張巧麗,過偉,張理義,趙林,范惠民,鐘愛芳,牛威,戴運(yùn)華,孫欣羊,盧正斌,陳升東,宋紅濤
·臨床研究·
抑郁癥患者藥物治療前后單核細(xì)胞中microRNA表達(dá)水平變化與抑郁癥狀的關(guān)系
張巧麗,過偉,張理義,趙林,范惠民,鐘愛芳,牛威,戴運(yùn)華,孫欣羊,盧正斌,陳升東,宋紅濤
目的探討抑郁癥患者藥物治療前后單核細(xì)胞中microRNA(miRNA)的表達(dá)水平與抑郁癥狀的關(guān)系。方法納入2012年8月-2013年10月解放軍102醫(yī)院收治的81例未經(jīng)藥物治療、符合DSM-Ⅳ診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的抑郁癥患者作為病例組,納入同期81例正常人作為對(duì)照組。抽取3例患者和3例正常人,采用基因芯片篩查出26種miRNA,然后以實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR技術(shù)檢測(cè)兩組單核細(xì)胞中9種miRNA(miR-146b、miR-1972、miR-26b、miR-29b、miR-338、miR-4485、miR-4498、miR-4743和miR-874)的表達(dá)水平。選取病例組中20例患者,分別在用藥前和用藥(包括文拉法辛、舍曲林、米氮平等)6周后檢測(cè)miRNA表達(dá)水平,并采用漢密頓抑郁量表(HAMD)和臨床療效總評(píng)量表(CGI)對(duì)治療前及治療6周后的臨床癥狀及療效進(jìn)行評(píng)估。結(jié)果與對(duì)照組比較,病例組單核細(xì)胞中5種miRNA(miR-26b、miR-4743、miR-4498、miR-4485、miR-1972)表達(dá)上調(diào),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)??挂钟羲幹委熐昂?,ΔmiRNA-1972、ΔmiRNA-4485、ΔmiRNA-4498、ΔmiRNA-4743與阻滯因子的改善程度呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),ΔmiRNA-26b與日夜變化因子的改善程度呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05)。Logistic回歸分析顯示,miRNA-4485能解釋阻滯因子變異量的28.8%(P<0.05)。結(jié)論抑郁癥患者單核細(xì)胞中miR-26b、miR-4743、miR-4498、miR-4485和miR-1972可能作為反映抑郁癥轉(zhuǎn)歸的生物標(biāo)記物。
抑郁癥;微RNAs;生物學(xué)標(biāo)記
抑郁癥是一種慢性情緒障礙,影響著世界上近3億人口,其終生患病率高達(dá)19%[1-2]。雖然目前導(dǎo)致抑郁癥的確切分子和細(xì)胞機(jī)制尚不清楚,但有研究證實(shí),近50%的抑郁癥罹患風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與基因因素相關(guān)[3]。既往研究指出,抑郁癥可能是因突觸可塑性受損致使大腦無法恰當(dāng)?shù)剡m應(yīng)環(huán)境所致[4-5]。此外,還有證據(jù)顯示抑郁癥與學(xué)習(xí)和記憶功能受損相關(guān)[6-7]。非編碼小分子RNA又被稱為microRNA (miRNA),是一類長(zhǎng)度在22nt左右,能調(diào)控編碼區(qū)蛋白表達(dá)水平的內(nèi)源性小分子RNA[8]。有研究認(rèn)為:miRNA對(duì)大腦的發(fā)育和功能調(diào)節(jié)具有重要作用[9],而一些miRNA的表達(dá)水平會(huì)隨著大腦皮質(zhì)的發(fā)育而不斷改變[10]。miRNA不僅參與神經(jīng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)[11-12],還與突觸可塑性有關(guān)[13]。Schratt等[14]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),miRNA在突觸部位的產(chǎn)物可能受到二乙基溴乙酰胺的控制,且可能與鈣蛋白酶依賴作用相關(guān)。由此可見,miRNA在抑郁癥患者單核細(xì)胞中的差異性表達(dá)可能與抑郁癥的發(fā)病機(jī)制密切相關(guān)。Maussion等[15]在一項(xiàng)包括38例自殺者和18例對(duì)照的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),兩種miRNA在完成自殺的人群中表達(dá)上調(diào)。Smalheiser等[16]認(rèn)為,在抑郁癥患者中應(yīng)激可能是調(diào)節(jié)miRNA表達(dá)的最相關(guān)的因素。這些研究表明,miRNA可能不僅與抑郁癥的病理生理相關(guān),而且與抑郁癥的某些癥狀也具有很高的相關(guān)性,但相關(guān)的證據(jù)較少,且主要是通過對(duì)具有某些典型特征(例如自殺行為)的患者的研究獲得。目前,我國(guó)抑郁癥的診斷依據(jù)主要來源于癥狀學(xué),而抑郁癥患者單核細(xì)胞中miRNA的表達(dá)水平與其抑郁癥狀的相關(guān)性國(guó)內(nèi)外報(bào)道均較少。本研究試圖通過對(duì)漢密頓抑制量表(HAMD)總分及各因子分與miRNA的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行分析,尋找miRNA與抑郁癥不同癥狀相關(guān)的證據(jù),以期探索不同miRNA對(duì)抑郁癥病理生理機(jī)制的作用。
