周麗媚
在高考英語(yǔ)寫作中,連貫性是評(píng)判一篇文章的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。談到連貫性,大家可能馬上想到并列連詞或者從句引導(dǎo)詞,其實(shí)連接副詞使用得當(dāng)?shù)脑挘瑯涌梢允刮恼略錾?。連接副詞是指在句中充當(dāng)銜接手段的副詞。在目前高中英語(yǔ)寫作中,常見的連接副詞主要有以下六類:
1. 表示增補(bǔ)意義的連接副詞
如:besides,furthermore,moreover等,他們都含有“in addition to that”(而且、再者)的意思,指明是對(duì)前面已闡述過的觀點(diǎn)作進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明。
[例1]健康飲食的好處。
According to my personal experience, a healthy and well-balanced breakfast should consist of whole grains, eggs, and milk, fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, eggs and milk can also supply protein, and fruits and vegetables are good for healthy digestion as well. 根據(jù)我的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷,一頓健康、均衡的早餐應(yīng)該包括谷物、雞蛋、牛奶、水果和蔬菜。而且,雞蛋和牛奶還能夠提供蛋白質(zhì),水果和蔬菜有利于消化。
2. 表示列舉意義的連接副詞
如:firstly,secondly,lastly,next,finally等,這些詞主要用來(lái)對(duì)一系列的事項(xiàng)、觀點(diǎn)逐一進(jìn)行陳述。如果寫作要點(diǎn)要求考生羅列原因或列舉措施時(shí),這類副詞就可以使文章層次分明。
[例2]選擇理科的理由。
There are several reasons accounting for my choice of science. Firstly, science graduates are in greater demand than art ones in China. Secondly, the science major can help me achieve my childhood dream of becoming a scientist. Thirdly, my parents wish me to study science at college because they believe I will have a brighter future as a science student. 我選擇理科的理由有幾個(gè):首先,在中國(guó),理科畢業(yè)生的需求比文科畢業(yè)生大。其次,理科專業(yè)有助于我實(shí)現(xiàn)孩童時(shí)想成為科學(xué)家的夢(mèng)想。第三,父母希望我大學(xué)學(xué)理科,因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為理科生會(huì)有更好的前途。
3. 表示結(jié)果的連接副詞
如therefore,consequently,so,thus等,這些詞都含有“because of that”(因此)的意思,表示他們所在的句子或分句起著陳述上文結(jié)果的作用。
[例3]Every ordinary job plays a very important part in society. Therefore, we should attach great importance to all the ordinary jobs which are worth doing. 每種平凡的工作在社會(huì)中都起到重要作用。因此,我們要看重所有值得做的平凡工作。
[例4]I was busy preparing for an important exam then, so I chose to study at school that day.那時(shí)我正忙于準(zhǔn)備一場(chǎng)重要的考試,所以那天我選擇留校學(xué)習(xí)。
4. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連接副詞
這類副詞有however,nevertheless,still,yet等,都作“but”(可是、然而)解,可放在句首、句中或句末,通常用逗號(hào)與句子其他成分隔開。
[例5]If I were an animal in the wildlife park,I think I should have some private space and time to relax myself. However, I dont agree if it is announced illegal to take photos with animals.如果我是動(dòng)物園里的動(dòng)物,我認(rèn)為我要有一些私人的空間和時(shí)間來(lái)自我放松。然而,如果說(shuō)和動(dòng)物照相是違法的,我不同意。
[例6]Its a common thing for parents to do that. Nevertheless, psychologists and teachers are upset though the kids are happy. 父母這樣做是很普通的事情。然而,雖然孩子開心,但是心理學(xué)家和老師卻感到難過。
5. 表示時(shí)間過渡的連接副詞
如meanwhile,它具有“at the same time”(同時(shí))的意思。例如:
By doing that, not only can we enjoy the beautiful scenery but we can also relax ourselves. Meanwhile, we can ease our pressure and make our study more efficient.這樣做,我們不僅能欣賞美麗的風(fēng)景,而且可以放松自己。同時(shí),我們可以減壓,這樣就可以提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。
6. 表示推論的連接副詞
如otherwise,用作“if not”(否則)解,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)否定的條件分句。當(dāng)寫作要點(diǎn)要表達(dá)如果不按照前面的說(shuō)法來(lái)做會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么后果時(shí),otherwise就是很好的選擇。例如:
On one hand, you shouldnt eat too much fatty food or eat snacks before you sleep. Otherwise, you may gain weight or suffer from indigestion. 一方面,睡覺前不要吃太油膩的事物或零食。否則,你可能會(huì)增肥或消化不良。
(作者單位:廣東開平市長(zhǎng)師中學(xué))
責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青