清華大學(xué)專(zhuān)家公寓，北京，中國(guó)

Expert Residence of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 2005

清華大學(xué)專(zhuān)家公寓一期、二期一北一南位于草木豐美、環(huán)境清幽的清華大學(xué)勝因院內(nèi)，屬于學(xué)校老校園核心區(qū)的一部分。一期是為我國(guó)知名學(xué)者提供的住所，由3個(gè)私密的院落組成；二期是為高研中心海外學(xué)者短期居住而建的酒店式公寓，由A、B、C、D 4棟小樓組成，南北以鋼結(jié)構(gòu)連廊相連，輔以公共空間和配套用房。

由于項(xiàng)目位于校園之中，追求質(zhì)樸的外表、人性的內(nèi)涵是設(shè)計(jì)的指導(dǎo)思想，在校園中不追求華麗的外表，以和諧的比例和樸素的材料融合現(xiàn)代居住模式，使建筑掩映在綠蔭叢中，做到適用、經(jīng)濟(jì)、美觀(guān)。建筑師堅(jiān)持以人為本的設(shè)計(jì)原則，一期和二期的使用者分別為國(guó)內(nèi)知名學(xué)者與國(guó)外高訪(fǎng)學(xué)者，根據(jù)他們的不同特點(diǎn)，通過(guò)對(duì)使用者特定行為模式的研究，在建筑設(shè)計(jì)中的每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都體現(xiàn)了設(shè)計(jì)師對(duì)人的尊重和關(guān)懷。同時(shí)，由于該建筑位于歷史悠久的老校園核心區(qū)，本設(shè)計(jì)力求尊重環(huán)境，通過(guò)院落式圍合布局與校園整體肌理相呼應(yīng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)人與建筑和環(huán)境的和諧發(fā)展。

在戶(hù)型設(shè)計(jì)中，一期公寓更為私密，每套住宅自成一個(gè)院落。公寓內(nèi)部除一般起居空間外，還重點(diǎn)設(shè)有書(shū)房、Loft、客房、內(nèi)院等，重點(diǎn)打造讀書(shū)研究的空間，滿(mǎn)足學(xué)者們的生活工作習(xí)慣要求。二期公寓考慮到外國(guó)學(xué)者的生活特點(diǎn)和習(xí)慣，廚房設(shè)計(jì)為開(kāi)敞式西廚，餐廳與起居廳南北相對(duì)布置，需要時(shí)可將兩廳合并成為一個(gè)超大活動(dòng)空間；起居與臥室動(dòng)靜分區(qū)明確，書(shū)房相對(duì)安靜獨(dú)立，采光良好。

對(duì)于二期酒店式公寓，公共交往空間的人性化設(shè)計(jì)也是一大亮點(diǎn)。在首層專(zhuān)門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)了由門(mén)廳、活動(dòng)室（含吧臺(tái)）、衛(wèi)生間組成的公共交往空間；在二層還設(shè)計(jì)了寬敞舒適的室外平臺(tái)，為西方學(xué)者們進(jìn)行室內(nèi)室外休閑和交流活動(dòng)提供了便利。

二期是為短期在華工作的外國(guó)高訪(fǎng)學(xué)者而建的公寓，所以生活服務(wù)設(shè)施和后勤的設(shè)計(jì)就必不可少。結(jié)合特定使用者的需求，建筑中設(shè)計(jì)了值班室（兼商務(wù)）、被服間、清潔間、后勤人員宿舍及儲(chǔ)藏室。同時(shí)在安保、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、通訊等方面進(jìn)行智能化設(shè)計(jì)。

本著追求校園建筑樸素外表的設(shè)計(jì)原則，建筑外立面采用灰白色彈涂與灰色面磚相結(jié)合的手法，二期中的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)長(zhǎng)廊則采用與窗框顏色相同的深灰黑色窗框和親切質(zhì)樸的木百葉，使建筑與周?chē)h(huán)境相融合。樸素的白墻與灰磚，富有親和力的木材，穩(wěn)重的深色金屬，這一切都體現(xiàn)了清華校園內(nèi)學(xué)者公寓質(zhì)樸、平和、親切、內(nèi)斂的人文氣質(zhì)。