1.1 研究對(duì)象 以2012年8月-2013年10月解放軍102醫(yī)院門診以及精神病科連續(xù)收治的81例患者作為病例組。入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合美國(guó)精神疾病診斷和統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊(cè)第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)抑郁癥診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);②首發(fā)患者或入組前3個(gè)月內(nèi)未服抗抑郁藥物;③年齡15~68歲。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①患有其他精神疾?。虎诨加心X外傷等軀體或神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾??;③有酗酒或藥物濫用史;④入組前1個(gè)月內(nèi)有輸血史;⑤入組前3個(gè)月內(nèi)使用過無抽搐電休克治療(MECT)者。81例患者中男33例,女48例,年齡33.62±15.17(15~56)歲。納入解放軍102醫(yī)院的工作人員、體檢人員、大學(xué)生群體及社區(qū)群眾共81例作為對(duì)照組。入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①無精神疾病家族史;②近1個(gè)月內(nèi)無重大創(chuàng)傷事件;③近1個(gè)月內(nèi)無輸血史。81例對(duì)照均為漢族,其中男30例,女51例,年齡32.59±14.79(15~68)歲,與病例組一般情況的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。本研究獲得醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有受試者或受試家屬(監(jiān)護(hù)人)均簽署知情同意書。
1.2 量表評(píng)估 在用藥前及用藥6周后由3名精神科主治醫(yī)師或心理醫(yī)生使用漢密頓抑郁量表(HAMD)和臨床療效總評(píng)量表(CGI)對(duì)病例組受試者進(jìn)行評(píng)定。評(píng)定前,所有參與研究人員進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一培訓(xùn),統(tǒng)一方法學(xué),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化施測(cè)過程。其中HAMD使用總分和各因子分統(tǒng)計(jì),CGI使用療效總評(píng)分(global improvement,GI)統(tǒng)計(jì)。
HAMD是臨床上評(píng)定抑郁狀態(tài)最常用的量表[17],含7個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)因子:①焦慮/軀體化;②體重;③認(rèn)知障礙;④日夜變化;⑤阻滯;⑥睡眠障礙;⑦絕望感。本量表經(jīng)中國(guó)本土化并經(jīng)信、效度檢驗(yàn)后,可用于中國(guó)人群[18]。
CGI最先由WHO設(shè)計(jì),用于評(píng)定臨床療效,可適用于任何精神科治療和研究對(duì)象[19]。本量表經(jīng)中國(guó)本土化并經(jīng)信、效度檢驗(yàn),可用于中國(guó)人群[20]。以CGI量表中GI分值作為評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將“顯著進(jìn)步”和“進(jìn)步”歸為高效組(基本治愈),將“稍進(jìn)步”和“無變化”歸為低效組(未愈)。
