柴芳,高向楠,王俊,李強,趙樹鵬
實驗研究
Roux-en-Y胃旁路術(shù)對2型糖尿病大鼠脂聯(lián)素及胰島凋亡蛋白表達(dá)的影響
柴芳,高向楠,王俊,李強,趙樹鵬△
目的通過研究脂聯(lián)素及胰島凋亡相關(guān)蛋白的變化,探討Roux-en-Y胃旁路術(shù)(RYGB)減少胰島細(xì)胞凋亡的機制。方法60只SD大鼠隨機分為RYGB組、2型糖尿?。═2DM)組和正常對照(NC)組,每組20只。NC組喂食正常飼料;為了建立T2DM動物模型,T2DM組和RYGB組大鼠喂食高脂飲食(22.19 kJ/g)3周,并于第13天經(jīng)腹腔注入鏈脲佐菌素(STZ,30 mg/kg)。造模成功后,RYGB組大鼠行RYGB手術(shù)、T2DM及NC組行假手術(shù)。術(shù)前、術(shù)后7、14及21 d測定體質(zhì)量;術(shù)前及術(shù)后21 d測定空腹血糖,ELISA法測定血漿脂聯(lián)素水平;術(shù)后21 d免疫組化SABC法檢測胰島Bcl-2、Caspase 8、Caspase 9表達(dá)。結(jié)果術(shù)前3組體質(zhì)量差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義;RYGB和T2DM組血糖明顯高于NC組,脂聯(lián)素水平明顯低于NC組(P<0.05)。與T2DM及NC組相比,術(shù)后RYGB組體質(zhì)量明顯降低。與T2DM組相比RYGB組術(shù)后21 d時血糖明顯降低、脂聯(lián)素水平明顯升高(P<0.05),RYGB組與NC組相比差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。與T2DM組相比RYGB組術(shù)后胰島Bcl-2表達(dá)明顯升高,Caspase 8、Caspase 9表達(dá)明顯降低(P<0.05)。結(jié)論RYGB術(shù)后可以使脂聯(lián)素水平升高、Bcl-2表達(dá)增加,Caspase 8、Caspase9表達(dá)減少;RYGB術(shù)可能通過線粒體通路減少胰島細(xì)胞凋亡。
糖尿病,實驗性;胃旁路術(shù);吻合術(shù),Roux-en-Y;脂聯(lián)素;胰島;細(xì)胞凋亡
2型糖尿?。═2DM)是一種多因素所致的慢性疾病,臨床上常規(guī)藥物及胰島素治療很難達(dá)到理想的血糖控制。Roux-en-Y胃旁路術(shù)(RYGB)可以通過有效控制血糖提高總體生存率,減少心腦血管事件的發(fā)生[1]。脂聯(lián)素是脂肪細(xì)胞分泌的重要生物活性因子,在血漿中大量存在,具有減輕胰島素抵抗、緩解T2DM、抗動脈粥樣硬化及保護(hù)腎功能等多種生物學(xué)活性[2-4]。既往研究提示RYGB術(shù)后胰島細(xì)胞凋亡減少[5],脂聯(lián)素對細(xì)胞凋亡具有保護(hù)作用[6]。本研究擬通過建立RYGB動物模型,觀察術(shù)后脂聯(lián)素變化及胰島凋亡相關(guān)蛋白的變化,探討RYGB減少胰島細(xì)胞凋亡的作用機制。
1.1 材料SPF級雄性SD大鼠60只由遼寧醫(yī)學(xué)院動物實驗中心提供,7~8周齡,體質(zhì)量210~243 g,大鼠分籠飼養(yǎng),自由飲水,飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境穩(wěn)定(22±2)℃,相對濕度45%。鏈脲佐菌素(STZ,Sigma,美國);大鼠脂聯(lián)素ELISA試劑盒(Phoe?nix,美國);兔抗鼠Bcl-2、Caspase 8、Caspase 9一抗,羊抗兔二抗,即用型SABC免疫組化染色試劑盒(武漢博士德生物工程有限公司)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 動物造模及分組60只SD大鼠利用隨機數(shù)字表法隨機分配到正常對照組(NC組),T2DM組和胃旁路手術(shù)組(RYGB組),每組20只。NC組喂食正常飼料3周;T2DM組和RYGB組大鼠喂食高脂飲食(22.19 kJ/g,蛋白質(zhì)占35%,碳水化合物占5%,脂類占60%)[7]3周,并在第13天空腹經(jīng)腹腔注入STZ 30 mg/kg(0.1 mol/L檸檬酸鹽緩沖液配制),同時NC組經(jīng)腹腔注入0.1 mol/L檸檬酸鹽緩沖液。72 h后空腹血糖≥7.8 mmol/L或餐后隨機血糖≥11.1 mmol/L為糖尿病造模成功[8]。
