建筑設(shè)計(jì)：徐甜甜/DnA建筑事務(wù)所

茶園竹亭，松陽(yáng)，浙江，中國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：徐甜甜/DnA建筑事務(wù)所

浙江省西南部的松陽(yáng)縣是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)村落保護(hù)發(fā)展示范縣，人稱“惟此桃花源，四塞無他虞”。大木山茶園位處縣城附近，是主要產(chǎn)茶農(nóng)作區(qū)和重要旅游景點(diǎn)，附近有為數(shù)不少的村落，也是到達(dá)松陽(yáng)古村落旅游的途經(jīng)之處。茶園平時(shí)主要是當(dāng)?shù)夭柁r(nóng)勞作，兼有部分游客；每年的采茶季節(jié)，尤其清明前，有大量受雇的外地茶工，一家三代偕老帶幼。附近村莊的老人也經(jīng)常帶著孩子和狗來茶園散步。大木山茶園目前缺乏勞作休憩場(chǎng)所和村民們玩耍游戲的空間。

竹亭設(shè)計(jì)需要滿足各種人群的功能需求，也體現(xiàn)松陽(yáng)古村落文化，并充分結(jié)合茶園自然生態(tài)環(huán)境。整體采用一系列單體亭子和平臺(tái)，如同當(dāng)?shù)卮迓漤樀貏?shì)排列，貼近茶田并自然圍合出小庭院。形態(tài)參照茶農(nóng)自建休息亭，兼顧休憩與活動(dòng)，尺度設(shè)定于介于小廣場(chǎng)和傳統(tǒng)單體亭子兩種之間的尺度，選擇了6.6m和5.1m兩種適宜活動(dòng)以及容納較多人數(shù)的空間跨度。坡屋頂有30°、45°、60°3種形式，隨著茶田高差自然起落，與遠(yuǎn)處山脈產(chǎn)生對(duì)話，如同漂浮的村落。

1 外景/Exiterior views

松陽(yáng)盛產(chǎn)的竹子作為建構(gòu)材料，可以減少對(duì)茶園生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響，用料環(huán)保，結(jié)構(gòu)輕盈簡(jiǎn)潔，震害輕，施工速度快。結(jié)構(gòu)體系采用直徑100～120mm的毛竹。四角脊線竹龍骨加上頂部口字形結(jié)構(gòu)單元形成的基本屋面結(jié)構(gòu)，輔以四坡面順坡面次竹龍骨形成大大小小穩(wěn)定的三角形單元，共同組成一個(gè)穩(wěn)定大跨越空間屋面體系；墻身系統(tǒng)由豎向布置的柱龍骨組成，其布置四角到中間由密至疏的漸變既反映了受力變化趨勢(shì)，也節(jié)約用材。屋面格柵采用直徑40～50mm的雷竹，尺度與作為結(jié)構(gòu)的毛竹區(qū)分開來，呼應(yīng)茶田的水平線條。抬高的活動(dòng)平臺(tái)，鋪設(shè)寬度50mm的竹片，以茶樹高度為界面的上下錯(cuò)落，創(chuàng)造或收或放的活動(dòng)區(qū)域。每個(gè)立柱頂部第一個(gè)竹節(jié)的底端都開有一對(duì)孔洞，排除雨水同時(shí)可以捕捉到茶園里不同方向的風(fēng)聲，也是參與茶園生態(tài)環(huán)境的一種互動(dòng)。

4個(gè)竹亭和2個(gè)平臺(tái)圍合出3個(gè)大小不一的庭院，地面使用當(dāng)?shù)叵獫纠锏涅Z卵石，點(diǎn)綴小葉植物鳳尾竹和南天竹。建筑所用材料均為當(dāng)?shù)夭牧希〔姆奖?，施工周?周，造價(jià)15萬(wàn)。這是茶園第一個(gè)建成的竹亭，也是設(shè)計(jì)方、施工人員、當(dāng)?shù)毓そ骋约皹I(yè)主共同協(xié)商討論的成果，并形成一種可推廣的模式：在茶園里已經(jīng)選好2、3個(gè)新點(diǎn)位，根據(jù)地勢(shì)景觀重新排列組合建設(shè)，增加茶園的公共活動(dòng)區(qū)域。

2 外景/Exiterior views

Songyang County in southwest Zhejiang Province is well-known for its scenic landscape and over one hundred ancient villages. There are a considerable number of villages nearby Damushan green tea field, the major tourist attraction in Songyang. A series of public space and facilities are needed in Damushan to provide leisure and rest space for local villagers, tea farmers as well as tourists.

