建筑設(shè)計(jì)：挪威顧問集團(tuán)索利姆建筑事務(wù)所

比納塞特安養(yǎng)中心，特隆赫姆，挪威

Byneset Health and Welfare Center，Trondheim，Norway，2003

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：挪威顧問集團(tuán)索利姆建筑事務(wù)所

Architects: Norconsult Solem Arkitektur

1 總平面/Site plan

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目在1999年舉行設(shè)計(jì)競賽，2003年竣工。特隆赫姆住房互助學(xué)會(huì)與特隆赫姆市地方政府合作，為年齡不同、需求不同的老年人提供公寓和護(hù)理院。

·16間中老年公寓。停車場在地下室。公寓為雙床間，每間約75m2。作為獨(dú)立的建筑單元，與服務(wù)中心和護(hù)理院并不相連，但在必要的地方靠近家庭護(hù)理服務(wù)。因此有安全感，不會(huì)覺得是住在養(yǎng)老院。

·30間老年公寓。所有公寓都與活動(dòng)服務(wù)中心相連。需要長期護(hù)理的老人可以通過室內(nèi)通信獲得家庭護(hù)理中心或護(hù)理院的24小時(shí)援助。公寓面積約54m2。

·活動(dòng)服務(wù)中心。這座建筑還有家庭護(hù)理服務(wù)中心、訓(xùn)練用廚房、行政辦公室及餐廳。餐廳和活動(dòng)室是對外開放的?；顒?dòng)室可用于多種社交活動(dòng)，如會(huì)議、游戲、生日聚會(huì)等。中間區(qū)還有壁爐，折疊墻打開后可舉行圣誕節(jié)聚會(huì)等大型活動(dòng)，屋頂?shù)母叨茸阋粤⑵鹨豢么蟮氖フQ樹。這是挪威的傳統(tǒng)。

·帶24個(gè)單床間的護(hù)理院。此外還有6間老年癡呆患者公寓，它們相互靠近，但與護(hù)理院的其他部分是分開的。6間臥室一組，共用一個(gè)起居室。每組都有獨(dú)立的廚房，但各組廚房兩兩靠近。這就減少了所需護(hù)工的數(shù)量。

室內(nèi)外的聯(lián)系在設(shè)計(jì)中是十分重要的。建筑位于斯龐達(dá)爾村優(yōu)美的鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境中，坐落在村中心和高爾夫球場之間。老年癡呆患者往往都很需要通過體育鍛煉來避免焦躁和好斗情緒。這可以代替會(huì)引發(fā)許多不良副作用的藥物治療。在本項(xiàng)目中，住戶確確實(shí)實(shí)有機(jī)會(huì)到戶外去，而且是依靠他們自己。

作為建筑師，我們很榮幸能與發(fā)起人共同承擔(dān)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。（尚晉 譯）

2.3 外景/Exterior views

4 外景/Exterior views

Organized by a local building society （TOBB ）in cooperation with local authorities （Trondheim kommune），the project provides flats and a nursing home for elderly people of different ages and with different needs. The design competition was held in 1999，and the building was completed in 2003.

The project consists of 16 flats for senior citizens，30 flats for elderly people，an activity-service center and a nursing home. Each senior flat measures 75m2，has two bedrooms and a garage in the basement. Built as separate units，they are not physically linked to the service center and nursing home，but are conveniently situated in adjacent to homecare services. Therefore the residents can have a sense of security without the feeling of living at a nursing home.

The 30 flats for elderly people are physically linked to the activity-service center. Those who need assistance on a regular basis can get 24-hour assistance from the homecare center or the nursing home through indoor communication. Each of these flats measures roughly 54m2.

The activity-service center contains homecare services，kitchen for training purposes，administration offices and cafeteria. The cafeteria and activity rooms are open to the public. The latter can be used for various social activities such as meetings，games，birthday parties，etc. Foldable walls can open up the central area for large gatherings such as Christmas celebration，with a fireplace and a high roof to accommodate a large Christmas tree following the Norwegian tradition.

