費(fèi)寶麗 王平平 王浩榮 燕慶玲 李陽光

(1南京林業(yè)大學(xué)化學(xué)工程學(xué)院，南京210037)

(2南京大學(xué)配位化學(xué)國家重點實驗室，南京210093)

(3東北師范大學(xué)化學(xué)學(xué)院，長春130024)

一維鏈狀希夫堿銅配合物的高效光芬頓試劑活性

費(fèi)寶麗＊,1,2王平平1王浩榮1燕慶玲1李陽光3

(1南京林業(yè)大學(xué)化學(xué)工程學(xué)院，南京210037)

(2南京大學(xué)配位化學(xué)國家重點實驗室，南京210093)

(3東北師范大學(xué)化學(xué)學(xué)院，長春130024)

合成了2個希夫堿配合物[Cu(HL1)ClO4]n(1)和[Cu(HL2)NO3]n(2)(H2L1=N-[(2-oxy-acetate)benzyl]-2-amino ethanol,H2L2=N-salicylidene-3-amino propanol)，并將其在無酸化條件下用作甲基橙降解的光芬頓催化劑。1和2均為一維鏈狀結(jié)構(gòu)且銅為六配位的拉長八面體配位構(gòu)型。它們均具有優(yōu)秀的均相光芬頓試劑活性且1的光催化活性更優(yōu)秀。實驗結(jié)果表明，本研究中的配體結(jié)構(gòu)對銅配合物的光催化活性有影響。

希夫堿；銅配合物；光芬頓反應(yīng)；甲基橙

0 Introduction

Schiff base metal complexes have experienced booming development in the fields of bioinorganic chemistry,catalysis,magnetism and material chemistry[1-2],while their usage in relevance to environmental remediation was rare.Azo dye represents an important class of environmental water contaminationsdue to their toxicity and slow degradation[3].To avoid the dangerous accumulation of such dyeinthe environment,it is urgent to develop effective methods to degrade this type of pollutant to less harmful compounds or more desirable mineralization products.

Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)degrading organic compounds to less toxic molecules or even to CO2and H2O in perfect conditions,such as,Fenton (Fe2+/H2O2),photo-Fenton(Fe2+/H2O2/UV)and related reactions are considered as potentially convenient, economical and green ways for the remediation of dyecontaining industry effluents[4-5].However,the strict requirement for acidic conditions with a distinct optimum pH value range of 2.8～3.0 combined with theremovalofthesludgecontainingironions complicating the overall process and made Fenton and Photo-Fenton reactions uneconomical[6],because most organic wastewater has pH values ranging from 5 to 7[7-8].To solve this problem,catalysts based on other transition metal ions and organic ligands have been developed[9].This type of catalyst behaves similarly to Fentons reagents and the mixtures of these metal compounds with H2O2were defined as homogeneous Fenton-like reagents[5].The main advantage of such systems is the broad substrate specificity and the wide-working pH value range(pH 3～9)compared to the conventional Fenton catalyst[7-9].To the best of our knowledge,no report about 1D chains of copper(Ⅱ)Schiff base complexes as Fenton-like catalyst has appeared.So,we evaluated the catalytic behaves of two 1D chains of Cu(Ⅱ)Schiff base complexes in photo-Fenton-like reaction for methyl orange(MO) degradation.

1 Experimental

1.1 Materials and physical measurements

All chemicals were commercial available and used without further purification unless otherwise noted.O-oxy-acetatebenzaldehydewasprepared according to literature and characterized by IR,1H NMR,MS and C,H,N analysis[10].

1.2 Synthesis of the complexes

[Cu(HL1)ClO4]n(1):An absolute methanol solution (5mL)ofO-oxy-acetatebenzaldehyde(0.018g, 1 mmol)was added dropwise to a vigorously stirred solution of ethanolamine(0.062 g,1 mmol)in 5 mL absolutemethanolunderrefluxing.Theresulting yellow solution was refluxed for 6 h before cooling to room temperature.To this yellow H2L1solution,a solution of copper(Ⅱ)perchlorate(0.263 g,1 mmol)in 5 mL methanol/acetonitrile(1∶1,V/V)was added slowly under vigorously stirring.The resulting solution was stirred for 1 h at 30℃.Blue needle single crystals suitable for X-ray analysis were obtained on slow diffusion of ether into the solution after one week. Yield:11.74%.Anal.Calcd.for C44H48Cl4Cu4N4O32:C 34.30,H 3.14,N 3.64.Found:C 34.68,H 3.16,N 3.42.IR(KBr pellet,cm-1):3 432(br,s),1 658(s), 1 384(m),1 287(w),1 215(m),1 102(s),623(m), 524(w),406(m).