Bamboo pavilion is composed of a series of pavilions and platforms not only to meet different functional purpose, but also to respect local village context and the ecological environment of the tea fields. Two different square sizes are chosen for the pavilions’ footprint, 6.6m and 5.1m per side, to accommodate multiple forms of activities. The pitched roofs, angled at 30°, 45° and 60°, respond to the long stretches of the mountain ranges in the distance as a floating village.

Locally bamboo is used as construction material to create a light structure and is easy for construction. An integrated structure of roof system and wall system is made up of local bamboo with diameters 100mm-120mm. The bamboo beams form a structural triangle system at the four corners of each square unit that then become a larger system stable enough to support the roof across each 5.1m and 6.6m platform. At the top, the four sloping roof panels come together to form a skylight. The arrangement of the bamboo columns are determined by the structural stress and tension of the pavilion, with a gradient of density. The pattern is cohesive with the roof system, elongating the vertical lines of the pavilion. The roof grid system is composed of Lei Bamboo with 40-50mm diameter, different from the structural bamboo to respond to the horizontal lines of the tea fields. The raised platforms with bamboo floors, set above or below the tea tree tops, create open or enclosed public spaces among the tea fields. A pair of holes are drilled at the top portion of each bamboo column to drain excessive rain water and to blow as bamboo whistles when capturing the wind.

Three courtyards are formed by four bamboo pavilions and two platforms. The ground is paved with pebbles from the local streams. Fine-leaf vegetation is planted including Bambusa multiplex "Fernleaf" and Nandina domestica. The construction period of this bamboo pavilion is 8 weeks with a total cost of 150 000 RMB. It could become a prototype to be introduced into the entire Damushan Tea Fields to create new public space and facilities.

3 屋面格柵/Roof grille

4 屋面格柵/Roof grille

5 外景/Exiterior view

評(píng)論

劉曉都：一個(gè)建筑師從大城市跨過大半個(gè)中國(guó)去做一個(gè)小型的鄉(xiāng)村建造，沒有足夠的理由是不行的。一個(gè)純粹和自由的建造環(huán)境可以是一個(gè)充足的理由。由徐甜甜這樣有靈氣的設(shè)計(jì)師，在青山綠茶中輕吟一首輕盈卻質(zhì)樸的建筑田園詩(shī)是恰如其分的。建筑與鄉(xiāng)村的現(xiàn)實(shí)是若即若離的，功能是似有似無的，形象也是既似曾相識(shí)又全然陌生的。這個(gè)輕微的建筑所應(yīng)承載的意義到此足矣。盡管我更傾向鄉(xiāng)村建筑應(yīng)當(dāng)更多地著眼于改善鄉(xiāng)村生存環(huán)境，進(jìn)而推動(dòng)鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)文化結(jié)構(gòu)的重建。但我們沒有必要強(qiáng)求每個(gè)建筑師都這樣去實(shí)踐。探討建筑學(xué)層面的問題同樣意義重大。

董衛(wèi)：唐代陸羽說“茶者，南方之嘉木也”，既然是嘉木，就應(yīng)當(dāng)具有一定的文化價(jià)值。所以，中國(guó)的茶葉及茶道從一開始就被賦予了一定的人文色彩，與古代文人的生活乃至宗教發(fā)展都有密切的關(guān)系。如韋應(yīng)物就有贊美茶葉的詩(shī)：“性潔不可污，為飲滌塵煩。此物性靈味，得與幽人言?！睋?jù)此，所謂“仙風(fēng)道骨”也一定是長(zhǎng)期飲茶的結(jié)果。

