□ 文/陳麗冰

新型產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)成為北部灣發(fā)展主動(dòng)力

□ 文/陳麗冰

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，廣西只是利用地方資源發(fā)展產(chǎn)業(yè)方式，區(qū)位與產(chǎn)業(yè)之間存在錯(cuò)配現(xiàn)象。但廣西是沿海延邊的開(kāi)放地區(qū)，區(qū)位價(jià)值的發(fā)揮應(yīng)該成為產(chǎn)業(yè)布局與發(fā)展的重要影響因素。

在此背景下，廣西大學(xué)商學(xué)院經(jīng)濟(jì)研究中心副主任、博士生導(dǎo)師張林教授認(rèn)為，廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)應(yīng)該借助當(dāng)前深化改革的“東風(fēng)”，重點(diǎn)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)內(nèi)的南寧高新技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)、欽州保稅港區(qū)、中馬欽州產(chǎn)業(yè)園等特色園區(qū)，并著重發(fā)展出口加工導(dǎo)向型產(chǎn)業(yè)、物流產(chǎn)業(yè)、海洋產(chǎn)業(yè)以及戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)等新型產(chǎn)業(yè)，使其成為北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的發(fā)展主動(dòng)力。

轉(zhuǎn)型增長(zhǎng)模式，吸引外來(lái)投資

“目前，廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式還是投資驅(qū)動(dòng)型模式，即政策引導(dǎo)投資，在交通、信息等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施改進(jìn)和石油化工等重工業(yè)方面取得了重大的進(jìn)步。不過(guò)，未來(lái)的增長(zhǎng)模式是創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)模式，通過(guò)依賴(lài)知識(shí)密集型經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展獲得高附加值。”張林教授說(shuō)。

近年來(lái)，廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)經(jīng)過(guò)多年的加快建設(shè)，進(jìn)入了全面開(kāi)放開(kāi)發(fā)的新階段，但與中國(guó)東部發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)相比，依然存在經(jīng)濟(jì)總量偏小、產(chǎn)業(yè)和城市豐滿(mǎn)度低、以及體制機(jī)制創(chuàng)新滯后等問(wèn)題。

因此，張林教授認(rèn)為，在開(kāi)放而動(dòng)態(tài)的市場(chǎng)中，廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)發(fā)展需要對(duì)內(nèi)開(kāi)放和對(duì)外開(kāi)放相結(jié)合，由外延式增長(zhǎng)向內(nèi)涵式增長(zhǎng)模式轉(zhuǎn)變，且隨著北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)新門(mén)戶(hù)新樞紐區(qū)位價(jià)值的迅速增長(zhǎng)，廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)在硬件基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)取得卓越成效時(shí)，還應(yīng)在“一帶一路”的戰(zhàn)略背景下將區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)轉(zhuǎn)化為經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。通過(guò)按照市場(chǎng)機(jī)制來(lái)配置資源，降低在北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)投資或者經(jīng)由北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的運(yùn)輸成本，以此吸引外來(lái)投資者前來(lái)投資，從而刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng)。

“圍繞人的創(chuàng)造力展開(kāi)知識(shí)密集型經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)布局規(guī)劃，提高北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)服務(wù)能力、提升經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行效率以降低時(shí)間成本是未來(lái)北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)發(fā)展的必由之路，而這需要政府按照市場(chǎng)規(guī)律進(jìn)行制度設(shè)置和深化改革?！睆埩纸淌谡f(shuō)。

提升產(chǎn)業(yè)專(zhuān)業(yè)化，帶動(dòng)跨越發(fā)展

重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)是產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集的主平臺(tái)，也是廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)升級(jí)發(fā)展的主力軍。2008年，廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的生產(chǎn)總值僅為2219.7億元人民幣，而到了2014年則增長(zhǎng)到5448.21億元人民幣。實(shí)現(xiàn)這一變化，其中重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)功不可沒(méi)。因此，未來(lái)北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)如要獲得持續(xù)快速發(fā)展，還需要以重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)為支撐，根據(jù)區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)發(fā)展重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)，使經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)模式實(shí)現(xiàn)完美蛻變。

