龍國濤
同位語從句是用以解釋、說明復(fù)合句中某一名詞的句子,其先行詞多為fact, idea, news, question等,關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用連詞that,但也有疑問副詞how, why, when等引導(dǎo)的情況。如:
They were all worried about the fact that you were sick.
他們都很擔心你生病這一事實。
Have you any idea how soon the Smiths are returning from Korea?
你知道史密斯一家何時從韓國回來嗎?
My original question, why the blacks blew up the building, has not been answered.
我最初的問題——黑人為何炸掉那座建筑,還沒有人回答。
[ 同位語從句的特點]
1. 引導(dǎo)詞that在非正式文體中可省略。如:
His being polite to all persons left the impression he was a well-educated gentleman.
他對眾人的彬彬有禮給人留下他是位受過良好教育的君子的印象。
2. 同位語從句有時并不緊跟在它解釋說明的名詞之后。如:
The story went that Robin Hood had saved his beloved girl.
傳說羅賓漢已救下他心愛的女友。
News came from the CEO that William had been dismissed.
從首席執(zhí)行官那兒傳來消息,威廉已被解雇。
3. 在suggestion,advice,request,order等意為“建議;命令;要求”的名詞后,同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu),句中的should可以省略。如:
Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer.
老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。
The government gave the order that all these houses (should) be pulled down in three weeks.
政府下令三個星期內(nèi)所有這些房子都要拆掉。
4. 同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞除that外,通常還有whether,how,when,where等。如:
The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all.
我們女排贏得冠軍的消息鼓舞了我們所有人。
The government is not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.
政府不是在調(diào)查他是否可信這個問題。
They havent made the decision where they are going to spend their vacation.
他們還未決定去哪兒度假。
Its a question how we shall comfort her.
那是一個我們?nèi)绾伟参克膯栴}。
[ 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別]
1. 定語從句中的that既指代先行詞,也在從句中作某種成分(主語或賓語),而同位語從句中的that是連詞,只起連接主句與從句的作用,不在句中充當任何成分。如:
The sports news that is about Yao Ming often attracts more attention. (that作定語從句的主語,不可省略)
有關(guān)姚明的體育新聞常常吸引更多關(guān)注。
The news that I got on the CCTV was about Yao Ming. (that作定語從句中g(shù)ot的賓語,可省略)
我從中央電視臺得到的是有關(guān)姚明的新聞。
The news that Yao Ming joined the Rocket really excited the Chinese basketball fans. (that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,不可省略)
姚明加盟火箭隊的消息讓中國籃球迷們興奮不已。
2. 定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能是修飾先行詞,對先行詞加以限定,描述它的性質(zhì)或特征;同位語從句是名詞性的,其功能是對名詞進行具體內(nèi)容的補充說明。如:
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. (第一個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句,that在從句中作賓語;第二個that引導(dǎo)的是表語從句,在從句中不作任何成份)
他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. (同位語從句,補充說明該消息到底是什么)
湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。
3. 從內(nèi)涵而言,同位語從句所說明的名詞與從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系,而定語從句所限定的名詞可以是從句邏輯上的主語、賓語、表語、定語或狀語等。試比較:
The news that the physicist won the Nobel Prize is true. (同位語從句,news和從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系)
那位物理學家獲諾貝爾獎的消息是真的。
The news that the stranger told you is a rumor. (定語從句,news是told的邏輯賓語)
這個陌生人告訴你的消息是謠言。
The order where we should camp hasnt been given. (同位語從句,order與從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系)
我們在哪里宿營的命令還沒有下達。
The order that was given by the general has been carried out. (定語從句,order是was given的邏輯主語)
將軍發(fā)號的命令已被執(zhí)行。
[ 同位語從句正誤辨析]
1. 【誤】 Well discuss the problem that the sports meeting will be held in Beijing Stadium.
【正】 Well discuss the problem when the sports meeting will be held in Beijing Stadium.
我們將討論運動會何時在北京召開這個問題。
注意 ?如果用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句意義不完整,這時可根據(jù)情況選用whether, when等。
2. 【誤】They expressed the wish that she accepted the award.
【正】They expressed the wish that she (should) accept the award.
他們表達了對她接受這筆獎金的愿望。
注意 ?對wish的內(nèi)容作具體說明,從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣。