張浩宇,呂廣霖,袁和興,魏雪棟,胡林昆,張學(xué)鋒,侯建全
體質(zhì)指數(shù)、血脂水平與前列腺穿刺活檢陽(yáng)性間的關(guān)系
張浩宇,呂廣霖,袁和興,魏雪棟,胡林昆,張學(xué)鋒,侯建全△
目的探討體質(zhì)指數(shù)(BMI)、血脂水平與前列腺穿刺活檢陽(yáng)性之間的關(guān)系。方法回顧性分析2013年2月—2014年8月間在我院行前列腺穿刺活檢患者214例,根據(jù)穿刺病理結(jié)果分為前列腺癌組和非癌組,比較2組間年齡、前列腺特異性抗原(PSA)、前列腺體積(PV)、血脂水平、體質(zhì)指數(shù)(BMI)等指標(biāo),并分析前列腺穿刺陽(yáng)性的危險(xiǎn)因素。結(jié)果前列腺癌組年齡、PSA、BMI高于非癌組,而PV、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)則低于非癌組(均P<0.05)。Logistic回歸分析提示年齡大,PSA、BMI升高是前列腺穿刺活檢陽(yáng)性的危險(xiǎn)因素,而PV、HDL-C升高則為保護(hù)因素(均P<0.05)。結(jié)論綜合評(píng)估患者BMI及血脂水平可為前列腺癌的早期篩查及前列腺穿刺方案的制定提供重要信息,對(duì)高危人群的早預(yù)防、早診斷、早治療提供重要依據(jù)。
前列腺腫瘤;穿刺術(shù);人體質(zhì)量指數(shù);膽固醇,HDL;前列腺特異抗原;前列腺體積
1.1研究對(duì)象選擇2013年2月—2014年8月在我院行前列腺穿刺活檢患者214例,年齡39~85歲,平均(68.8± 8.1)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):第1次前列腺穿刺,直腸指診觸及前列腺結(jié)節(jié),或血清前列腺特異性抗原(PSA)>4 μg/L,或影像學(xué)檢查(經(jīng)直腸B超或前列腺M(fèi)RI)探及前列腺內(nèi)異常信號(hào)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并其他惡性腫瘤,急慢性肝腎功能障礙,降血脂藥物使用史。根據(jù)穿刺病理結(jié)果,將患者分為前列腺癌組和非癌組。
1.2方法
1.2.1臨床資料的收集收集入組患者的年齡、PSA值、體質(zhì)指數(shù)(BMI)等臨床資料??崭钩檠獧z測(cè)血膽固醇(CHOL)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)。
1.2.2前列腺穿刺及體積測(cè)定方法經(jīng)直腸超聲引導(dǎo)12針穿刺,對(duì)前列腺結(jié)節(jié)或影像學(xué)異常信號(hào)部位加1~2針,經(jīng)直腸超聲測(cè)定前列腺的上下、左右及前后徑,根據(jù)公式前列腺體積(PV)=0.52×上下徑×左右徑×前后徑,計(jì)算PV。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用SPSS 19.0軟件處理,數(shù)據(jù)用M(P25,P75)表示,組間比較采用非參數(shù)的秩和檢驗(yàn)。采用多因素Lo?gistic回歸分析前列腺穿刺陽(yáng)性的影響因素。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1前列腺癌組與非癌組一般臨床資料比較前列腺癌組患者較非癌組年齡較大、PSA值較高、前列腺體積較小、HDL-C較低、BMI較高(均P<0.05),其余指標(biāo)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見表1。
Tab.1Comparison of baseline clinical data between prostate cancer and non-cancer groups表1前列腺癌組與非癌組一般臨床資料比較M(P25,P75)
2.2前列腺穿刺陽(yáng)性影響因素分析以前列腺穿刺病理結(jié)果為因變量(陰性賦值0,陽(yáng)性賦值1),將年齡、PSA、PV、CHOL、HDL-C、LDL-C、TG、BMI作為自變量,引入多因素Logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示年齡大,PSA、BMI升高是前列腺穿刺陽(yáng)性的危險(xiǎn)因素,而PV、HDL-C升高則為保護(hù)因素,見表2。
Tab.2The Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for cancer dectection of prostate biopsy表2前列腺穿刺陽(yáng)性的相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素Logistic回歸分析
前列腺癌的危險(xiǎn)因素除年齡、種族、家族史外,可能還包括與環(huán)境和生活方式有關(guān)的諸多因素,如肥胖、體能活動(dòng)不足及高膽固醇飲食等,但尚未明確[6]。因此,近年來(lái)肥胖、膽固醇水平成為前列腺癌研究領(lǐng)域的熱點(diǎn)。Schuurman等[7]通過(guò)一項(xiàng)納入5萬(wàn)余例荷蘭老年男性的隊(duì)列研究發(fā)現(xiàn),前列腺癌發(fā)病率與BMI有關(guān)。Liang等[8]對(duì)3 258例前列腺穿刺患者研究發(fā)現(xiàn),BMI升高是預(yù)測(cè)前列腺癌及高級(jí)別前列腺癌的獨(dú)立因素。我國(guó)尚缺乏這方面的大樣本研究。
本研究結(jié)果提示前列腺癌患者BMI較高,BMI升高是穿刺陽(yáng)性的危險(xiǎn)因素。Gade-Andavolu等[9]發(fā)現(xiàn)在前列腺癌患者血清中,肥胖相關(guān)基因leptin的表達(dá)高于普通人群,并認(rèn)為肥胖可能是前列腺癌發(fā)病率增加的一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因素。Patel等[10]發(fā)現(xiàn)肥胖和脂肪細(xì)胞分泌因子,尤其是高水平內(nèi)脂素可明顯促進(jìn)前列腺癌的發(fā)展。此外,肥胖常可導(dǎo)致身體出現(xiàn)輕度慢性炎癥,主要表現(xiàn)為高濃度巨噬細(xì)胞和炎性細(xì)胞對(duì)脂肪組織浸潤(rùn),并促使前列腺癌發(fā)生[11]。盡管如此,針對(duì)肥胖與前列腺癌之間相互關(guān)系的分子及細(xì)胞學(xué)研究仍相對(duì)缺乏。值得注意的是,本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)HDL-C是前列腺穿刺陽(yáng)性的保護(hù)因素,與國(guó)外的報(bào)道相符[4-5]。Su等[12]使用HDL-C相關(guān)載脂蛋白(如載脂蛋白A-I)及模擬肽來(lái)研究HDL-C與腫瘤細(xì)胞間的相互作用,結(jié)果顯示HDL-C模擬肽可顯著降低BALB/c小鼠結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞的存活率及增殖能力,其細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的癌癥負(fù)擔(dān)也有所下降,并在對(duì)卵巢癌的研究中得出了類似的結(jié)論。盡管如此,HDLC模擬肽與前列腺癌之間的關(guān)系仍待進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)。
