江偉東,朱 黎,廖國(guó)龍,曾志宇,劉志龍
(珠海市第二人民醫(yī)院泌尿外科,廣東 珠海 519020)
Periostin在腎細(xì)胞癌中的表達(dá)及其臨床意義
江偉東,朱 黎,廖國(guó)龍,曾志宇,劉志龍
(珠海市第二人民醫(yī)院泌尿外科,廣東 珠海 519020)
目的 研究骨細(xì)胞特異性因子2(Periostin)在腎細(xì)胞癌組織中的表達(dá),探討其與腎細(xì)胞癌臨床病理因素和預(yù)后的關(guān)系及意義。方法應(yīng)用Western blot和Real-time PCR檢測(cè)90例腎細(xì)胞癌組織及相對(duì)應(yīng)的癌旁腎臟組織中Periostin表達(dá)情況,并與臨床病理資料及預(yù)后進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。結(jié)果76.67%(69/90)的腎癌組織的Periostin表達(dá)高于相對(duì)應(yīng)的癌旁組織,65.56%(59/90)腎癌組織的Periostin mRNA表達(dá)高于相對(duì)應(yīng)的癌旁組織,腎細(xì)胞癌組織Periostin高表達(dá)與腫瘤大小、腎盂侵犯、癌栓、淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)(P<0.05),腎細(xì)胞癌組織Periostin高表達(dá)的患者術(shù)后生存時(shí)間顯著短于Periostin低表達(dá)者(P<0.01)。結(jié)論P(yáng)eriostin表達(dá)升高與腎細(xì)胞癌的增殖、轉(zhuǎn)移、浸潤(rùn)與生存時(shí)間密切相關(guān),Periostin可作為預(yù)測(cè)腎細(xì)胞癌轉(zhuǎn)移和判斷預(yù)后的指標(biāo)。
腎細(xì)胞癌;Periostin;轉(zhuǎn)移;預(yù)后
腎細(xì)胞癌是泌尿系統(tǒng)中惡性度較高的腫瘤,起源于腎實(shí)質(zhì)泌尿小管上皮系統(tǒng)的惡性腫瘤,占腎惡性腫瘤的80%~90%[1-2]。判斷腎細(xì)胞癌預(yù)后的主要依據(jù)是臨床分期和病理分級(jí),尋求敏感、早期預(yù)測(cè)腎細(xì)胞癌發(fā)生發(fā)展及預(yù)后的分子學(xué)標(biāo)記物尤為重要。骨細(xì)胞特異性因子2(Periostin)在多種腫瘤組織中存在過表達(dá),與多種腫瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[3]。本研究通過Western blot和Real-time PCR的方法檢測(cè)腎細(xì)胞癌組織和相對(duì)應(yīng)的癌旁腎臟組織中Periostin的蛋白以及mRNA表達(dá),以探討其與腎細(xì)胞癌臨床病理因素和預(yù)后的關(guān)系。
1.1 標(biāo)本來源 選用2004年12月至2010年1月手術(shù)切除臨床病理資料完整的腎細(xì)胞癌及相對(duì)應(yīng)的癌旁組織石蠟標(biāo)本90例。所有病例術(shù)前均未行放、化療。所有病例均重新切片,確認(rèn)其病理類型、組織學(xué)分級(jí)、包膜和腎盂浸潤(rùn)、有無腎靜脈癌栓及腎門淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移等。術(shù)后均隨訪5年以上,隨訪截止日期為2014年12月。
1.2 Western blot檢測(cè)Periostin 吸去培養(yǎng)基,以細(xì)胞裂解液RIPA 100 μl于冰上裂解細(xì)胞30 min,高速離心10 min,測(cè)定蛋白濃度。加上樣緩沖液,煮沸變性,經(jīng)過聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳(SDS-PAGE)、轉(zhuǎn)膜,10%BSA封閉1 h,加入兔抗人GAPDH和Periostin一抗(1:500),在4℃過夜孵育;辣根過氧化酶標(biāo)記的山羊抗兔二抗(1:5 000),在室溫下孵育1 h;ECL孵育3 min,顯色,以抗GAPDH作為內(nèi)參。
1.3 Real-time PCR檢測(cè)Periostin的mRNA表達(dá) (1)RNA提取:腎癌組織及腎癌旁組織均加入Trizol裂解液,經(jīng)研磨后,提取細(xì)胞總RNA。(2)逆轉(zhuǎn)錄:采用逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(Takara),所有操作按照試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行操作。(3)Real-time PCR:反應(yīng)體系采用20 μl體系,cDNA 1 μl,上下游引物共1 μl,2×SYBR Green染料10 μl,ROX 0.4 μl,水7.6 μl。反應(yīng)條件為95℃30 s,95℃5 s,60℃30 s,40個(gè)循環(huán)。用β-actin mRNA為內(nèi)參。引物序列如下:β-Actin引物:上游5'-CAGGATCGTTAAGGAGATTA-3',下游5'-CAGTC TCGCCAGGATAG-3';Periostin引物:上游5'-TGTCCC AAACTGGGACGATA-3',下游5'-GGATCTTTACGGA TGTCAGCA-3'。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 應(yīng)用SPSS19.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,計(jì)數(shù)資料組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),相關(guān)性檢驗(yàn)采用Pearson秩相關(guān)分析,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,行Log-rank檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 Periostin蛋白在腎癌組織及相對(duì)應(yīng)腎癌旁組織中的表達(dá) 76.7%(69/90)的腎癌組織的Periostin表達(dá)高于相對(duì)應(yīng)癌旁組織(χ2=19.521,P<0.0001),見圖1。
圖1 Periostin蛋白在腎癌及癌旁組織中的表達(dá)
2.2 PeriostinmRNA在腎癌組織及相對(duì)應(yīng)腎癌旁組織中的表達(dá) 65.56%(59/90)的腎癌組織的Periostin mRNA表達(dá)高于相對(duì)應(yīng)癌旁組織(χ2=17.780,P<0.0001),見圖2。
2.3 Periostin蛋白水平和mRNA水平的相關(guān)性 腎癌組織Periostin mRNA表達(dá)水平和Periostin蛋白表達(dá)的灰度值有顯著的相關(guān)性(r2=0.783,P<0.0001),見圖3。
2.4 Periostin在腎癌中表達(dá)與臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系 腎細(xì)胞癌組織Periostin高表達(dá)陽性率與患者性別、年齡、血尿比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),而與腫瘤大小、腎盂侵犯、癌栓、淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1。
2.5 Periostin在腎癌中表達(dá)與預(yù)后的關(guān)系 Periostin的表達(dá)水平與預(yù)后顯著相關(guān)(P<0.000 1),腎細(xì)胞癌組織Periostin高表達(dá)的患者預(yù)后差,見圖4。