1.2.2 手術(shù)方法大鼠術(shù)前12 h禁食、不禁水,麻醉采用10%水合氯醛按3 mL/100 g體質(zhì)量腹腔給藥。RYGB組手術(shù)方法采用改良的胃旁路手術(shù)模型[9]。取上腹正中切口4 cm,逐層切開進(jìn)入腹腔。胃大小彎間切斷胃體,保留賁門附近約20%胃體,保留迷走神經(jīng),距Treizs韌帶10 cm離斷空腸,遠(yuǎn)端上提與殘胃吻合,距吻合口10 cm行空腸近端與空腸端側(cè)吻合,吻合均用6-0無損傷線縫合。腹腔內(nèi)注入生理鹽水3 mL,逐層縫合腹壁。NC及T2DM組為假手術(shù)組,麻醉、術(shù)前術(shù)后給藥、進(jìn)食均與RYGB組一致。取上腹正中切口4 cm,逐層剪開皮膚、皮下進(jìn)入腹腔。胃前壁切開7 mm切口,并原位縫合。所有動物術(shù)后2 d飲用10%葡萄糖,然后攝食正常飼料。
1.3 指標(biāo)檢測術(shù)前、術(shù)后7、14、21 d測定體質(zhì)量;術(shù)前、術(shù)后21 d經(jīng)鼠尾靜脈采血測量空腹血糖、脂聯(lián)素水平。術(shù)后21 d動物取材,取部分胰腺行免疫組化檢測。
1.3.1 ELISA法檢測血漿脂聯(lián)素水平術(shù)前及術(shù)后21 d通過尾靜脈穿刺法采血,每次采血0.5 mL,血樣置入EDTA抗凝的離心管中,4℃1 500 r/min離心10 min,收集血清,按試劑盒說明書操作,用酶標(biāo)儀測量并計算濃度。
1.3.2 免疫組化法(SABC法)檢測胰島凋亡相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)胰腺標(biāo)本經(jīng)4%多聚甲醛固定,常規(guī)脫水、透明、石蠟包埋切片,用于免疫組化檢測Bcl-2、Caspase 8、Caspase 9蛋白表達(dá)。一抗均按1∶200稀釋,按試劑盒說明書操作,3%雙氧水封閉內(nèi)源性過氧化物酶,微波修復(fù)。依次加入一抗及羊抗兔生物素化二抗,DAB顯色,蘇木素復(fù)染,常規(guī)脫水,透明,中性樹膠封片。PBS取代一抗作為陰性對照。切片均由3名有經(jīng)驗的病理醫(yī)師雙盲法閱片。細(xì)胞陽性表達(dá)呈棕黃色,隨機讀取5個高倍視野(×400)計數(shù)胰島細(xì)胞陽性百分率,結(jié)果的判斷結(jié)合細(xì)胞陽性表達(dá)率與染色強度采用半定量法。具體為:陽性細(xì)胞率≤25%記為0分,26%~50%為1分,51%~75%為2分,>75%為3分。將染色強度評為:無顯色為0分,淺棕黃色為1分,棕黃色為2分,棕褐色為3分。將上述2項得分相加,0分判為(-),1~2分判為(+),3~4分判為(++),5~6分判為(+++)。(-)和(+)定義為陰性表達(dá),(++)和(+++)為陽性表達(dá)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法采用SPSS 11.0軟件行統(tǒng)計分析,計量資料采用表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間多重比較采用LSD-t檢驗;計數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1 術(shù)前、術(shù)后體質(zhì)量變化所有大鼠手術(shù)經(jīng)過順利,術(shù)后RYGB組2只死于吻合口梗阻。術(shù)前3組大鼠體質(zhì)量差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,術(shù)后7、14、21 d RYGB組大鼠體質(zhì)量明顯低于T2DM與NC組(均P<0.05),術(shù)后21 d時T2DM組低于NC組(P<0.05),見表1。
