吳思思,朱珊珊,史艷秋,3Δ
(1.山東大學(xué) 藥學(xué)院,山東 濟(jì)南 250100;2.山東省醫(yī)學(xué)影像學(xué)研究所,山東 濟(jì)南 250100;3.山東大學(xué)新藥評(píng)價(jià)中心,山東 濟(jì)南 250100)
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拉米夫定治療B/C基因型乙肝病毒療效及其相關(guān)性的Meta分析
吳思思1,2,朱珊珊1,史艷秋1,3Δ
(1.山東大學(xué) 藥學(xué)院,山東 濟(jì)南 250100;2.山東省醫(yī)學(xué)影像學(xué)研究所,山東 濟(jì)南 250100;3.山東大學(xué)新藥評(píng)價(jià)中心,山東 濟(jì)南 250100)
目的 采用Meta分析評(píng)價(jià)拉米夫定治療B/C基因型乙肝病毒的療效及其相關(guān)性。方法 檢索CNKI(1966~2013); Medline(1966~2013)、Pubmed(1966~2013)、Web of Science (1966~2013)中的RCT論文,按照方案設(shè)計(jì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行篩選。最終所得文獻(xiàn)使用Revman 5.0等軟件進(jìn)行Meta分析。結(jié)果 得19篇RCT研究文獻(xiàn),共涉及被試者3148人。其中,10篇文獻(xiàn)(n=1860)為HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)陰研究;9篇文獻(xiàn)(n=1288)為HBeAg清除研究。應(yīng)用拉米夫定后,HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)陰研究的總體RR為1.07(95%CI:0.98~1.17);HBeAg清除可見(jiàn)于B基因型組,總體RR為1.27(95%CI:0.94~1.71)結(jié)論 拉米夫定治療HBV的療效與HBV屬于B或C基因型無(wú)關(guān)。需要通過(guò)進(jìn)一步研究證明其中的作用機(jī)制。有必要進(jìn)行大規(guī)模、多中心試驗(yàn)研究,評(píng)估不同基因型HBV對(duì)病程和抗病毒治療療效的影響。
乙型肝炎;拉米夫定;Meta分析;B基因型乙肝病毒;C基因型乙肝病毒
乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)是臨床中肝硬化和肝細(xì)胞癌的主要誘因之一[1]。已有研究表明,抗病毒療法應(yīng)用于不同基因型的HBV,療效也有著很大差異[2-3]。當(dāng)使用干擾素治療時(shí),療效差異最為顯著。拉米夫定是一種強(qiáng)效的HBV逆轉(zhuǎn)錄抑制劑,能夠降低血清中HBV脫氧核苷酸(HBV-DNA)的含量,提高乙肝患者的乙肝e抗原(HBeAg)血清轉(zhuǎn)換率。就該藥治療B基因型HBV與C基因型HBV的療效差異而言,多篇文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,觀察服用拉米夫定治療HBeAg陽(yáng)性肝炎的患者(100mg/d)1年后,發(fā)現(xiàn)其針對(duì)2種基因型的HBV無(wú)療效差異[4-7]。這些結(jié)果并非是結(jié)論性的,且尚未納入最近一個(gè)時(shí)期的相關(guān)報(bào)道。目前關(guān)于拉米夫定治療不同基因型HBV的療效數(shù)據(jù)并不十分明晰。因此,本文擬整合相關(guān)文章,進(jìn)行Meta分析,以期發(fā)現(xiàn)拉米夫定治療B基因型HBV與C基因型HBV的療效差異及相關(guān)性。
1.1 文獻(xiàn)檢索策略 檢索拉米夫定治療B基因型HBV與C基因型HBV的療效的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)。文獻(xiàn)的來(lái)源包括:CNKI(1966~2013); Medline(1966~2013)、Pubmed(1966~2013)、Web of Science(1966~2013)。中文庫(kù)檢索詞為:“B基因型”或“C基因型”和“拉米夫定”和“HbeAg清除”和“DNA轉(zhuǎn)陰”。英文庫(kù)檢索詞為:“genotype B”或“genotype”“LAM”和“HBeAg clearance”和“DNA conversion of negative”。并根據(jù)檢索到的文獻(xiàn)的參考文獻(xiàn),進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行檢索。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 文獻(xiàn)納入、排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):中、英文文獻(xiàn)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下:①上述4個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中提供全文下載文獻(xiàn);②隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)(RCT);③受試者為慢性乙型肝炎患者,且接受的干預(yù)為拉米夫定100 mg/d,持續(xù)48周,期間未接受其他干預(yù)措施;④報(bào)道的數(shù)據(jù)足夠用于估計(jì)95%置信區(qū)間(CI)的相對(duì)危險(xiǎn)度(RR)。