當(dāng)前，廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)有包括南寧高新技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)、中馬欽州產(chǎn)業(yè)園、北海工業(yè)園等在內(nèi)的29個(gè)重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)，并吸引了中石化、中石油、富士康、印尼金光等多家著名大型跨國(guó)企業(yè)落戶(hù)投資，使其成為國(guó)內(nèi)外產(chǎn)業(yè)的新聚集地和投資“洼地”。

不過(guò)，在這一競(jìng)相發(fā)展過(guò)程中，不可避免地出現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)同構(gòu)現(xiàn)象，影響了區(qū)域整體綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和區(qū)域?qū)ν飧?jìng)爭(zhēng)力。在此背景下，廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)將“實(shí)行重大產(chǎn)業(yè)布局負(fù)面清單管理模式，促進(jìn)園區(qū)錯(cuò)位發(fā)展，形成‘一園一特色’”作為重點(diǎn)方向之一進(jìn)行深化改革，以進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化和提升產(chǎn)業(yè)布局，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的跨越式發(fā)展。

對(duì)此，張林教授認(rèn)為，專(zhuān)業(yè)化是衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量的重要指標(biāo)，園區(qū)特色是專(zhuān)業(yè)化的重要表現(xiàn)，而錯(cuò)位發(fā)展則是地區(qū)之間專(zhuān)業(yè)分工合作的重要表現(xiàn)，符合現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展潮流。目前廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)專(zhuān)業(yè)化程度較低，需要大力強(qiáng)化產(chǎn)業(yè)專(zhuān)業(yè)化建設(shè)。各園區(qū)要圍繞特定產(chǎn)業(yè)強(qiáng)化產(chǎn)業(yè)專(zhuān)業(yè)化建設(shè)，而且產(chǎn)業(yè)專(zhuān)業(yè)化需要三級(jí)跳：第一，形成產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模專(zhuān)業(yè)化，在全國(guó)具有規(guī)模比較優(yōu)勢(shì)；第二，形成產(chǎn)業(yè)人力資源專(zhuān)業(yè)化，在全國(guó)具有人力資源比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，第三，形成產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新專(zhuān)業(yè)化，在全國(guó)具有創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)先地位。

此外，他還表示，廣西的區(qū)位與產(chǎn)業(yè)之間也存在錯(cuò)配現(xiàn)象，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)只是利用地方資源發(fā)展產(chǎn)業(yè)方式。但廣西是沿海延邊的開(kāi)放地區(qū)，區(qū)位價(jià)值的發(fā)揮應(yīng)該成為產(chǎn)業(yè)布局與發(fā)展的重要影響因素。因此，廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的各重點(diǎn)園區(qū)應(yīng)該大力強(qiáng)化出口加工導(dǎo)向型產(chǎn)業(yè)、臨海型工業(yè)、大型裝備制造業(yè)、物流產(chǎn)業(yè)、海洋產(chǎn)業(yè)、戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，為建立“資源、產(chǎn)品兩頭在外”型經(jīng)濟(jì)體系做貢獻(xiàn)，這也是促進(jìn)廣西產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型、嵌入全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要步驟。

發(fā)揮海洋優(yōu)勢(shì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)完美蛻變

廣西北部灣擁有大陸海岸線(xiàn)1595公里，海洋生物、礦產(chǎn)資源豐富，是中國(guó)著名的四大熱帶漁場(chǎng)之一。當(dāng)前，又值2015中國(guó)—東盟海洋合作年，這對(duì)正在努力推動(dòng)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)的北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō)無(wú)疑是趕上了一個(gè)好時(shí)機(jī)，發(fā)展海洋產(chǎn)業(yè)恰逢其時(shí)。