[Cu(HL2)NO3]n(2):Anabsolutemethanolic solution(5 mL)of salicylaldehyde(0.122 g,1 mmol) was added dropwise to a vigorously stirred solution of propanol amine(0.075 g,1mmol)in 5 mL absolute methanolunderrefluxing.Theresultingyellow solution was refluxed for 6 h before cooling to room temperature.To this yellow H2L2solution,a solution of copper(Ⅱ)nitrate(0.243 g,1 mmol)in 5 mL methanol wasaddedslowlyundervigorouslystirring.The resulting solution was stirred for 1 h at 30℃.Green block single crystals suitable for X-ray analysis were obtained on slow diffusion of ether into the solution after one week.Yield：42.94%.Anal.Calcd.for C10H11CuN2O5:C 39.67,H 3.66,N 9.25.Found:C 39.59,H 3.78,N 9.26.IR(KBr pellet,cm-1):3 433 (br,s),1 630(s),1 463(s),1 448(s),1 404(m),1 384 (m),1 278(s),1 210(m),546(w),435(m).

1.3 X-ray crystallography

The data were recorded on a Bruker SMART APEXⅡCCDarea-detectorwithgraphitemonochromated Mo Kα radiation(λ=0.071 073 nm for 1 and 2)at 293 K.Empirical absorption correction was applied.The structure of 1 and 2 were solved by direct methods of SHELXS-97 and refined by fullmatrix least-squares techniques using the SHELXL-97 program[11].All the non-hydrogen atoms were refinedanisotropically.Details of the crystallographic data and structure refinement parameters for complexes 1 and 2 are given in Table S1.

CCDC:996021,1;996020,2.

1.4 Phtotoreactor and light source

The reactor used in all experiments was a XPAVII type photochemical apparatus(Xujiang Machine Factory,Nanjing,China).A 300 W high pressure mercury lamp equipped with cool water circulating filter to absorb the near IR radiation was used as the UV light source.The lamp was always allowed to stabilize before use.

1.5 Evaluation of Photocatalytic Activity

Toevaluatethephoto-Fenton-likecatalytic behaviors of 1 and 2,MO was selected as model dye duetoitsenvironmentalsignificanceandnonbiodegradation.The photoreaction was carried out under the natural pH value of the catalyst/MO/H2O2system(around 6)unless otherwise noted.

Freshly prepared aqueous solutions of MO(20 μmol·L-1,250 mL)in the presence of 1(0.001 0 g)or 2(0.001 0 g)and H2O2(16 mmol·L-1)were magnetically stirred for 30 min in the dark.Then the solutions were started to photocatalytic degradation under aerated conditions at ambient temperature in the presence/absence of UV light irradiation.The solutions were magnetically stirred throughout the experiment.At given time intervals,3 mL aliquots were sampled and subsequently analyzed by TU-1901 UV-Visiblespectrophotometer(BeijingPurkinje General Instrument Co.,Ltd.)to record the temporal UV-Visible spectral variations of the dye.The MO concentrationwasdeterminedbymeasuringthe maximum absorbance at 465 nm as a function of irradiationtimeusingtheUV-Visible spectrophotometer.All the tests were carried out three times to ensure the reproducibility.

2 Results and discussion

2.1 Description of the structures

The complexes 1 and 2 crystallized in monoclinic space group P21/c and orthorhombic space group Pbca,withZ=1andZ=8,respectively.The coordination environment of each copper(Ⅱ)ion in 1 and 2 with the partial atomic numbering scheme is shown in Fig.1.Selected bond lengths and bond angles are given in Table S2(1)and Table S3(2).

Fig.1ORTEP views of coordination environment of copper(Ⅱ)ion in 1((a),top)and 2((b),top)with the ellipsoids drawn at the 30%probability level and ball-and-stick representations of 1((a),bottom)and 2((b),bottom)

As displayed in Fig.1(a),copper(Ⅱ)ion in 1 is six-coordinated by one imine nitrogen atom(N1)and five O atoms from one hydroxyl(O8),one deprotonatedphenolic hydroxyl(O1),one perchlorate(O7)and two carboxylates(O2andO3),respectively.The coordination geometry around Cu1 could be described as octahedron with N1-O1-O3-O8 as the basal plane (total bond angle at Cu1 in the basal plane is 359.40°),and O2 and O7 atoms on the axial sites. The octahedron of Cu1 can be described as a Jahn-Teller weakly distorted octahedral geometry,with a CuNO5 chromophore resulting from two short(dCu1-O3= 0.190 5(2)nm,dCu1-N1=0.191 2(3)nm),two long(dCu1-O2=0.240 6(2)nm,dCu1-O7=0.267 29(30)nm),and two intermediate(dCu1-O1=0.199 6(2)nm,dCu1-O8=0.197 2(2) nm)bond lengths(Table S2).The average basal dCu-O(0.219 0 nm)is much shorter than the average apical one(0.258 5 nm),which is expected for the Cu(Ⅱ)ion in an elongated octahedral environment.What′s more, each ligand links two Cu(Ⅱ)ions through carboxylic oxygen atoms generating a 1D chain(Fig.1(a)),The Cu…Cu separation within the chain is 0.619 93(7)nm.