1.3 基因芯片篩查、總RNA抽提及熒光定量PCR檢測(cè) 基因芯片篩查:應(yīng)用Affymetrix miRNA 3.0芯片,取抑郁癥患者3例、正常對(duì)照3例共6個(gè)樣本進(jìn)行預(yù)檢測(cè)和分析。樣品總RNA利用NanoDrop ND-2100(Thermo Scientific)定量并經(jīng)Agilent 2100(Agilent Technologies)檢測(cè)RNA完整性。RNA質(zhì)檢合格后,樣本的標(biāo)記、芯片的雜交以及洗脫參照芯片標(biāo)準(zhǔn)流程進(jìn)行操作。首先,總RNA經(jīng)過Ploly A加尾,再進(jìn)一步用生物素標(biāo)記。標(biāo)記好的RNA與芯片雜交,經(jīng)洗滌和染色后利用Affymetrix Scanner 3000(Affymetrix)掃描得到原始圖像。數(shù)據(jù)分析:將原始數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入Expression Console軟件(Version 1.3.1,Affymetix),利用RMA的方法進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化后得到的結(jié)果,包含原始信號(hào)值、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化信號(hào)值、檢出情況以及詳細(xì)的注釋信息。在篩選差異miRNA之前,先進(jìn)行探針過濾,選擇至少有一個(gè)樣品標(biāo)記為“Detected”的探針保留用于后續(xù)篩選?!癉etected”在病例組及對(duì)照組均被標(biāo)記兩次及以上則表明存在生物學(xué)重復(fù),此時(shí)利用t檢驗(yàn)的P值和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化信號(hào)值的差異倍數(shù)(Fold change)進(jìn)行篩選,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為Fold change≥2.0且P≤0.05。對(duì)于無生物學(xué)重復(fù)者,僅利用Fold change值進(jìn)行篩選,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為Fold change≥2.0??俁NA抽提主要試劑和耗材、主要儀器以及熒光定量PCR參照文獻(xiàn)[21]進(jìn)行。
1.4 藥物干預(yù) 在81例患者中,隨機(jī)選取20例進(jìn)行臨床藥物干預(yù)及隨訪觀察,每日給予口服文拉法辛(Venlafaxine,150~225mg)、米氮平(Mirtazapine,22.5~45mg)和舍曲林(Sertraline,50~150mg)治療。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SDS 2.4和Data Assist V3.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)讀取和分析,在剔除掉不合格樣本后選擇RNU48為內(nèi)參進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,將抑郁癥各用藥組與正常對(duì)照組進(jìn)行miRNA差異表達(dá)分析。全部數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。使用Wilcoxon秩和檢驗(yàn)、Pearson相關(guān)分析、logistic回歸分析探究miRNA表達(dá)水平與抑郁癥狀的關(guān)系。所有統(tǒng)計(jì)分析均為雙側(cè)顯著性檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 抑郁癥患者基因芯片篩查結(jié)果 通過基因芯片篩查,發(fā)現(xiàn)26種成熟miRNA在病例組和對(duì)照組間存在差異表達(dá),其中5種在病例組中上調(diào),21種在病例組中下調(diào)。結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn),選取其中9種miRNA進(jìn)行后續(xù)定量PCR驗(yàn)證。
2.2 藥物治療前兩組單核細(xì)胞中miRNA表達(dá)水平的比較 Wilcoxon秩和檢驗(yàn)顯示,在選取的9種miRNA中,有5種(miR-26b、miR-4743、miR-4498、miR-4485、miR-1972)在病例組治療前單核細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)水平與對(duì)照組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),且病例組ΔCt值的中位數(shù)均小于正常對(duì)照組(表1)。
表1 病例組藥物治療前與對(duì)照組miRNA表達(dá)水平比較(ΔCt中位數(shù))Tab.1 Comparison of miRNA expression levels between case group and control group before treatment (ΔCt median)