具有得天獨(dú)厚優(yōu)勢(shì)的北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)應(yīng)以海洋、港口、航運(yùn)等方面的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展為依托，大力發(fā)展海產(chǎn)品加工業(yè)、海洋養(yǎng)殖業(yè)等優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)，同時(shí)發(fā)揮北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)面向東盟的平臺(tái)優(yōu)勢(shì)，促進(jìn)企業(yè)走出去。

“2015年是中國(guó)—東盟海洋合作年，廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)不僅可以借此機(jī)會(huì)擴(kuò)大海產(chǎn)品、油氣資源的進(jìn)出口份額，促進(jìn)相應(yīng)的海洋加工產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，同時(shí)這也是廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)漁業(yè)養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)業(yè)走出去的最佳時(shí)機(jī)，以充分利用東盟各國(guó)的沿海海域和灘涂進(jìn)行養(yǎng)殖，實(shí)現(xiàn)珍珠、海產(chǎn)品等海洋產(chǎn)業(yè)走出去戰(zhàn)略?！睆埩纸淌谡f(shuō)。

在他看來(lái)，北部灣海域水質(zhì)優(yōu)良，海洋資源豐富，擁有優(yōu)質(zhì)的漁業(yè)資源和巨大的油氣資源。而且，目前北欽防三市已經(jīng)具備了相應(yīng)規(guī)模的漁業(yè)、珍珠、油氣等海洋產(chǎn)業(yè)，并具有較大的市場(chǎng)規(guī)模，品牌效應(yīng)良好。在此背景下，擁有廣闊海域和豐富海洋資源的北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)應(yīng)乘風(fēng)發(fā)力，謀求新一輪的經(jīng)濟(jì)騰飛。

2008年，廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的生產(chǎn)總值僅為2219.7億元人民幣

2014年，廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)到5448.21億元人民幣。

For a long time, Guangxi’s industrial development only relies on local resources, and there is a mismatch between its location advantage and industries. As a coastal and border area, Guangxi should depend on its location value to facilitate its industrial distribution and development.

In such a context, Professor Zhang Lin, Deputy Director of the Economic Research Center of the School of Business at Guangxi University believed that, the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone (BGEZ) should take the opportunity of the current in-depth reform, lay emphasis on its featured industrial parks including Nanning Hi-tech Industrial Development

Zone, Qinzhou Free Trade Port Area and China-Malaysia (Qinzhou) Industrial Park, and focus on its export processing industries, logistics industries, marine industries and strategic emerging industries, trying to make them the main impetus for the development of the BGEZ.

Transfer Growth Modes to Attract Foreign Investment

“At present, the economic development in the BGEZ is investmentdriven, i.e., policy-led investment. Significant progress has been made in transportation and information construction, as well as petrochemical engineering. In the future, the BGEZ would rely on knowledge-intensive economy to obtain high addedvalue, and the growth mode would be innovation-led”, said Mr. Zhang Lin.

In recent years, the BGEZ has entered a new stage of overall opening-up after years of accelerated construction. However, compared with China’s developed regions in the east, the BGEZ still lags behind them in economic aggregate, industrial and city development, as well as system and mechanism innovation.

In this connection, Mr. Zhang Lin believed, in an open and dynamic market, the BGEZ needs to combine the inward and outward opening-up, shift from extensional growth to connotative growth.

In addition, in the strategic context of “One Belt and One Road”, the BGEZ should transfer its location value to economic benefits when hardware infrastructure construction has achieved marked effects. It should reduce the costs to invest there via market-based distribution of resources, so as to attract investment and stimulate the further growth of economy. “What the BGEZ must do in the future is to focus on creativity to develop knowledge-intensive economy and raise its service ability and economic operation effi ciency, which requires the government to lay out relevant systems and carry out in-depth reforms based on market discipline”, said Mr. Zhang.

