建筑設(shè)計(jì)：林君翰，約書亞·伯爾喬夫/城村架構(gòu)

木蘭小學(xué)，懷集，廣東，中國

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：林君翰，約書亞·伯爾喬夫/城村架構(gòu)

1 外景/Exterior views

木蘭小學(xué)位于人口大約有10萬的懷集縣城附近。建筑師與當(dāng)?shù)亟逃趾拖愀鄞壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)“愛心力量”合作，擴(kuò)建原本只有5個(gè)教室的村小。擴(kuò)建項(xiàng)目是為了滿足政府合并各個(gè)學(xué)校的決定。在合并學(xué)校的過程中，比較舊的校園會(huì)被拆掉，而其他比較新的校園會(huì)擴(kuò)建，以容納流失了的學(xué)生。木蘭小學(xué)就是被擴(kuò)建的其中一個(gè)學(xué)校。原本木蘭校園有一個(gè)5間教室的教學(xué)樓，是一個(gè)瓦頂?shù)拇u房子。磚房子和圍墻框住了一個(gè)小庭院。

此項(xiàng)目是為現(xiàn)存學(xué)校增建一幢設(shè)有6間教室的教學(xué)樓。其設(shè)計(jì)理念是不僅要擴(kuò)建學(xué)校，而且讓庭院也得以擴(kuò)張，并利用一系列相互連接的開放空間將整個(gè)場(chǎng)域組織起來。新建教學(xué)樓的平面呈U型，敞開的一面就是庭院的位置。屋面設(shè)計(jì)猶如從地面升起的緞帶，先是拾級(jí)而上的臺(tái)階從地面延伸到屋頂，形成一個(gè)新的公共空間和戶外教室，然后一直伸展到建筑物的另一端，再跌回地面形成庭院的邊沿。臺(tái)階加插了一些小庭院。這些小庭院和圖書館是連接的，而圖書館則還有一個(gè)內(nèi)部庭院。

項(xiàng)目的第二階段是為學(xué)校新建廁所和操場(chǎng)。中國大部分校園的廁所情況惡劣，而木蘭小學(xué)的廁所也不例外:一個(gè)缺乏自來水、發(fā)臭的小磚房。新廁所有3個(gè)主要策略：把屋頂兩邊打開，讓空氣流通；收集雨水來沖廁用水；用化糞池和濕地花園過濾廢水，排除毒素。濕地花園建在操場(chǎng)后面，靠山，是為了鞏固山坡。濾水渠道逐漸分叉，根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)山坡的輪廓向下流，營造了小花園和游玩空間。濕地花園融合了座位，造了一個(gè)可以觀看操場(chǎng)和籃球場(chǎng)的位置。

第二階段完成以后，木蘭小學(xué)就添加了多個(gè)室外空間，創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)“教育花園”，讓學(xué)生可以在不同的時(shí)間使用多種室外空間。我們的意圖是想建一所開放的學(xué)校，讓其他村民都可以視學(xué)校的室外空間為村里的公共空間，使用學(xué)校的樓梯、圖書館和小庭院。當(dāng)懷集變得越來越城市化的時(shí)候，木蘭小學(xué)可以變成社區(qū)的焦點(diǎn)，并且可以用來讓村民討論、開會(huì)、學(xué)習(xí)、游玩和休息。

Mulan Primary school is located close to Huaiji, a county of approximately 100,000 people in Guangdong Province. Working with the local education authority and a Hong Kong based charity, we were asked to expand an existing primary school of 5 classrooms by adding an additional building of 6 classrooms. The motivation came from the government’s desire to consolidate the primary schools. In the process, some old schools would be demolished and newer ones would be enlarged to accommodate the dropouts. Mulan Primary School was one of the schools to be enlarged.

Originally there was a brick building of five classrooms on campus. It had a tile roof. The building, together with a wall, framed a courtyard. The project was to add a six-classroom building to the existing school. The design concept was not only to build more classrooms but also to expand the courtyard and reorganize the site through a series of open linked spaces.

The new building has a U-shape plane and the courtyard lies on the open side. The stairway extend upwards to the roof, making the roof look like a piece of ribbon that rises from the ground, and forming a new public space and an outdoor classroom before dropping down again to the ground to become the edge of the courtyard. The stairway is punctuated with some small courtyards connected with the library, within which there is another courtyard.