2.3 不同療效組藥物治療前后單核細(xì)胞中miRNA表達(dá)水平的比較 抗抑郁藥物治療6周后,高效組共有14例,低效組共有6例。取治療前和治療6周后各癥狀群及量表總分的差值,用于衡量治療前后各癥狀的改善程度。取治療前和治療6周后各miRNA表達(dá)水平的差值(ΔmiRNA),用于衡量治療前后各miRNA表達(dá)水平的變化。采用兩相關(guān)樣本的秩和檢驗(yàn),比較高效組和低效組miRNA表達(dá)水平差值,結(jié)果顯示:抗抑郁藥物治療6周后,高效組單核細(xì)胞中miRNA表達(dá)水平高于治療前,其中miRNA-1972和miRNA-4498表達(dá)水平的差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);低效組單核細(xì)胞中miRNA表達(dá)水平與治療前相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,表2)。
表2 不同療效組藥物治療前后單核細(xì)胞中miRNA表達(dá)水平變化(±s)Tab.2 Comparison of the miRNA level between groups with different curative effect before and after antidepressants treatment (±s)
表2 不同療效組藥物治療前后單核細(xì)胞中miRNA表達(dá)水平變化(±s)Tab.2 Comparison of the miRNA level between groups with different curative effect before and after antidepressants treatment (±s)
(n=14) Z P Lower group(n=6) Z PΔmiRNA-1972 1.86±3.29 –1.977 0.048 0.08±4.01–0.314 0.753 ΔmiRNA-26b 0.41±2.55 –0.408 0.683–0.17±3.19–0.314 0.753 ΔmiRNA-4485 1.56±3.32 –1.664 0.096 0.08±3.73–0.105 0.917 ΔmiRNA-4498 2.20±3.45 –2.040 0.041–0.26±2.30–0.314 0.753 ΔmiRNA-4743 2.35±4.62 –1.664 0.096–0.23±2.89–0.105 0.917 ΔmiRNA Higher group
2.4 抗抑郁治療前后miRNA的變化與HAMD總分、各因子分及GI的相關(guān)性分析 將HAMD總分、各因子分的改變程度及GI得分與ΔmiRNA行Pearson相關(guān)分析,結(jié)果顯示:ΔmiRNA-1972、ΔmiRNA-4485、ΔmiRNA-4498、ΔmiRNA-4743與阻滯因子的改善程度呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),ΔmiRNA-26b與日夜變化因子的改善程度呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05),ΔmiRNA與GI無顯著相關(guān)(P>0.05,表3)。
2.5 ΔmiRNA對(duì)部分抑郁癥狀群變化影響的logistic回歸分析 以ΔmiRNA為自變量,以阻滯因子和日夜變化因子的療效作為二分類變量,進(jìn)行l(wèi)ogistic回歸分析。兩因子的療效以減分率(Δ阻滯因子得分/0周阻滯因子得分)來評(píng)價(jià)。阻滯因子、日夜變化因子的減分率<0.5作為低療效,>0.5作為高療效。結(jié)果顯示,ΔmiRNA-4498進(jìn)入以阻滯因子為二分類變量的回歸方程,能解釋阻滯癥狀群改善程度的28.8%,偏回歸系數(shù)為0.438,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤為0.209(P<0.05);以日夜變化因子的療效為二分類變量的logistic回歸分析結(jié)果無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
表3 ΔmiRNA與HAMD總分、各因子分及GI的相關(guān)性分析(r值)Tab.3 Correlation of miRNA expression alteration and HAMD and GI score changes before and after antidepressants treatment (r)
大量研究表明miRNA在大腦中存在表達(dá)[22],并可調(diào)節(jié)大腦中基因水平的差異性表達(dá)[23]。Xu等[24]通過檢驗(yàn)重度抑郁癥患者外周血及對(duì)死亡患者大腦灰質(zhì)進(jìn)行尸檢,發(fā)現(xiàn)大量miRNA的表達(dá)。Fan等[25]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNA與重度抑郁癥的發(fā)病機(jī)制相關(guān)。由此可認(rèn)為,某些miRNA的異常表達(dá)在重度抑郁癥病理生理學(xué)中具有潛在的意義。Kosik[26]和Dwivedi[27]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在情感障礙尤其是抑郁癥患者可檢測(cè)到miRNA顯著表達(dá)。