Tab.1Change of body weight pre-and after operation表1 手術(shù)前后體質(zhì)量變化(g,)
Tab.1Change of body weight pre-and after operation表1 手術(shù)前后體質(zhì)量變化(g,)
*P<0.05,**P<0.01;a與NC組比較,b與T2DM組比較,P<0.05;表2、3同
組別NC組T2DM組RYGB組F n 20 20 18術(shù)前304.4±16.9 314.8±13.0 318.0±14.5 2.274術(shù)后7 d 297.6±20.4 303.5±14.7 275.9±11.0ab 7.076**術(shù)后14 d 320.2±25.6 317.6±12.2 262.0±13.4ab 30.231**術(shù)后21 d 344.5±22.5 324.3±12.4a 251.8±13.9ab 77.121**
2.2 術(shù)前、術(shù)后血糖及血漿脂聯(lián)素水平變化術(shù)前因RYGB、T2DM組為糖尿病大鼠,血糖明顯高于NC組(P<0.05),術(shù)后21 d時RYGB組血糖基本降至正常,與NC組無明顯差異,NC組、RYGB組血糖明顯低于T2DM組(均P<0.05);術(shù)前RYGB、T2DM組血漿脂聯(lián)素水平明顯低于NC組(P<0.05),術(shù)后RYGB組脂聯(lián)素水平明顯升高,與NC組無明顯差異,NC組、RYGB組均高于T2DM組(均P<0.05),見表2。
Tab.2The change of fast plasma glucose and adiponectin concentrations upon operation表2 手術(shù)前后空腹血糖和脂聯(lián)素水平變化
Tab.2The change of fast plasma glucose and adiponectin concentrations upon operation表2 手術(shù)前后空腹血糖和脂聯(lián)素水平變化
組別NC組T2DM組RYGB組F n 20 20 18血糖(mmol/L)術(shù)前4.71±0.73 11.20±2.20a 10.78±2.25a 37.917**術(shù)后21 d 4.60±0.64 10.51±2.08a 4.73±0.67b 63.144**脂聯(lián)素(μg/L)術(shù)前5.56±1.26 1.25±0.93a 1.43±0.79a 57.877**術(shù)后21 d 5.56±1.44 1.51±0.70a 5.22±0.93b 43.206**
2.3 術(shù)后胰島中Bcl-2、Caspase 8和Caspase 9表達(dá)情況比較術(shù)后RYGB組與NC組胰島中Bcl-2表達(dá)無明顯差異,RYGB組與NC組陽性表達(dá)率明顯高于T2DM組(均P<0.05)。術(shù)后T2DM組胰島中Caspase 8、Caspase 9陽性表達(dá)率明顯高于RYGB與NC組(均P<0.05),RYGB與NC組上述兩指標(biāo)無明顯差異,見圖1~3,表3。
Tab.3Comparisons of Bcl-2,Caspase 8 and Caspase 9 expressions in the rats′pancreatic islets between three groups表3 大鼠胰島中Bcl-2、Caspase 8和Caspase 9陽性表達(dá)情況比較例(%)
RYGB為T2DM治療提供了新的思路[10],患者術(shù)后可以獲得較穩(wěn)定的血糖和體質(zhì)量控制[11-12],并顯示出優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)藥物治療的優(yōu)勢。本研究顯示,與NC組及T2DM組大鼠相比,術(shù)后RYGB組體質(zhì)量明顯降低,提示RYGB對控制體質(zhì)量有確切療效,與既往研究一致[13]。而術(shù)后21 d時T2DM組體質(zhì)量明顯低于NC組,考慮可能與該組大鼠患有糖尿病有關(guān)。本研究顯示RYGB術(shù)后血糖降至正常范圍,與T2DM組大鼠相比差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。有研究顯示體質(zhì)量在血糖的調(diào)節(jié)中起到重要作用[14],本研究考慮RYGB術(shù)后體質(zhì)量減低有利于控制血糖,與既往研究一致[15-16]。