1.2.2 中、英文文獻(xiàn)的排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①受試者為急性肝炎患者;②受試者為同一作者較大規(guī)模研究中的受試對(duì)象的子集;③研究數(shù)據(jù)不明確、研究數(shù)據(jù)自相矛盾的情況;④受試者接受拉米夫定治療<48周。
最終納入研究19項(xiàng)(報(bào)道16篇),其中9項(xiàng)研究設(shè)計(jì)B基因型乙肝病毒、C基因型HBV與HBeAg清除的關(guān)系[8-16];10篇涉及B基因型乙肝病毒、C基因型HBV的DNA轉(zhuǎn)陰情況[17-26]。
1.2.3 評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):治療24周結(jié)束,對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)療效的主要終點(diǎn)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行評(píng)估,包括HBeAg血清轉(zhuǎn)換(即HBeAg的下降與抗Hbe抗體的出現(xiàn));HBV DNA拷貝數(shù)是否被控制在100 000/mL以下。治療24周結(jié)束,對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)療效的次要終點(diǎn)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行評(píng)估,包括綜合療效(HBeAg血清轉(zhuǎn)換、丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶水平、HBV DNA拷貝數(shù)是否被控制在100 000/mL以下)、HBeAg血清轉(zhuǎn)換、組織學(xué)應(yīng)答(Knodell肝組織學(xué)活性積分較治療前下降至少2分)。
1.2.4 數(shù)據(jù)整理:提取、整理文獻(xiàn)中的如下數(shù)據(jù):作者姓名、出版時(shí)間、期刊名稱、樣本量、HBeAG情況(陰性/陽(yáng)性)、血清HBVDNA含量(拷貝數(shù)/mL)、HBV基因型。HBV DNA拷貝數(shù)的數(shù)值均轉(zhuǎn)換為對(duì)數(shù)形式表達(dá)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 使用Revman 5.0及Stata 9進(jìn)行Meta分析。用固定效應(yīng)模型或隨機(jī)相應(yīng)模型分析拉米夫定對(duì)B基因型HBV和C基因型HBV的療效的關(guān)聯(lián)強(qiáng)度。I2用以衡量多個(gè)研究結(jié)果間異質(zhì)程度的大小[24]。若研究結(jié)果無(wú)異質(zhì)性,則采用固定效應(yīng)模型(fixed effect model)進(jìn)行Meta分析;若研究結(jié)果有異質(zhì)性,則采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型(random effect model)進(jìn)行Meta分析。采用Begg漏斗圖對(duì)小規(guī)模研究效應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析。采用Begg-Mazumdar法計(jì)算秩相關(guān)和加權(quán)回歸分析的P值[26]。本文中,對(duì)于HBeAg清除(t=0.18,P=0.861)和DNA轉(zhuǎn)陰(t=2.28,P=0.052)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),雙側(cè)P<0.05則判斷研究結(jié)果有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 納入研究結(jié)果 共檢索到相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)332篇,用納入、排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)篩選后,最終得19篇RCT研究文獻(xiàn)。共涉及被試者3148人(列入本研究的拉米夫定治療組)(見(jiàn)圖1)。19篇文獻(xiàn)(2篇為中文文獻(xiàn)[11-12],17篇為英文文獻(xiàn)[8-10,13-26])均記錄了明確的納入、排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。其中,10篇文獻(xiàn)(n=1860)為HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)陰研究;9篇文獻(xiàn)(n=1288)為HBeAg清除研究。見(jiàn)表1、表2。
圖1 HBV DNA 轉(zhuǎn)陰與基因型B/C乙肝病毒的關(guān)聯(lián)Fig.1 Forest plot for the associations of genotype B/C and HBV DNA conversion of negativeto lamivudine therapy 表1 Meta分析中納入的HBV DNA文獻(xiàn)特征描述Tab.1 Characteristics of HBV DNA included in meta-analysis