有證據(jù)表明,miRNA在抑郁癥分子信號(hào)肽中具有重要作用[28],且可能與抑郁癥狀有關(guān)。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),治療6周后患者單核細(xì)胞中miRNA-1972、miRNA-4485、miRNA-4498、miRNA-4743表達(dá)水平的變化與其阻滯癥狀的改善程度呈正相關(guān),即miRNA-1972、miRNA-4485、miRNA-4498、miRNA-4743表達(dá)水平越低,阻滯癥狀越嚴(yán)重。Logistic回歸分析表明,miRNA-4498表達(dá)水平改變與阻滯癥狀群的改善程度有顯著的線性關(guān)系,抑郁癥患者單核細(xì)胞中miRNA-4498的表達(dá)水平可預(yù)測(cè)患者28.8%的阻滯癥狀群。miRNA-4498由Jima等[29]于2010年首次報(bào)道。目前,miRNA-1972、miRNA-4485、miRNA-4498、miRNA-4743與疾病關(guān)系的相關(guān)研究尚少。此外,本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),miRNA-26b表達(dá)水平的變化與日夜變化癥狀改善程度呈負(fù)相關(guān),即miRNA-26b表達(dá)水平越高,抑郁癥患者日夜變化癥狀就越嚴(yán)重,這也與抑郁癥的臨床特征相符。Absalon等[30]對(duì)阿爾茨海默病患者的大腦進(jìn)行尸檢,病理學(xué)檢查結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),從發(fā)病早期開始,其miRNA-26b表達(dá)水平即顯著上升。該研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),miRNA-266的異常表達(dá)可引起tau-蛋白磷酸化,從而導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞凋亡,但目前miRNA-26b的表達(dá)與抑郁癥的相關(guān)研究尚少。
目前抑郁癥的藥物治療主要包括選擇性5-HT回收抑制劑(SSRI)、5-HT和去甲腎上腺素雙重回收抑制劑(SNRI)、去甲腎上腺素和特異性5-HT能藥物(NaSSA)[31]。有研究顯示,某些藥物可影響miRNA表達(dá)水平,在長(zhǎng)期應(yīng)用鋰鹽和2-丙戊酸鈉藥物治療后,海馬組織中miRNA的表達(dá)發(fā)生改變,并發(fā)現(xiàn)鋰鹽治療組中37種miRNA出現(xiàn)差異性表達(dá),2-丙戊酸鈉治療組中31種miRNA出現(xiàn)差異性表達(dá)[32]。本研究中使用的抗抑郁藥物文拉法辛、米氮平和舍曲林分別為SNRI、NaSSA及SSRI。相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示,miRNA-1972、miRNA-4485、miRNA-4498、miRNA-4743、miRNA-26b與臨床療效總評(píng)分(GI)并無顯著相關(guān)性。Mouillet-Richard等[33]對(duì)抗抑郁藥物調(diào)節(jié)路徑進(jìn)行研究發(fā)現(xiàn),miRNA的抗抑郁藥物調(diào)控作用可能與miRNA基因水平差異性表達(dá)或與處于不同成熟期有關(guān)。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,抑郁癥患者使用艾司西酞普蘭治療12周后,其單核細(xì)胞中miRNA共30種miRNA的表達(dá)水平發(fā)現(xiàn)改變,其中28種miRNA表達(dá)上調(diào),包括本研究中的miRNA-26b,另外2種miRNA顯著下調(diào),但不包括本研究中其他4種miRNA[32]。
綜上所述,抑郁癥患者單核細(xì)胞內(nèi)miRNA表達(dá)水平的異常與抑郁癥的發(fā)病有明顯關(guān)聯(lián),miRNA-1972、miRNA-4485、miRNA-4498、miRNA-474、miRNA-26b可能作為抑郁癥轉(zhuǎn)歸的生物標(biāo)記物,用于監(jiān)測(cè)疾病狀態(tài),預(yù)測(cè)療效和預(yù)后,但其具體作用機(jī)制有待進(jìn)一步研究。
[1] Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M,et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010[J]. Lancet, 2012, 380(9859): 2163-2196.