HDL-C在前列腺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展中或許具有兩面性,且與雄激素水平存在復(fù)雜的關(guān)系。已有研究表明,在接受雄激素阻斷治療的前列腺癌患者中,其HDL-C水平卻有所上升[13]。Sekine等[14]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),HDL-C可通過(guò)ERK1/2及Akt機(jī)制誘發(fā)非雄激素依賴型前列腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖和遷移,而對(duì)雄激素依賴型前列腺癌細(xì)胞無(wú)此影響。Fukuchi等[15]發(fā)現(xiàn),雄激素可抑制一種膽固醇跨膜逆轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白ABCA1在前列腺癌細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)。然而,在非雄激素依賴型前列腺癌細(xì)胞中,ABCA1表達(dá)量高于雄激素依賴型前列腺癌細(xì)胞[16],HDL-C可由ABCA1介導(dǎo),從而促進(jìn)非雄激素依賴型前列腺細(xì)胞的增殖與遷移。此外,HDL-C可轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)鞘氨醇磷酸酯(S1P),S1P和重組HDL-C可激活正常細(xì)胞及非雄激素依賴型前列腺癌細(xì)胞Stat3信號(hào)通路,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)其增殖、遷移和侵襲[17]??梢栽O(shè)想,綜合評(píng)估前列腺癌患者HDL-C及雄激素水平,可為判斷是否為雄激素依賴型前列腺癌提供參考,而且對(duì)于接受雄激素阻斷治療的前列腺癌患者,可以判斷是否由雄激素依賴型向非依賴型轉(zhuǎn)變。由于本研究對(duì)象較局限,仍需大樣本的隊(duì)列研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)HDL-C、雄激素水平與前列腺癌的關(guān)系,并且與經(jīng)直腸前列腺穿刺比較,經(jīng)會(huì)陰飽和穿刺可提高PSA灰區(qū)患者穿刺陽(yáng)性率[18],穿刺方案不同可能導(dǎo)致BMI、血脂水平與穿刺陽(yáng)性間關(guān)系變化,因此本研究結(jié)論仍需多種穿刺方案進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
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(2014-11-06收稿 2015-02-06修回)
(本文編輯 李國(guó)琪)
Relationship of body mass index and blood lipid level with cancer detection on prostate biopsy
ZHANG Haoyu,LYU Guanglin,YUAN Hexing,WEI Xuedong,HU Linkun,ZHANG Xuefeng,HOU Jianquan△
Department of Urology,F(xiàn)irst Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou 215000,China△
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between body mass index(BMI),blood lipid level and cancer de?tection in prostate biopsy.MethodsA total of 214 patients undergoing a prostate biopsy during 2013.2—2014.8 were re?viewed retrospectively.They were divided into prostate cancer and non-cancer groups by biopsy results.The differences of age,prostate-specific antigen(PSA)level,prostate volume(PV),blood lipid level and BMI were analyzed between two groups.Risk factors for cancer detection of biopsy were also analyzed.ResultsCompared with non-cancer patients,pros?tate cancer patients were older,had higher level of PSA and BMI,but smaller PV and lower level of HDL-C(P<0.05).Lo?gistic regression analysis showed that older,higher level of PSA and BMI were risk factors for prostate biopsy positive,but larger PV and higher level of HDL-C were protective factors(P<0.05).ConclusionComprehensive assessment of BMI and blood lipid levels can provide important reference for prostate cancer screening at early time and establishment of pros?tate biopsy scheme,which also provide significant evidence for the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer at early stage for high risk population.
prostatic neoplasms;punctures;body mass index;cholesterol,HDL;prostate-specific antigen;prostate volume隨著生活水平的提高,肥胖問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重,且許多研究也表明肥胖與癌癥的發(fā)生、發(fā)展關(guān)系極為密切,如子宮內(nèi)膜癌[1]、乳腺癌[2]、結(jié)腸癌[3]等。近年來(lái)國(guó)外一些研究表明,高密度脂蛋白降低是前列腺癌的危險(xiǎn)因素[4-5]。本研究通過(guò)分析前列腺穿刺患者的臨床資料,探索肥胖、血脂水平與前列腺癌之間的關(guān)系。
R737.25
A
10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.07.018
蘇州大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院泌尿外科(郵編215000)
張浩宇(1988),男,碩士在讀,主要從事泌尿系腫瘤研究
△通訊作者E-mail:xf192@163.com