茶葉種植原本是一項(xiàng)十分辛苦的技術(shù)性農(nóng)活，需要大量繁復(fù)、細(xì)致的勞作，且茶農(nóng)們的生活與文人們的“茶文化”其實(shí)并無瓜葛。只是當(dāng)社會(huì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入到了如今這樣一個(gè)關(guān)注文化的時(shí)代，這種日復(fù)一日的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)才有可能成為一種文化景觀。而浙江松陽(yáng)茶園竹亭正是這樣一種基于勞動(dòng)及其產(chǎn)品的景觀建筑。

這組看起來甚是簡(jiǎn)樸的竹亭，的確蘊(yùn)含著細(xì)致入微的人文情懷。它位于松陽(yáng)山坡上的一座茶園之中，以地產(chǎn)竹材建構(gòu)而成，亭子在平日是為茶農(nóng)們的“茶園之家”，使他們?cè)谔镩g小憩之余能夠心情放松、緩解高強(qiáng)度勞動(dòng)造成的心身疲憊；在旅游季節(jié)則作為一種有意義的文化地標(biāo)，有效提高了環(huán)境的可識(shí)別性，亦使訪客們可以從容、方便地欣賞茶園景色。

Comments

LIU Xiaodu: There must be a big reason for an architect who lives in a big city to go across the country to design a tiny structure like this bamboo pavilion. A pure and free building environment could be a sufficient enough reason. It is also very appropriate for a good sensed architect like XU Tiantian to deliver an idyllic design in a remote mountainous tea plantation, with a light, earthy and simple style. The pavilion has unique characteristics of both in and out of its rural context, ambiguously defined functions, and a seemingly familiar though strange image. It is way enough to carry these meanings for this small building. Although I normally intend to appreciate more the rural architecture that improve local living condition as to promote the reconstruction of the rural society, it is also meaningful to discuss pure architectural subject such as in this project.

DONG Wei: LU Yu, a famous scholar in Tang Dynasty specialized in tea study, once commented tea as "the good wood in Southern China." As good wood, tea is deemed with a certain cultural value. At the very beginning, tea and tea ceremony in China were endowed with humanistic characteristic, connecting tea closely with the life and even religious belief of intellectuals in ancient China. For example, WEI Yingwu wrote a poem about tea: "It is too pure to be polluted, a drink of it would clean your mind. To truly learn its soul and taste, you need to be relaxed and quiet." It is believed that people who drink tea regularly for a long time would behave outstandingly like one of those immortals.

Tea planting is a hard and skill-demanding agricultural work that requires a large amount of complicated and meticulous laboring. This work actually has nothing to do with the "tea culture". However, as we step into an era when culture is highlighted, this repeated daily labor becomes a type of cultural landscape. The Bamboo Pavilion in Songyang tea plantation in Zhejiang Province can be regarded as an example of construction based on labor and its products.

These bamboo pavilions that seem plain in appearance indeed exhibit delicate humanistic feelings in design. Located in a tea plantation along the hillside in Songyang, the pavilions are made of local bamboos.They are used as rest place for tea farmers to relax and to take a break from the intensive laboring. During tourism season, they become significant cultural landmarks that not only promote the local identity, but also allow visitors to appreciate the landscape in a more relaxed and convenient way.

6 剖面/Section

7 結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)/Structural elements

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architect：徐甜甜/XU Tiantian

設(shè)計(jì)單位：DnA建筑事務(wù)所/DnA Design and Architecture

客戶/Client：松陽(yáng)縣旅游發(fā)展有限公司/Songyang Tourism Development Co., Ltd.

施工單位/Construction Team：許超然，竹木建筑工程公司/XU Chaoran, Bamboo Wood Construction

項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)/Project Team：張龍瀟，黎林欣，胡驀懷/ ZHANG Longxiao, LI Linxin, HU Mohuai

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period：2014.09

建筑材料/Materials：毛竹，雷竹/Mao bamboo, Lei bamboo

攝影/Photos：周若谷/ZHOU Ruogu, Savoye photographer

Bamboo Tea Pavilion, Songyang, Zhejiang, China, 2014

Architects：XU Tiantian/DnA Design and Architecture