[2] Andrade L, Caraveo-Anduaga JJ, Berglund P,et al. The epidemiology of major depressive episodes: results from the International Consortium of Psychiatric Epidemiology (ICPE) Surveys[J]. Int JMethodsPsychiatr Res, 2003, 12(1): 3-21.
[3] Fava M, Kendler KS. Major depressive disorder[J]. Neuron, 2000, 28(2): 335-341.
[4] Duman RS, Malberg J, Nakagawa S,et al. Neuronal plasticity and survival in mood disorders[J]. Biol Psychiatr, 2000, 48(8): 732-739.
[5] Fossati P, Radtchenko A, Boyer P. Neuroplasticity: from MRI to depressive symptoms[J]. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 2004, 14(5): 503-510.
[6] Horan WP, Pogge DL, Borgaro SR,et al. Learning and memory in adolescent psychiatric inpatients with major depression: a normative study of the California Verbal Learning Test[J]. Arch Clin Neuropsychol, 1997, 12(6): 575-584.
[7] Bearden CE, Glahn DC, Monkul ES,et al. Patterns of memory impairment in bipolar disorder and unipolar major depression[J]. Psychiatr Res, 2006, 142(2-3): 139-150.
[8] Lee RC, Feinbaum RL, Ambros V,et al. The C. Elegansheterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14[J]. Cell, 1993, 75(5): 843-854.
[9] Natalie JB, Murray JC. MiRNA dysregulation inschizophrenia[J]. Neurobiol Dis, 2012, 46(2): 263-271.
[10] Miska EA, Alvarez-Saavedra E, Townsend M,et al. Microarray analysis of miRNA expression in the developing mammalian brain[J]. Genome Biol, 2004, 5(9): R68.
[11] Cheng HY, Papp JW, Varlamova O,et al. MiRNA modulation of circadian-clock period and entrainment[J]. Neuron, 2007, 54(5): 813-829.
[12] Sun XY, Song HT, Zhao L,et al. Effects of antipsychotics on microRNA expression of peripheral blood in schizophrenia patients[J]. Med J Chin PLA, 2014, 39(12): 969-974. [孫欣羊,宋紅濤, 趙林, 等. 精神分裂癥患者外周血microRNA表達(dá)水平在抗精神病藥物治療前后的變化[J]. 解放軍醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2014, 39(12): 969-974.]
[13] Schratt GM, Tuebing F, Nigh EA,et al. A brain specific miRNA regulates dendritic spine development[J]. Nature, 2006, 439(7074): 283-289.
[14] Schratt G. MicroRNAs at the synapse[J]. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2009, 10(12): 842-849.
[15] Maussion G, Yang J, Yerko V,et al. Regulation of a truncated form of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) by Hsa-miR-185* in frontal cortex of suicide completers[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(6): e39301.
[16] Smalheiser NR, Luqli G, Rizavi HS,et al. MicroRNA expression is down-regulated and reorganized in prefrontal cortex of depressed suicide subjects[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(3): e33201.