作者發(fā)表年份患者數(shù)患者年齡(歲)男性(%)基因型(B/C)HBVDNA(對(duì)數(shù)拷貝數(shù)/mL)Lu等[17]20087132±9.08310/617.7±0.8Li等[18]201117935.4±10.380113/669.4±1.3Orito等[19]20066741.5±12.26733/3410.7±1.1Zou等[11]20074132.1±19.6856/355.8±1.2Song等[12]2005413——53/360—Bonin等[20]200710637.6±10.68249/578.9±1.1Lau等[21]200523531.6±9.79173/16210.1±2.0Kobayash等[22]200648745.1±13.18638/4497.2±0.0Suzuki等[22]201322446.3±12.1—21/2039.1±1.6Zhou等[23]201337——16/218.3±1.2
表2 Meta分析中納入的HBeAg清除文獻(xiàn)特征描述
2.2 HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)陰研究 通過(guò)χ2和I2檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)所有納入分析的文獻(xiàn)的異質(zhì)性,結(jié)果表明各研究間異質(zhì)性差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)陰研究的總體RR為1.07(95%CI:0.98~1.17),見(jiàn)圖1。HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)陰與B、C基因型病毒的關(guān)聯(lián)的Begg漏斗圖見(jiàn)圖2,其中RR為橫坐標(biāo),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤(SE)為縱坐標(biāo)。加權(quán)回歸分析結(jié)果未發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表偏倚(P=0.052)??傮w分析未見(jiàn)異質(zhì)性(I2=0,P=0.46)。
圖2 HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)陰與B/C基因型病毒的關(guān)聯(lián)的Begg漏斗圖Fig.2 Begg’s funnel plots for the associations of genotype B/C and HBV DNA conversion of negative to observational therapy
2.3 肝炎HBeAg抗原清除研究 通過(guò)χ2和I2檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)所有納入分析的文獻(xiàn)的異質(zhì)性,結(jié)果表明各研究間異質(zhì)性差異有一定統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(I2=54%,P=3)。9篇納入分析的文獻(xiàn)中,HBeAg清除可見(jiàn)于B基因型組,總體RR為1.27(95%CI:0.94~1.71),見(jiàn)圖3。HBeAg清除與B、C基因型病毒的關(guān)聯(lián)的Begg漏斗圖見(jiàn)圖4,其中RR為橫坐標(biāo),SE為縱坐標(biāo)。加權(quán)回歸分析結(jié)果未發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表偏倚(P=0.861)。
圖3 HBeAg轉(zhuǎn)換與基因型B/C乙肝病毒的關(guān)聯(lián)Fig. 3 Forest plot for the associations of genotype B/C and HBeAg clearance to lamivudine therapy
圖4 HBeAg清除與B/C基因型病毒的關(guān)聯(lián)的Begg漏斗圖Fig.4 Begg’s funnel plots for the associations of genotype B/C and HBeAg clearance to observational therapy
慢性HBV感染是肝炎病毒、肝細(xì)胞、免疫應(yīng)答3者之間的動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程[27-29]。研究表明,HBV共有8種基因型(A~H),不同地區(qū)和不同民族基因型分布不同,而且不同基因型其HBV的傳播方式、臨床疾病譜、預(yù)后判斷、疫苗預(yù)防及抗病毒治療選擇等都有差異,甚至同一HBV基因型的不同亞型在毒力和臨床表現(xiàn)上也有區(qū)別。因此,近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外掀起了HBV基因型分型研究的熱潮[2-3]。其中,B、C是亞裔人口最常見(jiàn)的基因型?,F(xiàn)階段研究表明,C基因型病毒最常見(jiàn)于嚴(yán)重肝病、肝細(xì)胞癌;B基因型病毒往往在急性肝炎中有著更快的HBeAg血清轉(zhuǎn)換率[30-32]。目前已經(jīng)正式,病毒基因型可以作為慢性丙型肝炎的療效預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo),但其是否能用以預(yù)測(cè)HBV的療效,尚不明確。目前尚無(wú)關(guān)于拉米夫定對(duì)B、C基因型肝炎病毒療效的系統(tǒng)綜述發(fā)表。
本次Meta分析納入的文獻(xiàn)中,慢性HBV患者全部接受拉米夫定100 mg/d治療,持續(xù)48周,期間不接受任何其他治療。各研究中,治療前ALT水平在正常范圍(≤50 IU/L)內(nèi)的患者均予以剔除。所有患者均有6個(gè)月以上的HBsAg陽(yáng)性史,且丙型肝炎、抗艾滋病病毒陰性。所有患者均接受過(guò)超聲或CT掃描,以明確排除代償性肝硬化或肝細(xì)胞癌的可能。
