構(gòu)式，句子的層次性如何體現(xiàn)等等。針對(duì)這些問題，本刊邀請(qǐng)了幾位國(guó)內(nèi)有關(guān)專家，就構(gòu)式研究到今天，一些疑惑該如何理解，還有哪些問題需要深入探究，提出專家們的理解和認(rèn)識(shí)，是為構(gòu)式專題之緣起。本次參加討論的4篇文章中，陸儉明教授提出構(gòu)式語法理論應(yīng)該深究的3個(gè)問題：(1)構(gòu)式的本質(zhì)特點(diǎn)，(2)構(gòu)式是怎么產(chǎn)生的，(3)怎樣提升構(gòu)式理論的方法論價(jià)值，指出三個(gè)課題深究的路徑和可行性目標(biāo)。吳長(zhǎng)安教授認(rèn)為從心智語庫理論背景下觀察漢語待嵌構(gòu)式，可以從近來構(gòu)式研究拘泥于具體的構(gòu)式樣本的分析中走出來，從表達(dá)中、從與基本構(gòu)式和固定構(gòu)式的比較中顯示待嵌構(gòu)式的特點(diǎn)，深化研究的意義和價(jià)值。陳滿華教授指出：構(gòu)式語法尚未表現(xiàn)出明顯的方法論價(jià)值：(1)構(gòu)式語法相對(duì)地疏于設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)用比較系統(tǒng)、成熟的分析手段和手續(xù)。(2)構(gòu)式語法對(duì)語言單位的認(rèn)識(shí)決定其難以形成清晰有序、層級(jí)分明的語言分析方法。施春宏教授梳理了“構(gòu)式”觀念的內(nèi)在邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)及其理論意義，從交際和習(xí)得的過程來重新認(rèn)識(shí)構(gòu)式范疇的原型性，從構(gòu)式語法所主張的方法論原則來推導(dǎo)構(gòu)式理論的基本特性，并將構(gòu)式的觀念推展到語言學(xué)之外，借以彰顯構(gòu)式觀念所蘊(yùn)涵的理論張力。4篇文章觀點(diǎn)不盡相同，但分析了構(gòu)式研究歷程，又設(shè)計(jì)了未來的課題與話題，具有重要的學(xué)術(shù)參考價(jià)值。

Host’s words：In recent years, construction theory has become a hit in our country’s linguistic field. Studying Chinese from a constructive view helps to notice some previous overlooked issues and come to some different conclusions, which makes Chinese language take on a new look. Some scholars call it “construction idol” phenomenon. In the meantime, as the research goes deep, some confusions appear, for example, is construction theory only a research perception? Does it have its own methodology? How does construction emerge? What are its essential characteristics? Now that constructions are independent of each other, will it lead to overloaded constructions and conflict with human being’s memory pattern? Also, if morphemes and lexicons are considered as constructions, how to embody sentence arrangement? Faced with these questions, our journal gathered some relative scholars and asked about their understanding and knowledge about the above questions. Thus is the origin of construction theory topic.

In the four articles of this discussion, Lu Jianming puts forward three subjects that should be deeply studied about construction theory: 1) What are the essential characteristics of construction theory? 2) How does construction theory emerge? 3) How to improve the methodological value of construction theory? He also points out the research method and objectives of these three subjects. Wu Chang’an thinks if we want to observe Chinese pending construction from the mental corpus background, we should not be limited within construction sample analysis, but focus on expression, and comparison between fundamental construction and fixed construction, therefore find out characteristics of pending construction, thus deepening research meaning and value. Chen Manhua points out that construction grammar has not yet exhibited any obvious methodological value: 1)Relatively speaking, construction grammar lacks design and systematic and mature analytic technique. 2) Construction grammar’s recognition of language unit leads to the difficulty of forming a clear and graded language analysis method. Shi Chunhong sorts out the inner logic and theoretical meaning of construction theory. She regains the knowledge of construction prototype from communication and learning process, and deduces its essential characteristics via construction theory methodology. What’s more, she popularizes construction theory ideas beyond the field of linguistics, showing its theoretical tension force. Although these four articles are different from each other, they all discuss construction theory’s developing process, and point out future subjects and topics, thus possessing important academic reference value.

The Discussion about Construction Theory