[17] Hamilton M. Development of arating scale for primary depressive illness[J]. Br J Soc Clin Psychol, 1967, 6(4): 278-296.
[18] Zhang ZJ. Scale manual of behavioral medicine[M]. Beijing: Chinese Medicine Electronic Audiovisual Press, 2005. 77-485. [張作記. 行為醫(yī)學(xué)量表手冊(cè)[M]. 北京: 中華醫(yī)學(xué)電子音像出版社, 2005. 77-485.]
[19] Guy W. ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology[M]. Rockville MD: U.S. National Institute of Health, Psychopharmacology Research Branch, 1976. 218-221.
[20] Wu WY. Clinical global impression (CGI)[J]. Shanghai Archi Psychiatr, 1984, 2(1): 76-77. [吳文源. 臨床療效總評(píng)量表(CGI)[J]. 上海精神醫(yī)學(xué), 1984, 2(1): 76-77.]
[21] Sun XY, Song HT, Zhao L,et al. A case-control study of aberrant expression of microRNA in schizophrenia patients[J]. Chin J Behav Med Brain Sci, 2013, 22(12): 1095-1098. [孫欣羊, 宋紅濤, 趙林, 等. 精神分裂癥患者單核細(xì)胞MicroRNA異常表達(dá)的對(duì)照研究[J]. 中華行為醫(yī)學(xué)與腦科學(xué)雜志, 2013, 22(12): 1095-1098.]
[22] Sempere LF, Freemantle S, Pitha-Rowe I,et al. Expression profiling of mammalian microRNAs uncovers a subset of brainexpressed microRNAs with possible roles in murine and human neuronal differentiation[J]. Genome Biol, 2004, 5(3): R13.
[23] Krichevsky AM, King KS, Donahue CP,et al. A microRNA array reveals extensive regulation of microRNAs during brain development[J]. RNA, 2003, 9(10): 1274-1281.
[24] Xu Y, Liu H, Li F,et al. A polymorphism in the microRNA-30e precursor associated with major depressive disorder risk and P300 waveform[J]. J Affect Dis, 2010, 127(1-2): 332-336.
[25] Fan HM, Sun XY, Guo W,et al. Differential expression of microRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as specific biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder patients[J]. J Psychiatr Res, 2014, 59: 45-52.
[26] Kosik KS. The neuronal microRNA system[J]. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2006, 7(12): 911-920.
[27] Dwivedi Y. Evidence demonstrating role of microRNAs in the etiopathology of major depression[J]. J Chem Neuroanat, 2011, 42(2): 142-156.
[28] Hansen KF, Obrietan K. MicroRNA as therapeutic targets for treatment of depression[J]. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2013, 9: 1011-1021.
[29] Jima DD, Zhang J, Jacobs C,et al. Deep sequencing of the small RNA transcriptome of normal and malignant human B cells identifies hundreds of novel microRNAs[J]. Blood, 2010, 116(23): e118-e127.
[30] Absalon S, Kochanek DM, Raghavan V,et al. MiR-26b, upregulated in Alzheimer's disease, activates cell cycle entry, tauphosphorylation, and apoptosis in postmitotic neurons[J]. J Neurosci, 2013, 33(37): 14645-14659.
[31] Cao L, Zhang Y, Liu BC. Therapeutic effect of venlafaxine hydrochloride sustained tablet combined with electroacupuncture on the treatment of depression with somatic symptoms[J]. J Logist Univ PAPF (Med Sci), 2013, 22(9): 796-798. [曹雷, 張穎, 劉百川. 鹽酸文拉法辛緩釋片聯(lián)合電針治療抑郁癥伴軀體癥狀療效分析[J]. 武警后勤學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版), 2013, 22(9): 796-798.]
[32] Zhou R, Yuan P, Wang Y,et al. Evidence for selective microRNAs and their effectors as common long-term targets for the actions of mood stabilizers[J]. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2009, 34(6): 1395-1405.
