建筑設(shè)計：格德斯·克魯斯建筑事務(wù)所

阿爾卡比德希社保綜合樓，卡斯凱什，葡萄牙

Social Complex in Alcabideche，Cascais，Portugal，2012

建筑設(shè)計：格德斯·克魯斯建筑事務(wù)所

Architects: Guedes Cruz Arquitectos

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

阿爾卡比德希區(qū)社保綜合樓位于里斯本都市區(qū)的卡斯凱什市，總建筑面積約10，000m2。它的目標(biāo)是創(chuàng)造一種新的都市生活方式，使室外的街道、廣場和花園空間成為建筑本體的一種延伸。

建筑群于2012年竣工，有52座住宅（老年夫婦的居住單元）和一棟服務(wù)樓，其中是社交區(qū)、有獨(dú)立房間的護(hù)理區(qū)和臥床患者區(qū)。

連接部分的模數(shù)為7.5m，并與梅迪納市一樣有寬窄各異的街道，讓步行者能在白天享受住宅帶來的陰涼，晚上又能有燈光的指引。

在發(fā)生緊急情況時，住戶可以啟動警報，通知中央樓控制室。方盒子屋頂?shù)臒艄庖矔兓?，使由白色變成紅色。

最終方案取決于建筑造型的效果或所選系統(tǒng)和材料的實(shí)際功效。

住宅的造型有一個裸露的混凝土核，再由“糙”木條構(gòu)成居住區(qū)、起居室和廚房、臥室和衛(wèi)生間。還有一個盒子，它的樹脂玻璃材料具有獨(dú)特的性質(zhì)：（白色的）能反射陽光，不透水，抗火抗風(fēng)化，（半透明的）還能透光。

住宅單元能保持室內(nèi)溫度的原因在于白盒子屋頂?shù)姆瓷涮匦?，以及樹脂玻璃盒子與混凝土基座之間空氣層的熱功效。

中央樓也采用同樣的模式和原則，并有日常生活所需的全部設(shè)施。

它有光伏電廠的發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，以此為住宅的居住區(qū)供電。（尚晉 譯）

項目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: José Guedes Cruz，César Marques，Marco Martínez Marinho

合作者/Collaborators: Patrícia Maria Matos，Nelson Aranha，Jo?o Sim?es，Isabel Granes

發(fā)起人/Promoter: Funda??o Social do Quadro Bancário

結(jié)構(gòu)/Structure: PPE

特殊裝置/Special Installations: Espa?o Energia

景觀設(shè)計/Landscape Architecture: Paula Botas

聯(lián)合承建方/Construction Consortium: FDO + JOFEBAR

監(jiān)理/Supervision: Mace

功能/Program: 老年住宅/Elderly people's residence

場地面積/Site Area: 12，876m2

總建筑面積/Total Floor Area: 9956m2

住宅單元面積/Area of Each Housing Unit: 53m2

總住宅面積/Total Area of Housing Units: 2756m2

主樓面積/Area of the Main Building: 地上/Above ground: 2700m2，地下/Below ground: 4500m2，總面積/Total: 7200m2

攝影/Photos: Ricardo Oliveira Alves

2 步行流線與住宅單元能耗圖解/Graphical scheme of energetic efficiency of housing units and pedestrian connections of the units to the central building

3 住宅單元之間的通道/Circulation between the housing units

Located in Cascais，in the metropolitan area of Lisbon，the Social Complex of Alcabideche with a total construction area of approximately 10，000m2aims to reconstitute a Mediterranean life style in which the outdoor spaces of streets，plazas and gardens are like an extension of the house itself.

Completed in 2012，the project comprises 52 houses （housing units intended for elderly couples）and a main support building that houses the social areas，a nursing area with individual rooms and an area for bedridden patients.

The connective layout with a modulation of 7.5m has，as in a medina，streets of different widths reserved for pedestrians，who enjoy the shade protection provided by the houses in the daytime and are guided by the house light at night.

In the event of an emergency，users can activate an alarm that alerts the control station located in the central building； the box-shaped roof's light changes，and the large white box turns red.

The final solutions depend on the effectiveness of the architectural form or on the actual efficiency of the selected systems and materials used.

