建筑設(shè)計(jì)：華黎/跡·建筑事務(wù)所

武夷山竹筏育制場(chǎng)，南平，福建，中國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：華黎/跡·建筑事務(wù)所

1 外景/Exterior views

武夷山竹筏育制場(chǎng)是武夷山九曲溪旅游漂流用竹排的儲(chǔ)存及制作工廠(chǎng)，項(xiàng)目位于武夷山星村鎮(zhèn)附近鄉(xiāng)野中的一塊臺(tái)地上，由竹子儲(chǔ)存?zhèn)}庫(kù)（未建成）、竹排制作車(chē)間、辦公及宿舍樓這3棟建筑及其圍合的庭院組成。每年冬天這里要采集晾曬約2.2萬(wàn)根毛竹，之后儲(chǔ)存于竹子倉(cāng)庫(kù)，用于每年1800張竹排的制造。

建筑的布局與朝向結(jié)合地形、風(fēng)向考慮。制作車(chē)間分為兩組，內(nèi)部為大跨度空間，橫向滿(mǎn)足毛竹9m長(zhǎng)燒制時(shí)移動(dòng)的需要，長(zhǎng)向則按照火燒竹尾、竹頭和綁扎的工序，形成3～4組生產(chǎn)單元。通過(guò)頂部開(kāi)向北側(cè)的側(cè)天窗采光，以避免眩光。與制作區(qū)相聯(lián)系的小尺度空間形成休息、儲(chǔ)藏、衛(wèi)生間、庭院等服務(wù)功能。建筑大部分采用坡屋頂以利于排雨和屋頂隔熱。辦公宿舍樓采用外廊式布局，一層為辦公，二層為宿舍、食堂，外廊采用竹子形成遮陽(yáng)格柵，利于隔熱通風(fēng)。

回應(yīng)氣候和項(xiàng)目的功能需求，將當(dāng)?shù)胤浅Ｆ占暗娜粘Ｐ圆牧吓c工藝在設(shè)計(jì)中進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的運(yùn)用。建筑主體采用素混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)和混凝土砌塊外墻（廠(chǎng)房建筑沒(méi)有保溫要求，外墻局部將空心砌塊橫放砌筑使其滿(mǎn)足通風(fēng)需要），屋面采用水泥瓦，竹、木作為遮陽(yáng)、門(mén)窗、扶手等元素出現(xiàn)。所用材料和工藝均來(lái)自當(dāng)?shù)兀叶急窒嗤脑瓌t——材料以不作過(guò)多表面處理的方式出現(xiàn)，呈現(xiàn)自身的特點(diǎn)。

項(xiàng)目的工業(yè)廠(chǎng)房性質(zhì)決定了建筑摒棄形式上任何的多余，而在建構(gòu)上采用最基本的元素，并盡可能呈現(xiàn)其構(gòu)造邏輯。在營(yíng)造工業(yè)建筑樸素美學(xué)的同時(shí)獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)性。

2 外景/Exterior views

Located on a plateau in the Xingcun village, the building complex is a manufacturing and storage facility of bamboo rafts, used to sail the nearby Nine Bend River in Wuyi Mountain for tourism. The three buildings on site – a bamboo raft storage warehouse (not completed), a bamboo manufacturing workshop, and an office and dormitory building–are knit together by a central courtyard. Each winter harvest yields 22,000 bamboo stems which, following a storage period in the workshop, are used to manufacture 1,800 bamboo rafts annually.

Its architecture and layout reflect distinct programmatic, topographical, and climatic requirements. The manufacturing workshop is divided into two work units. The interior, with its long span and open layout, accommodates the length required for the final binding parts of the production process. The space supports three to four manufacturing units. Natural light is filtered through oblique skylights, which are oriented northward in order to prevent glare. Smaller spaces form rest areas, storage, restrooms, courtyards, and other service functions. Sloping roofs are used to improve drainage and roof insulation. The office and dormitory building adopts a veranda layout, with offices occupying the first floor, and dormitory and cafeteria occupying the second. Bamboo stalks are applied along the veranda to form shading louvers, which also provide well-ventilated insulation.

Considering the functional requirements of the climate and the project, in-situ concrete is used for the structure. Since the factory building does not require heat preservation, its outer walls are made with horizontally-laid hollow bricks, which also provide adequate ventilation. Cement tiles are applied to the roof. Bamboo and wood sever as sunshade and appear as elements in doors, windows and handrails.The materials and the craftsmanship are all local and without much surface treatment. All the materials present their own characters. The industrial character of the project discourages superfluous design. By using the most basic elements for its construction, the architecture naturally reveals its structural and material logic. The project reconciles aesthetic simplicity with economical efficiency.