The nursing home has 24 single bedrooms. In addition there are 6 flats for patients with dementia，situated close to one another but separate from the rest of the nursing home. Bedrooms are situated in groups of 6，each having a shared living room and a separate kitchen. Within each group，every two bedrooms are placed next to each other，thus reducing the number of staff needed.

The connection between the interior and the exterior plays an important part of the design. The project is situated in beautiful rural surroundings at Spongdal，between the village center and a golf course. Patients with dementia have often a great need for physical exercise to avoid restlessness and aggression. This can often substitute the medication that has many unwanted side effects. In this project，the users have been given a real chance to conduct outdoor activities even on their own.

As architects we are proud to have contributed to the project together with the initiators.

5-7 外景/Exterior views

8 內(nèi)景/Interior view

評論

周燕珉：設(shè)施在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)能夠充分利用周邊優(yōu)越的自然環(huán)境，使建筑與場地環(huán)境很好地融合在一起。外部庭院中的動(dòng)物角和植物角，也成為老人接觸自然、放松身心的佳地。在公共區(qū)域的處理上，特別注重空間的流通性，門廳、餐廳與休息廳相互銜接且不完全隔離，形成通透、開敞而富有生氣的場所。在參觀中感覺到工作人員的獨(dú)立辦公空間并不多，詢問后得知是因?yàn)楣ぷ魅藛T大多時(shí)間都會(huì)與老人們待在一起，設(shè)施管理者也鼓勵(lì)他們多與老人交流。這種管理模式對空間設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)生的影響也帶給我很大啟發(fā)。

9 老年公寓首層平面局部/Floor 0 plan （partial），flats for elderly people

龔愷：我曾經(jīng)訪問過歐洲的數(shù)個(gè)老人中心，因此對這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)的理念并不陌生。在這類建筑設(shè)計(jì)中，對“公共”部分的思考要遠(yuǎn)甚于“私密”部分。這種“公共”，不僅是指餐廳、護(hù)理、辦公等一般認(rèn)為人流集中的部分，更多的是那些日常生活中隨時(shí)隨地可以給一部分老人用來閑聊發(fā)呆的地方。令我感動(dòng)的是，這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)在單身老人的單元中，用6間圍合成一個(gè)公共起居室的做法，在造訪中我曾看到幾個(gè)老人圍坐在一起，沒有太多的言語，靜靜打發(fā)漫長的下午時(shí)光。

Comments

ZHOU Yanmin: The design makes the best of the site's favorable natural environment，integrating the building with its surroundings. The flora and fauna corners in the exterior courtyard also become a nice place for elderly people to expose to nature and to relax. In the treatment of public areas，particular emphasis is given to spatial mobility: without being completely separated from the rest of the building complex，the entrance hall，canteen and lounge are interconnected so as to create an open，lively setting. During the visit，I felt that there is not much independent office space for the staff； after some inquires，I was told that this is because the facility managers encourage them to communicate with elderly people，so they spend a lot of time together. For me the kind of effect that management pattern has on spatial design is quite inspiring.

10.11 活動(dòng)服務(wù)中心內(nèi)景/Interior views，activity and service center12 內(nèi)景/Interior view

GONG Kai: Since I have visited several elderly-care centers in Europe，the design concept of this project does not seem unfamiliar to me. In this type of architectural designs，there are far greater concerns for the "public" areas than for the "private" areas. Here "public" does not merely refer to the canteen，nursing rooms and offices that are commonly regarded as population-concentrated areas，but rather refers to places where elderly people may chat and idle whenever they like during their daily life. I am very touched to see the way every six rooms are arranged around a common living room in the design for single units. During my visit I saw several old people sitting around together，quietly passing the long afternoon with minimum exchange of words.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and data

項(xiàng)目建筑師/Project Architect: Sivilarkitekt MNAL Erik Vestgaard景觀建筑師/Landscape Architect: Nina Wang Bj?rsvik

單方造價(jià)/Cost: Approx. 27，000 NOK/m2

面積/Area: Approx. 10，000m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 1999-2003

攝影/Photos: Erling Skakkes/Norconsult Solem Arkitektur