王海芳

【摘要】 語法填空是通過語篇在語境中考察語法知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力，，這一題型更注重對(duì)同學(xué)們英語知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的考查。下文就從例題出發(fā)，逐步揭開語法填空題的神秘面紗。

【關(guān)鍵詞】冠詞 代詞 介詞 連詞 固定搭配 副詞

首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定填哪類詞。然后，再根據(jù)句子的意思，確定具體填什么詞；或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個(gè)連詞。

1、句子缺主語或賓語時(shí)填代詞。

例1： -I want to hire a car， please. How much that cost？

_____ depends on the type of car you want and the amount of time you want it for.

解析：考察代詞。 本句缺少主語，根據(jù)語境，應(yīng)指花費(fèi)多少錢這事，故用it。

例2：The mother then had _______ idea.

解析：此處缺少冠詞，應(yīng)該填an。

2、在名詞或（形容詞+名詞）前，很可能填限定詞（即，冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞等）。

例1、 A young man， while traveling through a desert， came across a spring of clear water. ____ water was sweet.

解析：考察冠詞。 根據(jù)語境，特指上文中的a spring of clear water，故用the 特指。

例2、 Jim： How is your book coming？

Jean：Pretty well， I just have to talk about some details with the publishers about last chapter of _______book.

解析： 根據(jù)上文your book可知填my。

3、名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語或賓語時(shí)，前面一定是填介詞。

例1： In the earthquake， thousands of families were killed and many children were left __________ parents.

解析：根據(jù)句意，在地震中，使成千上萬的孩子沒了父母。故填without。

例2：The master arranged a match _______ the child and his coach to…

解析：固定搭配between… and…

4、限定詞后常跟名詞；修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或整個(gè)句子通常用副詞，其次還要注意動(dòng)副型短語。

例： Jim： Hello ，this is Smith speaking. I must see a docter， but I have a class this afternoon from 2：30 to 4：00 and I won't be able to teach it. So can you do me a ________？

解析： 根據(jù)句意及固定短語do somebody a favor，可知填favor.

5、如果該空在劇中并列連接兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)詞或短語，則用并列連詞。

若兩個(gè)句子（即兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，一定是填

并列連詞（連接并列的句子）或從屬連詞（連接定語從句、名詞性從句和狀語從句。

例1： Elias helped Nelson to blow up some government buildings. It was dangerous， _______ he was happy because he knew it was to achieve their dream of making black and white people equal.

解析：根據(jù)前后兩句之間的關(guān)系為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but.

例2：The school ________ Elias studied for only two years was three kilometers away.

解析：在句子The school was three kilometers away.中插入了句子Elias studied for only two years，而且中間沒有連詞，也沒有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，所以應(yīng)該填一個(gè)從屬連詞，由句意可知空格所在句子對(duì)The school 起修飾限定作用，故用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。

例3： ---- Would you like to go swimming with me ？

---- Id love to， but I dont know ________ I have time when I am back.

解析： 因?yàn)開_______ I have time when I am back.是動(dòng)詞know后面的賓語，而且從句不缺少成分，再根據(jù)句子意思，應(yīng)該用if。

6、若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，并且空格后的謂語動(dòng)詞是原形，特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時(shí)，則很可能是填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒樁的助動(dòng)詞（do， does， did 等）

例1： He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife ， but he _______ bring home a regular salary.

解析： 由前一分句的謂語動(dòng)詞Had 可知，后一分句的謂語動(dòng)詞bring 也應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)，可是，bring 卻用原形，與語境的時(shí)態(tài)不符，也與主語he不一致，而且該句也不是倒裝句，因此，此空必定填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的助動(dòng)詞did（的確）。

例2：

7、由特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。

（1） 由it is ...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，填it還是 that； so/such...that...， （n）either... （n）or等固定句式。

例1：His family was ______ poor that he has to leave school.

解析：通過句子意思以及固定結(jié)構(gòu)so...that... 可知填 so.

例2：It was only when I left my parents for Italy _______ I realized how much I loved them.

解析：句子如果去掉It was ...______ 仍然完整，所以是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，故填that。

（2） 由倒裝句式判斷，十天構(gòu)成倒裝條件的only， so， neither， nor， never， hardly， seldom， not until， had等，還是天do， does， did等。

例：Only when he returned yesterday， ______ his father tell him the truth， which was a big surprise to him.

解析：看到only +時(shí)間狀語放在句首，可知這是部分倒裝句，再有前面的yesterday 可判斷為一般過去時(shí)，故用did。

例2： The uneducated person， on the other hand ， either is unable to do it ， ______ does it badly ，....

解析：此處表示“或者”，還要想到either...or...搭配。

（3） it 虛指用法主要指it作形式主語或形式賓語及用以構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的用法。

例： We found _____ very difficult to communicate with her.

解析： 由句意可看出found 的賓語是后面的to communicate with her，所以空格處應(yīng)該是形式賓語，故填it。