3-5 外景/Exterior views

6 細(xì)部/Detail

7 總圖/Site plan

8 車(chē)間立面/Workshop elevation

9 模型/Model

10 內(nèi)景/Interior view

11 九曲溪竹筏漂流/Bamboo rafting on Nine Bend River

12 傳統(tǒng)作坊竹子燒制/Bamboo burning in traditional workshop

13 村民施工/Villagers participate in construction

14 大車(chē)間剖面/Section of big workshop

15 大車(chē)間平面/Floor plan of big workshop

評(píng)論

柳亦春：這是一個(gè)看似簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)計(jì)，卻處處充滿(mǎn)著積極的思考。由于工業(yè)建筑先天的對(duì)于功能性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性的訴求，建筑師在呼應(yīng)其功能的相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)、采光、通風(fēng)、尺度等方面均進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的思考與設(shè)計(jì)，結(jié)構(gòu)與材料都是直接暴露的方式，因而對(duì)于一個(gè)低技術(shù)的建造來(lái)講，其構(gòu)造的難度反而增加了的。與一般工業(yè)建筑在設(shè)計(jì)與建造上不同的是，這一切是在這個(gè)消費(fèi)時(shí)代，建筑承擔(dān)了過(guò)多的圖像與符號(hào)意義背景下，建筑師對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)的價(jià)值取向的一個(gè)有意識(shí)的選擇，但也許只有這個(gè)價(jià)值取向被有效移植到更廣泛的類(lèi)型中，它的批判力量才能足夠顯現(xiàn)。

張曉春：建筑師像隱形人，隱身在武夷山竹筏育制場(chǎng)空間的“育制”過(guò)程中。讓這座工業(yè)建筑在場(chǎng)地條件、氣候特征、經(jīng)濟(jì)限制等綜合因素下，根據(jù)竹筏制作工藝、建筑自身的功能要求“選擇”自己的空間形式，“選擇”自己熟悉的建筑材料、建造工藝，又讓材料自己“決定”以何種適宜方式出現(xiàn)在哪個(gè)部位，來(lái)“完成”基于地域特征的自發(fā)建造。建筑師的觀(guān)念和操控，已經(jīng)融在這個(gè)“自發(fā)建造”的過(guò)程中了。

Comments

LIU Yichun: It is a seemingly simple design, but full of active thoughts. Considering the natural functional and economic pursuits of industrial buildings, the architect exhibits thorough thoughts and design responding to the project's function in terms of structure, lighting, ventilation, and scale. Since the structure and materials are directly exposed, the construction difficulty level is increased for a structure with relatively low technological level.

Different from regular industrial buildings in design and structure, this project exhibits a conscious decision made by the architect over the orientation of design values, in a time of consumption when architecture is given excessive graphic and symbolic meanings. However, only after this value orientation is effectively transplanted into more diverse categories, its critical power may fully emerge.

ZHANG Xiaochun: Like an invisible man, the architect hides himself in the design and construction process of the Wuyishan Bamboo Raft Factory. Taking such elements as site conditions, local climate, and economic constraints into consideration, and based on the raft production techniques and the building's functional requirements, the architect makes the factory "select" its own spatial form and "choose" the building materials and construction techniques that it is familiar with. He also makes the materials "decide" where and in what way they should be utilized, so as to "complete" the spontaneous construction process based on regional characteristics. In such a way, the concept and operation of the architect are integrated with this "spontaneous construction" process already.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architect：華黎/HUA Li

客戶(hù)/Client：福建武夷山旅游發(fā)展股份有限公司/ Wuyishan Tourism Development Incorporated Company

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team：華黎，Elisabet Aguilar Palau，張婕，諸荔晶，賴(lài)爾遜，Martino Aviles，姜楠，施蔚聞，連俊欽/HUA Li, Elisabet Aguilar Palau, ZHANG Jie, ZHU Lijing, LAI Erxun, Martino Aviles, JIANG Nan, SHI Weiwen, LIAN Junqin

項(xiàng)目功能/Program：制作廠(chǎng)房，儲(chǔ)藏，辦公室，宿舍/ Workshop, storage warehouse, office, dormitory

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area：14629m2

建筑面積/Total Floor Area：2580m2

建筑材料/Material：素混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，混凝土砌塊外墻，水泥瓦屋面，竹格柵遮陽(yáng)，木門(mén)窗，扶手/In-situ concrete, hollow concrete blocks, cement tile, bamboo and wood

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period：2011

攝影/Photos：蘇圣亮/SU Shengliang

Wuyishan Bamboo Raft Factory, Nanping, Fujian, China, 2014

Architects：HUA Li/TAO (Trace Architecture Office)