Elevate Industrial Professionalization and Realize Leaping Development

Key industrial parks are the main platforms for industry agglomeration and the main force for the upgrading of BGEZ. In 2008, the gross output value of BGEZ was only 221.97 billion yuan; while in 2014, the number reached 544.821 billion yuan. This change could be attributed to those key industrial parks. Hence, if the BGEZ wants to maintain such rapid development, it needs to focus on major industrial parks, and develop its key industries by utilizing its location advantages, so as to make a perfect transformation in economic growth.

Currently, the BGEZ houses 29 key industrial parks including Nanning Hitech Industrial Development Zone, China-Malaysia (Qinzhou) Industrial Park and Beihai Industrial Park has attracted several large-scale transnational enterprises such as Sinopec, PetroChina, Foxconn and Sinar Mas Group, making itself the new gathering place of industries at home and abroad.

In 2008, the gross output value of BGEZ was only 221.97 billion yuan;

While in 2014, the number reached 544.821 billion yuan. This change could be attributed to those key industrial parks.

However, in such a competition process, industrial isomorphism is inevitable, which has affected the region’s overall comprehensive economic strength and external competitiveness. Against such background, the BGEZ will implement negative list in the planning of major industries to promote the diversified development of industrial parks and form their own features, so as to further optimize and upgrade industrial distribution and realize leaping development in economy.

With regard to this, Mr. Zhang Lin believed that professionalization is an important indicator to measure economic development, which is manifested by the unique features of industrial parks. And the diversifi ed development displays the cooperation and division of labor among diff erent areas, which confi rms to the development of modern economy. Now, industries in the BGEZ have a low level of professionalization. Industrial parks in the region should focus on specifi c industries to strengthen industrial professionalization via three progressive steps: fi rst, to achieve professionalization in industrial scale and form a comparative advantage nationwide; second, to realize professionalization in human resources and form a comparative advantage nationwide; third, to form professionalization in industrial innovation so as to take a lead nationwide.

In addition, Mr. Zhang claimed, there is a mismatch between Guangxi’s location advantage and its industries. For a long time, Guangxi’s industrial development only relies on local resources. As a coastal and border area, Guangxi should depend on its location value to facilitate its industrial distribution and development. Therefore, major industrial parks in the BGEZ must strengthen their export processing industries, sea-bordering industries, large-scale equipment manufacturing industries, logistics industries, marine industries and strategic emerging industries, contributing to establishing an economic system featured by “having both resources and products on the world market”. This is also an important step to promote industrial transformation in Guangxi and help its industries to enter into world economy.

Utilize Maritime Advantages to Realize Transformation

With a coastline of 1,595 km, the Beibu Gulf abounds in marine organisms and mineral resources, being one of the four famous tropical fisheries in China. As 2015 is designated as the Year of China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation, it is the right time for BGEZ to develop its maritime economy.

The BGEZ, with god-given advantages, should rely on ocean, port and shipping industries, strive to develop sea products processing industries and marine aquaculture industries, and make use of the BGEZ, the ASEAN-oriented platform, to encourage enterprises to go global.

“2015 is the Year of China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation. The BGEZ could take this opportunity to expand its imports and exports of marine products as well as oil and gas resources, and promote relevant processing industries. At the same time, it could make full use of the sea areas of the ASEAN countries and help its marine industries like pearl and sea products industries go global”, said Mr. Zhang Lin.

In his opinion, the Beibu Gulf, with high quality water and rich marine resources, enjoys superior fishery resources and huge oil and gas resources. Now, Beihai, Qinzhou and Fangchenggang possess well-developed fishery, pearl, as well as oil and gas industries, which boast comparatively large markets and good brand eff ects. In such a context, the BGEZ should seize the opportunity and pursue a new round of economic take-off .

New Industries Should be the Main Impetus for the Development of Beibu Gulf

written by Chen Libing / translated by Gao Qianqian