姜經(jīng)志
【分門(mén)別類(lèi)關(guān)】
1. 真實(shí)條件句。
指含有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用連詞if(如果),unless(除非)等引導(dǎo),從句的位置可在主句之前,也可在主句之后;從句在主句之前時(shí),常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。例如:
If its fine tomorrow, well go for an outing. (如果明天天氣好,我們將去郊游。)
2. 含蓄條件句。
指含有條件狀語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句。條件狀語(yǔ)常由表示條件的介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)等來(lái)充當(dāng)。這些短語(yǔ)可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。例如:
Man cant live without water or air. (沒(méi)有水和空氣,人類(lèi)就不能生存。)
Listening to the teacher, well pass the exam. (聽(tīng)老師的話,我們就能通過(guò)考試。)
【動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)】
一般情況下,在復(fù)合句中,如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示將來(lái)的意義,與其連用的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。常見(jiàn)的有如下幾種情況:
1. 主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)。例如:
Theyll go hiking if it doesnt snow tomorrow. (如果明天不下雪,他們將徒步旅行。)
2. 主句的謂語(yǔ)含want, hope, wish等動(dòng)詞。例如:
I hope to visit her if Im free. (如果我有空,我希望去看望她。)
3. 主句的謂語(yǔ)含can, may, must等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如:
You may go swimming if you finish your homework. (如果你做完了作業(yè),你可以去游泳。)
4. 主句是祈使句。例如:
Please put up your hands if you have any question. (如果你們有問(wèn)題的話,請(qǐng)舉手。)
【句式轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)】
1. 不定式短語(yǔ)與條件狀語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)換。
例如:
It will be a great mistake to wait a week.
→It will be a great mistake if we wait a week. (再等一星期是極大的錯(cuò)誤。)
2.“祈使句+連詞(and, or)+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu),其中的祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,但祈使句的這種用法比if從句表示的動(dòng)作更為緊迫。
例如:
Work hard and you will pass the exam.
→If you work hard, you will pass the exam. (如果你努力學(xué)習(xí),你就會(huì)通過(guò)考試。)
Take a taxi, or youll miss your train.
→If you dont take a taxi, youll miss your train. (你如果不叫出租車(chē),就會(huì)誤了火車(chē)。)
【小試牛刀】
Ⅰ. 單項(xiàng)選擇
( )1. We wont do morning exercises if it tomorrow.
A. rain B. rains
C. rained D. will rain
( )2. Tomorrow well go to the city park it is sunny.
A. as B. when
C. if D. as soon as
( )3. Please call me if he at home.
A. is B. will be
C. was D. be
( )4. If I late tomorrow, you can go first without me.
A. be B. am
C. will be D. is going to be
( )5. Your mother angry if you dont do homework.
A. is B. was
C. will be D. would be
Ⅱ. 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
1. After you finish your homework, you may go swimming.
you your homework, you may go swimming.
2. Take a taxi, and youll catch the train.
you a taxi, youll catch the train.
3. Do you mind my closing the window?
Do you mind close the window?
4. Study hard, or you wont pass the test.
If you study hard, you the test.
5. We cant live if there is no air or water.
We cant live air water.endprint