空間上采用院落式布局，一期是每套住宅自成一個(gè)院落，整組建筑由3個(gè)院落圍合而成；二期則以一條鋼結(jié)構(gòu)長(zhǎng)廊巧妙聯(lián)系4棟小樓，形成幾個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立的綠色庭院，為使用者創(chuàng)造出具有歸屬感的私密和安靜的居住環(huán)境。院落式空間是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)居住建筑的空間形式，同時(shí)也是能夠融合于老校區(qū)校園肌理的特色空間，并且適合居住建筑的場(chǎng)所特性。

該地段環(huán)境優(yōu)美，林木豐富，設(shè)計(jì)中將原有的大樹(shù)全部予以保留，盡最大可能地利用原有地形地貌，保護(hù)自然環(huán)境；室外環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)中采用喬木、灌木、地被植物和草坪相結(jié)合的立體綠化，避免土壤的裸露和流失；道路鋪裝采用卵石和青石板等天然材料，考慮雨水的自然滲透，保護(hù)水循環(huán)，實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。□

1 二期草圖/Sketch, Expert Residence of Tsinghua University Phase II

2 總平面/Site plan

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人/Principal in Charge: 莊惟敏/ZHUANG Weimin設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: 莊惟敏，鮑承基，李文虹等/ ZHUANG Weimin, BAO Chengji, LI Wenhong, et al.

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 5869m2

總建筑面積/ Total Floor Area: 2882m2

建筑高度/Height: 11.75m

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2001.11-2004.2

竣工時(shí)間/Completion: 2005

攝影/Photos: 張振光，莫修權(quán)，肖偉，莊惟敏/ZHANG Zhenguang, MO Xiuquan, XIAO Wei, ZHUANG Weimin

3-6 一期外景/Exterior views, Phase I

7 一期內(nèi)庭院/Inner courtyard, Phase I

8 二期首層平面/Floor 0 plan, Phase II

9 二期二層平面/Floor 1 plan, Phase II

10 二期外景/Exterior views, Phase II

11 二期外景/Exterior views, Phase II

Expert Residence of Tsinghua University Phase I & II are located in Shengyin Yuan of Tsinghua University, where is partly the core area of the old campus. Phase I is residence designed for renowned Chinese scholars, consisting of three private courtyards. Phase II is serviced apartment buildings designed for short stays of overseas scholars from Institute of Advanced Study, including four buildings connected by steel-structured corridors from north to south, and equipped with public space and supporting facilities.

Because of its on-campus location, the guideline of the design is to pursuit a humane characteristic with a pristine expression. To be specific, the aim is "functional, economical, and aesthetic". While harmonious scales and simple materials are applied, modern living patterns are adopted, the project merges quietly with the surrounding trees. through condensed research on behavior patterns of occupants, the architect is able to design with great care and respect to the different needs of the users, namely famous Chinese academics for phase I and overseas researchers for phase II. In consideration of the site being located in a campus core area with a long history, the architect adopts courtyard layouts to respond to the campus texture, which intends to reach a harmony among human being, building and the environment.

Phase I is designed to have a private character, with each residence forming an independent courtyard. Together with the living room, study room, yard, loft and guest rooms, the design focused on various spaces of study in order to satisfy the scholars' needs. Unit of Phase II has western open kitchen in consideration of the living habits of foreign scholars. And the dining room and living room can merge into a large event space. Public and private sectors are well organized with reading room quiet and light-abundant.

Public space with humanistic concern for overseas visiting scholars also plays a very important role in the design of Phase II. there is a lobby, a bar and an activity room on the first floor to provide indoor communication. And there is the wide terrace on the second floor for outdoor leisure.

The supporting facilities to benefit foreigner's living are friendly equipped in Phase II, the serviced apartment. Taken the occupant's needs into consideration, Phase II includes duty room (partly business center), linen room, laundry, storage and cleaner's dormitory. Intelligent amenities are provided such as the digital equipment of security, Internet, and communication.

Adhering to the design guidelines, the facade is covered by ash grey paint and grey facing brick. The steel corridor in Phase II is painted charcoal and embellished with wooden shutters. the austere white walls, grey bricks, wooden shutters and dark metal together create the plain, gentle, intimate, yet restrained humanistic characteristics of the scholar residence.

the basic spatial layout language for this project is courtyard. Phase I has 3 private courtyards, each courtyard is a single residence. Phase II is a series of 4 buildings sharing a connecting corridor and several semi-private green yards. Courtyard is the spatial pattern of traditional Chinese dwellings. And it also integrates well with the campus context. Courtyard echoes the nature of residential space.