Fig.1(b)showsthe ORTEP diagram ofthe coordination environment of copper(Ⅱ)ion in 2.Each copper(Ⅱ)ion coordinates with one H2L2ligand in its deprotanated form(HL2)and two nitrates.The copper(Ⅱ)ionexhibitsasix-coordinatedmotif;inthe equatorial plane,Cu1 is coordinated by one imine nitrogen atom(N1)and three O atoms from one deprotonated hydroxyl(O2),one phenolic hydroxyl (O1)and one nitrate(O7)(total bond angle at Cu1 in the basal plane is 344.34°),respectively.The apical positions are occupied by two oxygen atoms from two nitrateswithsignificantlylargeraxialdistances compared with the equatorial ones,which would be consistent with a very weak metal ion interaction due to the Jahn-Teller effect.The coordination environment around Cu1 can be described as a distorted octahedral geometry,with a CuNO5 chromophore resulting from two short(dCu1-O1=0.189 20(17)nm,dCu1-N1=0.194 3(2)nm), two long(dCu1-O4=2.647 6(18)nm,dCu1-O4A=0.251 95(17) nm),and two intermediate(dCu1-O2=0.197 71(18)nm, dCu1-O3=0.201 83(18)nm)bond lengths(Table S3).The average basal dCu-O(0.195 76 nm)is much shorter than theaverageapicalone(0.25835nm),whichisexpected for the Cu(Ⅱ)ion in an elongated octahedral environment.Two copper(Ⅱ)centers with the separation of 0.435 39(7)nm are jointed together through the bridging nitrate and extend into a 1D chain(Fig.1(b).

2.2 Kinetics of MO Degradation

The changes of MO concentration as a function ofreactiontimeunderdifferentconditionsare illustrated in Fig.2.It is observed that H2O2alone had no evident effect on the degradation.MO degraded very slowly under UV light illumination;whereas the reaction rate was evidently enhanced in the presence of H2O2and UV light together.It is noticed that the inorganic salts Cu(NO3)2and Cu(ClO4)2could be basically regarded as no use to the system of MO/UV/ H2O2.The best results came out with the combined effect of H2O2,catalyst(1 or 2)and UV light.A comparison of the different processes leads us to conclude that the involvement of catalyst 1 or 2 sharply improved the degradation efficiency;and 1 displayed better catalytic activity than 2 under the same concentration.The crystal structure analysis indicates that the coordination number of copper(II) ion is both six in 1 and 2;their structural differences are the coordinated anion and ligand.Thus,the difference in their catalytic ability was caused by the different coordinated ligands.It is noticed that the copper(Ⅱ)centers in 1 were bridged by the organic ligand,while the bridge of 2 is inorganic nitrate anion,thus 1 should has stronger stability.The stronger stability of 1 caused its stronger ability toactive H2O2to form the intermediate product[Cu+O2H (HL1)ClO4](See Supporting Information,Proposed reaction pathways section),which results in better catalytic ability.This result is consistent with Wus conclusion,i.e.,ligandstructureinfluencesthe stability constants of copper complexes and may result in different physiochemical properties[12].The present research tells us that different ligand could tune the catalytic activity of coordination complexes composed of the same metal ion to a certain degree.

Fig.2Degradation kinetics of MO in different reaction systems

Because the two complexes have similar structure (withaCuNO5chromophore)and1hasslight advantage,we just discussed the results of 1 in detail here,the relative data for 2 were provided in the Supporting Information.

2.3 UV-Vis spectra of MO during the photo-Fenton-like process

The temporal evolution of the spectral changes of MO for MO/UV/H2O2/1 system is displayed in Fig.3. In general,the UV-Vis spectra of MO solution showed two characteristic absorption peaks at 272 and 465 nm.The UV band at 272 nm was ascribed to the π→π*transition ofthearomaticringsintheMO molecule,whereas the band in the visible region(465 nm)was attributed to the conjugated structure formed by the azo bond under the strong influence of the electron-donating dimethylamino group[13].The rate of degradation was recorded with respect to the changes in intensity of absorption peak at 465 nm.