[33] Mouillet-Richard S, Baudry A, Launay JM,et al. MicroRNAs and depression[J]. Neurobiol DisNeurobiol Dis, 2012, 46(2): 272-278.
[34] Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Maffioletti E, Bettinsoli P,et al. Blood microRNA changes in depressed patients during antidepressant treatment[J]. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, 2013, 23(7): 602-611.
Relationship between depressive symptoms and miRNA expression level in monocytes of patients with depression before and after antidepressant treatment
ZHANG Qiao-li1, GUO Wei2, ZHANG Li-yi2*, ZHAO Lin1, FAN Hui-min3, ZHONG Ai-fang2, NIU Wei2, DAI Yunhua4, SUN Xin-yang3, LU Zheng-bin4, CHEN Sheng-dong2, SONG Hong-tao51Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, China
2Mental Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center of PLA, 102 Hospital of PLA, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, China
3Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
4GoPath Laboratories, LLC, Illinois 60637, USA
5Department of Mental Health, Clinical Medicine College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
*Corresponding author, E-mail: zly102@126.com
This work was supported by the Grants for Medical Science, Technology Innovation (2012) of Nanjing Command (12MA002)
ObjectiveTo explore the correlation of depressive symptoms to the microRNA (miRNA) expression level in monocytes of patients with depression before and after antidepressant treatment.MethodsEighty-one patients with depression, admitted to the 102 Hospital of PLA from Aug. 2012 to Oct. 2013, having not
antidepressants treatment and meeting the criteria as listed in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 4th edition (DSM-IV), were selected as case group. Eighty-one normal individuals served as control group. With Affymetrix Expression Array, 26 miRNAs were identified from 3 individuals from each group as candidate miRNA, and among them 9 miRNAs (miR-146b, miR-1972, miR-26b, miR-29b, miR-338, miR-4485, miR-4498, miR-4743 and miR-874) in monocytes were selected for quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) assessment. Twenty patients from the case group were selected for the assessment of miRNA expression levels, and the clinicalsymptoms and treatment effect were evaluated using Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI), before and 6 weeks after antidepressant (venlafaxine, sertraline, mirtazapine, etc.) treatment.ResultsCompared with the control group, the expression levels of miRNA-26b, miRNA-4743, miRNA-4498, miRNA-4485 and miRNA-1972 of the case group were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05). The variance of expression level of miRNA-4743, miRNA-4498, miRNA-4485 and miRNA-1972 was respectively positively correlated with improvement in retardation factors (P<0.05), meanwhile the variance of expression level of miRNA-26b was negatively correlated with the improvement of day and night change factors (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the alteration of miRNA-4485 expression may account 28.8% of retardation variance (P<0.05).ConclusionThe miRNA-4743, miRNA-4498, miRNA-4485, miRNA-1972 and miRNA-26b in monocytes may serve as the biomarkers for the prognosis of depressive disorder.
depressive disorder; microRNAs; biological markers
R749.42
A
0577-7402(2015)02-0128-05
10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.02.08
2014-06-11;
2014-08-07)
(責(zé)任編輯:李恩江)
南京軍區(qū)2012年醫(yī)學(xué)科技創(chuàng)新課題(12MA002)
張巧麗,碩士研究生。主要從事精神病學(xué)與醫(yī)學(xué)心理學(xué)方面的研究
221003 江蘇徐州 徐州醫(yī)學(xué)院研究生學(xué)院精神衛(wèi)生系(張巧麗、趙林);213003 江蘇常州 解放軍102醫(yī)院全軍心理疾病防治中心(過偉、張理義、鐘愛芳、牛威、陳升東);200433 上海 第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院精神衛(wèi)生系(范惠民、孫欣羊);60637 GoPath Laboratories, LLC, Illinois, USA(戴運(yùn)華、盧正斌);212013 江蘇鎮(zhèn)江 江蘇大學(xué)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院精神衛(wèi)生系(宋紅濤)
張理義,E-mail:zly102@126.com