The houses are formed by a nucleus of exposed concrete，with a "rough" formwork of wooden lathes that house the habitable area，living room and kitchen，bedroom and bathroom. The box-shaped roof's Plexiglas material has specific characteristics: reflecting the sun's rays when it is white，impermeable，weather-and fireresistant while allowing the light in when it is translucent.

The stabilization of interior temperature is due to the reflective properties of the white roof box and the thermal efficiency of the air cushion created between the Plexiglas box and the concrete base.

The central building，following the same modelling and principles，contains all of the common services necessary for proper functioning and quality of living. It includes electricity production systems and a photovoltaic plant that supply the habitable areas of the residence.

4 雙層住宅單元/Double housing unit

5 帶水池的住宅單元/Housing unit with outdoor pool6 中央樓接待廳/Reception hall，central building7 中央樓公共衛(wèi)生間/Public sanitary facilities，central building8 住宅單元平面、立面、剖面與構(gòu)造細(xì)部/Plan，section，elevation and construction detail，housing unit.

評論

劉燕輝：這個位于葡萄牙濱海城市的小型建筑群以獨(dú)特的手法創(chuàng)造性地解讀了新時代老齡社區(qū)的場所精神。建筑群的設(shè)計通過對內(nèi)部街巷以及居住單元的模數(shù)探索，保留了城區(qū)的舊有尺度，以文脈的延續(xù)喚起居住者舊時的記憶。陽光下粗糙的混凝土基座與輕盈的樹脂玻璃上蓋形成了鮮明的對比，靜謐而富有朝氣，為老年住戶營造出充滿活力的詩意空間。夜間半透明屋頂發(fā)出柔和的白光，為住戶出行提供了便利；而當(dāng)緊急情況發(fā)生時，屋頂燈光的顏色可由白變紅以便發(fā)出求救信號，這一設(shè)計充分將使用群體的功能性訴求融入建筑中。劉玉龍：建筑組團(tuán)以一種理性的格網(wǎng)體系布局和純凈的現(xiàn)代主義形式構(gòu)成，幾乎相同的立方體組成寬寬窄窄的街道，中間是尺度較大的護(hù)理樓，形成空間的核心（landmark）。建筑采用素混凝土外墻，模板的肌理給人以可觸感，凹進(jìn)的混凝土數(shù)字編號在形式上映射了規(guī)劃的理性。建筑頂部的白色樹脂給整個社區(qū)增加了一種漂浮感，特別是當(dāng)某一座建筑物因?yàn)榫幼≌吆艚卸兂杉t色的時候，更彰顯了整個社區(qū)的機(jī)器美學(xué)的偏好，但是否也同時帶來了整個社區(qū)居住者的緊張和不安？住在這里，需要?dú)v經(jīng)人生百態(tài)而心靜如水。

9 中央樓室外休閑區(qū)/Outdoor recreation area，central building

10 住宅單元室外夜景/Outdoor night view of housing units

11 中央樓小教堂/Chapel at central building

Comments

LIU Yanhui: The small building complex，located in a coastal city of Portugal，interprets the modern community for elderly people in a unique and innovative way. The design explores the modules of interior streets，lanes and residential units，and maintains the former dimensions of the districts so as to arouse old memories in the residents through continuity of traditions. In the sunlight，the coarse concrete pedestals form a sharp contrast to the light，resin glass cover； the serene yet vital atmosphere creates a vigorously poetic space for elderly residents. At night，the soft，white light reflected from the translucent roof provides convenience for residents to go around，whereas in cases of emergency，the light turns red to send out SOS signals.With this approach，functional demands of the user group are fully incorporated into the architectural design. LIU Yulong: The building cluster is composed within a rational grid system and a modernistic form. Streets of various widths are formed by cubic houses which look almost identical. At the center is the nursing building，which is of a larger scale and serves as a core landmark of the entire space. The casting texture of the exposed concrete walls gives people a sense of tactility，while the incised concrete numbers give expression to the rational planning at a design level. The white resinemulsion paint at the upper part of the buildings gives the whole community a sense of suspension. The penchant for a machine aesthetics is especially expressed when a certain building turns red at the resident's emergency call. However，would it not at the same time cause nervousness among the residents of the whole community？ Living here，people would probably need to experience all sorts of vicissitudes of life yet still stay calm.