脂聯(lián)素是脂肪細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生和分泌的激素,具有多種生物學(xué)活性功能,低水平的脂聯(lián)素與肥胖、胰島素抵抗、T2DM等疾病相關(guān)[2]。脂聯(lián)素受體1(AdipoR1)在胰島細(xì)胞中表達(dá)占優(yōu)勢,與糖尿病、肥胖發(fā)生密切相關(guān)[17]。脂聯(lián)素及其受體可以通過提高胰島素敏感性對血糖進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)[18]。本研究顯示RYGB術(shù)后脂聯(lián)素水平升高,考慮可能通過其受體參與血糖的調(diào)節(jié)。在T2DM的發(fā)病機制中,胰島素抵抗及胰島素產(chǎn)生相對不足是主要病理因素,凋亡在T2DM中是一種常見現(xiàn)象,是引起胰島細(xì)胞相對不足的原因之一[19]。Bad等生物分子是Bcl-2家族中的致凋亡蛋白,它通過結(jié)合和拮抗Bcl-2和Bcl-xL分子促進(jìn)線粒體釋放細(xì)胞色素C,進(jìn)而激活Caspase 9,引起Caspase級聯(lián)反應(yīng),誘發(fā)凋亡[20]。Bcl-2和Caspase9是線粒體凋亡通路的標(biāo)志性蛋白。盡管凋亡的機制尚不完全清楚,但在T2DM中糖毒性、脂毒性是其重要的致病因素之一[21]。暴露于高糖、高脂狀態(tài)下的線粒體膜可激活Bcl-2家族致凋亡成員,誘導(dǎo)胰島細(xì)胞凋亡[22]。本研究觀察到T2DM組胰島細(xì)胞內(nèi)存在Bcl-2表達(dá)減少和Caspase 9表達(dá)相對升高,考慮線粒體通路可能參與胰島細(xì)胞凋亡的調(diào)節(jié)。而RYGB術(shù)后Bcl-2及Caspase 9表達(dá)逆轉(zhuǎn),考慮手術(shù)可能通過影響線粒體通路減少胰島細(xì)胞凋亡。有研究表明脂聯(lián)素可以通過線粒體通路上調(diào)Bcl-2表達(dá),減少脂肪酸誘導(dǎo)的胰島細(xì)胞凋亡[23],筆者推測RYGB術(shù)后脂聯(lián)素可能通過改變Bcl-2及Caspase 9表達(dá),從而影響線粒體通路,減少胰島細(xì)胞凋亡;但該研究提示Caspase 8未參與凋亡,與本研究結(jié)果Caspase 8表達(dá)減少不符,考慮RYGB術(shù)后可能存在除脂聯(lián)素以外的其他通路調(diào)節(jié)。
總之,本研究提示RYGB術(shù)后可能通過體質(zhì)量減輕及脂聯(lián)素升高有效降低血糖,脂聯(lián)素可能通過線粒體通路減少胰島細(xì)胞凋亡。本研究提示脂聯(lián)素、Bcl-2等分子可做為靶點為T2DM治療提供新的思路。雖然本研究提示了脂聯(lián)素通過線粒體通路的抗凋亡機制,但其具體機制尚待進(jìn)一步研究證實。
(圖1~3見插頁)
[1]Adams TD,Davidson LE,Litwin SE,et al.Health benefits of gastric bypass surgery after 6 years[J].JAMA,2012,308(11):1122-1131.
[2]Ghoshal K,Bhattacharyya M.Adiponectin:Probe of the molecular paradigm associating diabetes and obesity[J].World J Diabetes,2015,6(1):151-166.doi:10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.151.