The site is covered with lush vegetation, and the design tries its best to maintain the topography of the original site and keeps most of the trees onsite intact. the landscape design use arbors, shrubs and ground cover plants to prevent the exposure and erosion of soil. The pavement uses pebbles and flagstone to allow water penetration and to protect the water circulation for a sustainable development.□

12 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)長(zhǎng)廊/Steel corridor

評(píng)論

劉曉都：勝因院對(duì)于清華人是有特別意義的。它是清華園的園中園，隱秘而高深，緣由是作為教授住宅，歷史上出現(xiàn)過(guò)眾多的名人名教授的身影，如費(fèi)孝通、梁思成、劉仙洲、馬約翰等等。有如教師寓所在傳統(tǒng)的西方大學(xué)校園里都是重要的組成部分，這樣一批1940年代的小洋樓，密度偏低且年久質(zhì)弱，卻也承載了清華歷史的一個(gè)重要部分。在這里重新設(shè)計(jì)一片現(xiàn)代功能的專(zhuān)家公寓其挑戰(zhàn)是顯而易見(jiàn)的。而莊惟敏的設(shè)計(jì)策略無(wú)疑是合宜和準(zhǔn)確的。兩期建筑延續(xù)了原來(lái)老的建筑肌理，尺度沒(méi)有夸張的放大。布局簡(jiǎn)潔而縝密，一期引入院落式鋪陳，二期重點(diǎn)處理環(huán)境關(guān)系，全部保留場(chǎng)地里的大型喬木。材料使用從一期的白墻灰頂?shù)蕉诩尤氲匿撃具B廊都很好的契合著居住氛圍所應(yīng)有的溫情，同時(shí)也帶入一些當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)的韻味。設(shè)計(jì)的呈現(xiàn)反映了莊惟敏處理場(chǎng)地的敏感和功力，建筑布局準(zhǔn)確有效，形式風(fēng)格穩(wěn)健，不急扯白臉，卻也敢于不因襲傳統(tǒng)紅磚材料而做出多種探索。事實(shí)證明這些探索是成功的。看到這個(gè)建筑令我想起關(guān)肇鄴院士曾經(jīng)發(fā)表過(guò)的一個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)，建筑“重要的是得體”。清華專(zhuān)家公寓便是一個(gè)得體而又有新意的作品，它表現(xiàn)出了莊惟敏作為清華建筑傳人的人文氣質(zhì)：內(nèi)斂而不掩神韻，平和乃不失大氣。

13 二期建構(gòu)示意/Construction diagram, Phase II

14 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)長(zhǎng)廊內(nèi)景/View in the steel corridor

15 二期外景/Exterior view, Phase II

16 冬季的庭院/Courtyard in winter

Comments

LIU Xiaodu: Shengyin Yuan is of special significance to Tsinghua people. A concealed and recondite courtyard on campus, it used to be the residence community of many famous professors including FEI Xiaotong, LIANG Sicheng, LIU Xianzhou, MA Yuehan and others. Like the faculty apartment buildings in traditional Western colleges that occupy a unique position on campus, these buildings, though loosely scattered and long in disrepair, constitute an important part in Tsinghua's history. To redesign a modern apartment community for experts in this area presents an obvious challenge. ZHUANG Weimin's design strategy is undoubtedly both appropriate and accurate. Without exaggeration of scale, the two construction phases extend the original architectural texture with a simple yet meticulous disposition. Phase I introduces the courtyard layout, and phase II lays emphasis on its relationship with the environment by preserving all the trees on site. As for building materials, both the white wall and grey roof in phase I and the steel-and-wood corridors in phase II accord well with the supposed warm feeling of the residential atmosphere, while at the same time bringing some modern taste to the design. The design shows ZHUANG's sensitivity and capacity in handling the site: the architectural layout is accurate and efficient, the formal style is assured and anxiety-free, while the architect is bold enough to depart from traditional red bricks and make more explorations in material application, which proved to be successful. This work reminds me of a famous statement by Prof. GUAN Zhaoye: "what matters in a building is its appropriateness." The experts' apartments in Tsinghua University can be regarded as both appropriate and innovative, exhibiting ZHUANG's cultural temperament as an inheritor of Tsinghua's architectural heritage: restrained yet charming, gentle yet magnanimous.