Fig.3Temporal absorption spectrum changes observed for the homogeneous photo-Fenton-like process catalyzed by 1

In the present study,the maximum absorption bandofMOinthevisibleregiondecreased dramatically to about zero in 3 min,with no new adsorption band appearing in the visible region.This indicates that the decolorization of the MO was rather complete.Andtheabsorptionpeakat272nm diminished all over the spectral window and no more specific peak can be detected under the current experimental condition.The disappearance of the absorption peaks corresponding to MO indicates that MO was degraded.

2.4 Mineralization studies

CompletedecolorizationofMOdoesnot necessary mean that it has been completely oxidized into CO2and H2O,that is mineralization,as reactive intermediates containing benzene rings can be formed during oxidation.Therefore,it is important to evaluate the mineralization of organic dye.The mineralization degree of MO was evaluated by monitoring the change in the total organic carbon(TOC)as shown in Fig.S12. The TOC analysis provides information on whether or not MO molecules are completely converted into CO2and H2O.TOC0referred to the TOC content of the initial MO solution and TOCtreferred to the TOC content of the reaction solution at reaction time t.Fig. S12 shows about 57%mineralization in 25 min was obtained,the removal of TOC achieved confirmed that the photodegradation of MO was accompanied by partial mineralization and the decolorization rate was much faster than mineralization rate.Such high TOC removal rate indicates that some benzene substituted intermediates and some ring-open up degradation products of benzene such as formic acid,acetic acid maybe both present in the final solution[14-15].Anyway, the results demonstrate that 1 have some advantage on photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants.

3 Conclusions

In conclusion,this report shows that the two 1D chains of copper(Ⅱ)Schiff base complexes(1 and 2) were excellent homogeneous photo-Fenton-like catalyst and the catalytic property has a close relationshipwith their structures,i.e.,the composition of the coordinated ligands.No acidification process is an importantadvantageofthereactions;becauseit overcame one major drawback of homogeneous Fenton process,i.e.the narrow acidic pH range which is unfavorableinpracticeduetothecostsof acidification during processing and neutralization after treatment.The present processes not only led to almost complete decolorization of MO in relatively short time(≈3 min)but also partially mineralized MO.The work represented the first example of 1D chains of copper(Ⅱ)Schiff base complexes acting as efficientphoto-Fenton-likecatalyst.These experimental results not only are encouraging but also enlighten a new clue to develop practical highly active photo-Fenton-like catalysts using under neutral pH condition.The existing system may be applicable to color removal for textile waste water.

Acknowledgements:The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry of Nanjing University,Nanjing Forestry University and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,College and University Graduate ResearchInnovationProjectofJiangsuProvince(No. CXLX13_517),and University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province(No.13KJB220006)

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1D Chains of Copper(Ⅱ)Schiff Base Complexes as Efficient Photo-Fenton-Like Catalysts

FEI Bao-Li＊,1,2WANG Ping-Ping1WANG Hao-Rong1YAN Qing-Ling1LI Yang-Guang3
(1College of Chemical Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)
(2State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry,Coordination Chemistry Institute,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)
(3Institute Functional Material Chemistry,Faculty of Chemistry,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

Two copper(Ⅱ)Schiff base complexes[Cu(HL1)ClO4]n(1)and[Cu(HL2)NO3]n(2)(H2L1=N-[(2-oxy-acetate) benzyl]-2-amino ethanol,H2L2=N-salicylidene-3-amino propanol)have been synthesized and explored as photo-Fenton-like catalysts for the degradation of methyl orange(MO)without acidification process.1 and 2 show 1D chain motifs and each copper(Ⅱ)ion is six-coordinated in elongated octahedral environment.They are the first 1D chains of copper(Ⅱ)Schiff base complexes with excellent photocatalytic performance.1 has advantages on catalyzing efficient MO degradation through homogeneous photo-Fenton-like reaction.The results indicate that the coordinated ligands have some effect on the photocatalytic activity of copper(Ⅱ)complexes in this study.CCDC: 996021,1;996020,2.

schiff base;copper(Ⅱ)complex;photo-fenton-like;methyl orange

614.121

A

1001-4861(2015)02-0399-06

10.11862/CJIC.2015.028

2014-09-19。收修改稿日期：2014-10-17。

江蘇省普通高校研究生科研創(chuàng)新計劃(No.CXLX13_517),江蘇省高校自然科學(xué)研究面上項目(No.13KJB220006),南京林業(yè)大學(xué)引進(jìn)高層次留學(xué)回國人員科研基金項目,南京大學(xué)配位化學(xué)重點實驗室開放基金項目和江蘇省高校優(yōu)勢學(xué)科建設(shè)工程資助項目(PAPD)資助。

＊通訊聯(lián)系人。E-mail：hgfbl@njfu.edu.cn