[3]Chen ZY,Wen Y,Zhang SH,et al.Renal protection effect of gastric bypass and its mechanism in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats[J].Med J Chin PLA,2014,39(6):454-458.[陳振宇,文藝,張少華,等.胃轉(zhuǎn)流術(shù)對2型糖尿病大鼠腎臟的保護(hù)作用及其機制探討[J].解放軍醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2014,39(6):454-458].doi:10.11855/j.issn.0577-74 02.2014.06.06.
[4]Pradeepa R,Surendar J,Indulekha K,et al.Association of serum adiponectin with diabetic microvascular complications among south Indian type 2 diabetic subjects-(CURES-133)[J].Clin Biochem,2015,48(1-2):33-38.doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.10.009.
[5]Yang J,F(xiàn)eng X,Zhong S,et al.Gastric bypass surgery may improve beta cell apoptosis with ghrelin overexpression in patients with BMI≥32.5 kg/m2[J].Obes Surg,2014,24(4):561-571.doi:10.1007/ s11695-013-1135-4.
[6]Jian L,Su YX,Deng HC.Adiponectin-induced inhibition of intrin?sic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways protects pancreatic beta-cells against apoptosis[J].Horm Metab Res,2013,45(8):561-566.doi:10.1055/s-0033-1341500.
[7]Mansor LS,Gonzalez ER,Cole MA,et al.Cardiac metabolism in a new rat model of type 2 diabetes using high-fat diet with low dose streptozotocin[J].Cardiovasc Diabetol,2012,7(12):136.doi:10.1186/ 1475-2840-12-136.
[8]Cao S,Li B,Yi X,et al.Effects of exercise on AMPK signaling and downstream components to PI3K in rat with type 2 diabetes[J]. PLoS One,2012,7(12):e51709.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0051709.
[9]Meguid MM,Ramos EJ,Suzuki S,et al.A surgical rat model of human Roux-en-Y gastric bypass[J].J Gastrointest Surg,2004,8(5):621-630.
[10]Schauer PR,Bhatt DL,Kirwan JP,et al.Bariatric surgery versus in?tensive medical therapy for diabetes--3-year outcomes[J].N Engl J Med,2014,370(21):2002-2013.doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1401329.
[11]Arterburn D,Powers JD,Toh S,et al.Comparative effectiveness of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding vs laparoscopic gastric by?pass[J].JAMA Surg,2014,149(12):1279-1287.doi:10.1001/jama?surg.2014.1674.
[12]Li C,Qi F,Liu T.The effect of different alimentary reconstruction after radical surgery for gastric cancer on blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes[J].Tianjin Med J,2010,38(6):489-491.[李川,戚峰,劉彤.不同消化道重建方式對胃癌合并2型糖尿病患者血糖的影響[J].天津醫(yī)藥,2010,38(6):489-491].10.3969/j. issn.0253-9896.2010.06.014.
[13]de Hollanda A,Jimenez A,Corcelles R,et al.Gastrointestinal hormones and weight loss response after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass[J].Surg Obes Relat Dis,2014,10(5):814-819.doi:10.1016/j.soard.2014.01.022.
[14]Head GA.Cardiovascular and metabolic consequences of obesity[J]. Front Physiol,2015,6(32):1-3.doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00032.
[15]Uchida A,Zechner JF,Mani BK,et al.Altered ghrelin secretion in mice in response to diet-induced obesity and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass[J].MolMetab,2014,3(7):717-730.doi:10.1016/j.mol?met.2014.07.009.
[16]Yan W,Polidori D,Yieh L,et al.Effects of meal size on the release of GLP-1 and PYY after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in obese subjects with or without type 2 diabetes[J].Obes Surg,2014,24(11):1969-1974.doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2014.07.009.
[17]Giby VG,Ajith TA.Role of adipokines and peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[J].World J Hepatol,2014,6(8):570-579.doi:10.4254/wjh.v6.i8.570.
[18]Patel SA,Hoehn KL,Lawrence RT,et al.Overexpression of the adi?ponectin receptor AdipoR1 in rat skeletal muscle amplifies local in?sulin sensitivity[J].Endocrinology,2012,153(11):5231-5246.doi:10.1210/en.2012-1368.