The second phase of the project was to build a new washroom and a playground. The majority of the school washrooms in China were abysmal and Mulan Primary School was no exception: the original washroom was a stinky brick hut with no running water. In this case, we deployed three strategies: to open both sides of the roof for good ventilation; to collect rainwater for toilet flushing; and to build a septic tank and a reed-bed filtration system to purify wastewater and remove toxins. A wetland garden was built on the slope at the back of the site, reinforcing the earth to prevent slippage.The filtration channel ran down along the slope and bifurcated to create small gardens and playground. In the wetland garden, seats were built for viewing the playground and the basketball court.

When the second project was completed, a number of outdoor spaces were added, creating an "educational garden" and different kinds of spaces for different activities at different times of the day. Our intention was to build a school open to the community so that the villagers could make use of the stairway, the library and the small gardens. As Huaiji is getting more and more urbanized, Mulan Primary School may become the center of the community as well as an excellent place for discussions, meetings, studying, entertainment and relaxation.

2 外景/Exterior views

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client：香港愛心力量/Power of Love, HK

主持建筑師/Principal Architect：林君翰，約書亞·伯爾喬夫/John LIN, Joshua Bolchover

設(shè)計(jì)單位/Design Team：城村架構(gòu)/Rural Urban Framework (RUF)

建筑材料/Materials：混凝土磚填充/Concrete brick

總面積/Total Floor Area：500m2

總造價(jià)/Total Cost：573000RMB

單位造價(jià)/Unit Cost：1150 RMB/m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period：2010

攝影/Photos：城村架構(gòu)/Rural Urban Framework (RUF)

3 庭院/Courtyard

4 外景/Exterior view

評(píng)論

羅德胤：誰說裸露紅磚的水泥房就一定很難看？誰說農(nóng)村的瓷磚房就一定很難看？作為設(shè)計(jì)師，就應(yīng)該有這樣化丑為美的本事。材料永遠(yuǎn)沒有過錯(cuò)，就看你動(dòng)不動(dòng)腦筋做設(shè)計(jì)。木蘭小學(xué)的外立面刻意采用了大面積裸露的紅磚和水泥，與附近農(nóng)家自建的紅磚水泥房互相呼應(yīng)。這種幽默的設(shè)計(jì)手法，貫穿于整個(gè)建筑，就是用半圍合、半開放的庭院和從地面直達(dá)屋頂?shù)拇笈_(tái)階，制造出多層次的捉迷藏空間。小學(xué)之本在好玩！

Comments

LUO Deyin: Who says that cement houses with exposed red bricks are deemed to be ugly? Who says that tiled houses in the countryside are deemed to be ugly? A designer should have the ability to turn ugliness into beauty. Materials shall never be blamed; the key is whether a designer has used his/her wisdom to design. In Mulan Primary School, a large area of exposed red bricks and cement is deliberately used as the construction material for the fa?ade of the building, which corresponds to the red-brick cement houses of nearby farmers. This kind of humorous design technique can be seen throughout the entire building. The semi-enclosed and semi-open courtyard and the big steps ascending from the ground to the roof have created a multi-layered space for playing hide-and-seek. The essence of primary schools is fun!

5 庭院/Courtyard

6 外景/Exterior view

7 內(nèi)景/Interior view

張曉春：通過條形建筑體量的彎折，產(chǎn)生一串大小不同、形狀各異、彼此相互穿插的室外空間；建筑體量的起伏，把一部分庭院空間延伸至屋頂；單坡屋頂強(qiáng)化了U型庭院的向心性。通過高差和鋪地的變化及逐漸抬升延伸的屋頂臺(tái)地，在新建庭院和原有庭院之間恰好“擠出”一處有別于兩側(cè)院落空間的“舞臺(tái)”，不失為一種有效的空間過渡和聯(lián)結(jié)，增加了空間的層次，也為多用途使用提供了可能。

ZHANG Xiaochun: Through curving of a stripeshaped building, a series of outdoor space are created with various sizes and shapes, interweaving with each other. Meanwhile, the curve of the building extends part of the courtyard onto the roof, and the shed roof highlights the introvert character of the U-shape courtyard. Through changes in elevation and pavement, as well as with the gradually extending and rising roof terrace, a "stage" is "squeezed" out between the newly constructed courtyard and the original one, which is different from either of them. It can be regarded as effective spatial transition and connection that both enhance the spatial layering and provide possibilities for multiple functions.

Mulan Primary School, Huaiji, Guangdong, China, 2012

Architects：John Lin, Joshua Bolchover/Rural Urban Framework (RUF)

9 平面/Plan

10 剖面/Section