圖2 Periostin mRNA在腎癌組織及相對(duì)應(yīng)腎癌旁組織中的表達(dá)
圖3 Periostin蛋白水平和mRNA水平的相關(guān)性
圖4 Periostin在腎癌中表達(dá)與預(yù)后的生存曲線
表1 Periostin的表達(dá)與腎細(xì)胞癌臨床病理因素的關(guān)系(例)
Periostin在多種惡性腫瘤組織中高表達(dá),包括乳腺癌、結(jié)腸癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、肺癌和肝癌等[4-7]。Periostin能促進(jìn)表皮生長(zhǎng)因子受體(EGFR)表達(dá)和激活A(yù)kt-FAK介導(dǎo)的信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)途徑,促進(jìn)血管形成,抵抗低氧環(huán)境下誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞死亡,促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲性、轉(zhuǎn)移能力[8-10];Periostin能夠誘導(dǎo)上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化,促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移和定植[11];此外,Periostin的C末端區(qū)域能與細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)相互作用,作用于細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)纖維生成,影響腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)[12]。Periostin本身屬于一種細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)分泌蛋白,可能通過改變細(xì)胞外基質(zhì),參與腫瘤微環(huán)境的變化,影響腫瘤的浸潤(rùn)性、侵襲性[13-14]。本研究顯示Periostin在腎癌組織中高表達(dá),提示腎癌細(xì)胞中Periostin的過表達(dá)可能促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)以及轉(zhuǎn)移。
本研究顯示Periostin mRNA和蛋白水平呈顯著相關(guān)性,說明Periostin的過表達(dá)主要是由Periostin mRNA的過表達(dá)所致,提示Periostin的過表達(dá)主要受轉(zhuǎn)錄水平的調(diào)控,而不是蛋白翻譯后的調(diào)控,開發(fā)特異性的針對(duì)結(jié)合Periostin基因啟動(dòng)子活性的特異性小分子藥物,可能是治療腎癌的一個(gè)新的方向。
本組資料顯示Periostin高表達(dá)陽性率與患者性別、年齡、血尿的差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,與腫瘤大小、腎盂侵犯、癌栓、淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移的差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,且與患者的預(yù)后生存相關(guān)。提示了Periostin的表達(dá)與腎細(xì)胞癌的生長(zhǎng)和轉(zhuǎn)移能力呈正相關(guān),Periostin的升高可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致腫瘤細(xì)胞侵襲力的增強(qiáng),從而促進(jìn)腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移浸潤(rùn)。Periostin作為一種分泌形式的蛋白,從血清檢測(cè)Periostin的水平,可能可以作為預(yù)測(cè)腎細(xì)胞癌轉(zhuǎn)移和預(yù)后的一個(gè)潛在指標(biāo)。
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Expression and clinical significance of Periostin in renal cell carcinoma.
JIANG Wei-dong,ZHU Li,LIAO Guo-long,ZENG Zhi-yu,LIU Zhi-long.Department of Urology,the Second People's Hospital of Zhuhai,Zhuhai 519020,Guangdong,CHINA
Objective To evaluate the mRNA and preotein levels of Periostin in renal cell carcinoma(RCC), and to analyze the relationships between its protein level and the clinical pathological features,prognosis of RCC.MethodsWestern blot and real-time PCR were applied to detect the expression levels of Periostin in 90 cases of RCC and the adjacent tissues.The correlations between expression of Periostin and pathological features,prognosis were analyzed.Results76.67%(69/90)and 65.56%(59/90)patients showed significant higher protein and mRNA levels in RCC than adjacent tissues,respectively.The abnormal expression of Periostin correlated with tumor size,renal pelvis invasion,tumor thrombus and lymph metastasis(P<0.05).Patients with elevated expression of Periostin in RCC had significantly shorter postoperative survival time than those with low expression of Periostin(P<0.01).ConclusionThe high expression of Periostin correlates with proliferation,invasion,metastasis and patient prognosis.Our results suggest that Periostin may be a potential marker for determining the degree of malignancy and prognosis.
Renal cell carcinoma;Periostin;Metastasis;Prognosis
R737.11
A
1003—6350(2015)11—1578—03
10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2015.11.0565
2015-01-02)
廣東省中醫(yī)藥局課題立項(xiàng)(編號(hào):20131049)
江偉東。E-mail:jweidong1965@126.com