[19]Cui W,Ma J,Wang X,et al.Free fatty acid induces endoplasmic re?ticulum stress and apoptosis of beta-cells by Ca2+/calpain-2 pathways[J].PLoS One,2013,8(3):e59921.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059921.
[20]Willis SN,F(xiàn)letcher JI,Kaufmann T,et al.Apoptosis initiated when BH3 ligands engage multiple Bcl-2 homologs,not Bax or Bak[J].Science,2007,315(5813):856-859.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059921.
[21]Syeda K,Mohammed AM,Arora DK,et al.Glucotoxic conditions in?duce endoplasmic reticulum stress to cause caspase 3 mediated lam?in B degradation in pancreatic beta-cells:protection by nifedipine[J].Biochem Pharmacol,2013,86(9):1338-1346.
[22]Rabinovitch A,Suarez-Pinzon W,Strynadka K,et al.Transfection of human pancreatic islets with an anti-apoptotic gene(bcl-2)pro?tects beta-cells from cytokine-induced destruction[J].Diabetes,1999,48(6):1223-1229.
[23]Long J,Su YX,Deng HC.Lipoapoptosis pathways in pancreatic be?ta-cells and the anti-apoptosis mechanisms of adiponectin[J]. Horm Metab Res,2014,46(10):722-727.doi:10.1055/s-0034-1382014.
(2015-03-06收稿2015-04-07修回)
(本文編輯李國琪)
The effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on expressions of adiponectin and pancreatic islets related apoptotic proteins in type 2 diabetic rats
CHAI Fang,GAO Xiangnan,WANG Jun,LI Qiang,ZHAO Shupeng△
The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University,Jinzhou 121001,China△
ObjectiveTo explore the anti-apoptotic mechanism of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB)through exam?ine the postoperative change of adiponectin levels and expressions of pancreatic islets relative apoptotic protein.Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly allocated to RYGB group(n=20),type 2 diabetes mellitus group(T2DM,n=20)and normal con?trol group(NC,n=20).Rats in the NC group were fed with normal diet.In order to make type 2 diabetic rat models,the rats in the T2DM and RYGB groups were fed with high fat diet(22.19 kJ/g)combined with administration of intraperitoneal strep?tozotocin injection(STZ,30 mg/kg)on the 13thday of high fat diet.RYGB operation were performed in RYGB group and sham-operation were performed in the T2DM and NC groups when diabetic model was contructed.Rats were weight preoper?atively and at the 7th,14th,21stdays after operations.Fasting plasma glucose and adiponectin(ELISA)were measured preoper?atively and at 21stday postoperatively.Protein expressions of Bcl-2,Caspase 8 and Caspase 9 in pancreatic islets were ex?amined by immunohistochemistry at the 21stday postoperatively.ResultsBody weights do not vary significantly among three groups preoperatively.Compared to rats in the NC group,fast plasma glucose level was higher but adiponectin was low?er in rats in RYGB and T2DM groups.Body weights of rats in RYGB group decreased significantly compared to those of rats in NC and T2DM groups postoperatively.Compared to rats in T2DM group,fasting glucose level was lower while adiponectin concentrations was higher in rats in RYGB group but no differences of these parameters were seen in rats in NC group at the 21stday postoperatively.Expression of Bcl-2 in RYGB group was significantly elevated while expressions of Caspase 8 and Caspase 9 were significantly decreased compared to those in T2DM group postoperatively.ConclusionAdiponectin levelswas elevated;expressions of Bcl-2 was increased;expressions of Caspase 8,Caspase 9 were decreased upon RYGB opera?tion in T2DM model.RYGB might reduce pancreatic islets apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway.
diabetes mellitus,experimental;gastric bypass;anastomosis,Roux-en-Y;adiponectin;islets of langerhans;apoptosis
R587.1
A
10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.08.008
遼寧省自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(2013022044);遼寧醫(yī)學(xué)院博士科研啟動基金項目(Y2012B017)
遼寧錦州市,遼寧醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院普外科(郵編121001)
柴芳(1973),男,副主任醫(yī)師,博士研究生,主要從事胃旁路手術(shù)治療2型糖尿病的基礎(chǔ)研究
△通訊作者E-mail:lyfsdyyy@163.com