根據(jù)意向治療(intent-to-treat,ITT)原則對(duì)患者的有效率進(jìn)行評(píng)估。評(píng)估納入分析的1288名慢性HBV患者在接受拉米夫定治療后的HBeAg清除情況,以觀察拉米夫定對(duì)基因型B和基因型C肝炎病毒的療效區(qū)別。本次Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,基因型B組的患者出現(xiàn)了HBeAg清除,總體RR為1.27(95%CI:0.94-1.71)。
另外,本次Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)過(guò)52周治療,基因型B與基因型C乙肝病毒的HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)陰情況無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,總體RR為1.07(95%CI:0.98~11.7)。這一結(jié)果與以往其他研究的結(jié)果相同[19-23,35-37]。研究并未發(fā)現(xiàn)拉米夫定治療后的HBV DNA轉(zhuǎn)陰與B或C基因型病毒有相關(guān)性。
綜上所述,Meta分析表明,拉米夫定治療HBV的療效與HBV屬于B或C基因型無(wú)關(guān)(療效評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo):HBeAg血清轉(zhuǎn)換、HBVDNA轉(zhuǎn)陰)。需要通過(guò)進(jìn)一步研究證明其中的作用機(jī)制。有必要進(jìn)行大規(guī)模、多中心試驗(yàn)研究,評(píng)估不同基因型HBV對(duì)病程和抗病毒療效的影響。
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(編校:王冬梅)
HBV genotype B/C and response to lamivudine therapy: a systematic review
WU Si-si1,2, ZHU Shan-shan1, SHI Yan-qiu1,3Δ
(1.College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinnan 250100, China; 2.Shandong Medical Imaging Researching Institute, Jinan250100,China; 3.Center for New Drug Evaluation of Shandong University, Jinan250100, China)
ObjectiveTo perform a meta-analysis on the association of of genotype B/C and HBV DNA conversion of negative or HBeAg clearance to lamivudine therapy.MethodsSeveral databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and CNKI Database) were searched from 1966 to 2012 for all publications on the association between genotype B/C and response to LAM therapy.The articles were selected according to the protocol previously designed. Meta analysis using Revman 5 software.ResultsFinally, 19 RCTs were retrieved involving 3148 patients for the subsequent meta-analysis. Among them, 10 articles (n=1860) look at HBV DNA and 9 (n=1288) at HbeAg clearance.For HBV DNA conversion of negative, the overall RR (95% CI) associated with genotype B/C was 1.07(0.98-1.17)。Of the nine analyzed trials, HBeAg clearance was observed in genotype B group as compared with that genotype C group, the overall RR (95% CI) was 1.27 (0.94-1.71).ConclusionMeta-analysis indicates that genotype B/C is not associated with response to LAM therapy. Further mechanism researches are required to clarify. Large-scale population studies in multicountries are also necessary to evaluate the influence of HBV genotypes in hepatitis B progression and antiviral treatment.
hepatitis B; lamivudine; meta-analysis; genotype B virus; genotype C virus
吳思思,女,碩士在讀,主管藥師,研究方向:藥理學(xué)及醫(yī)院藥學(xué),E-mail:1544002@qq.com; 史艷秋,通信作者,女,博士,副教授,研究方向:藥理學(xué),E-mail:shiyq@sdu.edu.cn。
R575.1
A
1005-1678(2015)10-0178-05