植物學(xué)

封面介紹：金沙江干熱河谷的自然景觀。閆幫國(guó)等研究了該地區(qū)水分和養(yǎng)分變化下植物元素的化學(xué)計(jì)量特征與植物生物量的關(guān)系。

干熱河谷植物化學(xué)計(jì)量特征與生物量之間的關(guān)系

閆幫國(guó)，劉剛才，樊博，等

了解植物化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)特征對(duì)生物量變化的響應(yīng)機(jī)制對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)全球變化下植物生產(chǎn)力以及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能具有重要意義。為了了解干熱河谷地區(qū)植物化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)塑性變化與植物生物量變化的關(guān)系，該研究以當(dāng)?shù)氐牡湫驮锛t土為基質(zhì)，觀察水分、養(yǎng)分以及二者的交互作用對(duì)6種植物的生長(zhǎng)的促進(jìn)作用，并分析這種作用與植物化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)特征變化的關(guān)系。研究結(jié)果顯示：水分、養(yǎng)分、物種及其二元交互作用對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)具有顯著的作用。養(yǎng)分添加處理增加了32.55%的生物量，高頻次水分處理增加了31.35%的生物量，水分與養(yǎng)分復(fù)合處理下生物量增加了110.60%。植物化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)特征的變化與植物生物量對(duì)處理的響應(yīng)具有顯著相關(guān)性。其中，植物總體K︰Ca、K︰Mg、K︰Mn、K︰Zn、Mg︰Mn的變化與植物生物量的變化呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系，表明水分和養(yǎng)分處理對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)的促進(jìn)作用影響了植物養(yǎng)分的平衡，主要的變化趨勢(shì)是高含量元素與低含量元素的計(jì)量比隨著生物量的增加而不斷增加。此外，相對(duì)于植物生物量變化，處理類型和物種因素對(duì)多數(shù)化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)特征變化無(wú)顯著影響，表明水分和養(yǎng)分處理對(duì)化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)的影響具有相同的驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制，即通過(guò)生物量變化最終影響化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)變化。植物生物量對(duì)水分和養(yǎng)分的響應(yīng)可對(duì)植物化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)特征以及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

生態(tài)化學(xué)計(jì)量學(xué)；微量元素；大量元素；可塑性；生物量

來(lái)源出版物：植物生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào), 2015, 39(8): 807-815聯(lián)系郵箱：紀(jì)中華，rjsjzh@163.com

來(lái)源出版物：Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2015, 57(8): 688-697聯(lián)系郵箱：ZHANG Xiang-qi, xqzhang@genetics.ac.cn

封面介紹：Breeding with Endemic Wheat Subspecies: Endemic wheat subspecies are useful germplasms for improving the yield and environmental adaptabilities of common wheat. In this issue, Gu et al. (pp. 688-697) report the development of four sets of introgression lines using Chinese endemic subspecies including Tibetan semi-wild wheat, Xinjiang wheat and Yunnan wheat as donors. These introgression lines have been used to improve agronomic traits of bread wheat and to map yield-related QTLs.

Development, identification and utilization of introgression lines using Chinese endemic and synthetic wheat as donors

GU Li-qing, WEI Bo, FAN Ren-chun, et al.

Chromosome segmental introgression lines (ILs) are an effective way to utilize germplasm resources in crops. To improve agronomic traits of wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum) Shi 4185, four sets of ILs were developed. The donors were Chinese endemic subspecies accessions Yunnan wheat (T. aestivumssp.yunnanense) YN3, Tibetan semi-wild wheat (T. aestivumssp. tibetanum) XZ-ZM19450, and Xinjiang wheat (T. aestivumssp. petropavlovskyi) XJ5, and synthetic wheat HC-XM1620 derived from a cross betweenT. durumacc. D67.2/P66.270 withAegilops tauschiiacc. 218. Totals of 356, 366, 445 and 457 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were polymorphic between Shi 4185 and YN3, XZ-ZM19450, XJ5 and HC-XM1620, respectively. In total, 991 ILs were identified, including 300 derived from YN3, covering 95% of the genome of Shi 4185, 218 from XZ-ZM19450 (79%), 279 from XJ5 (97%), and 194 from HC-ZX1620 (84%). The sizes and locations of each introgression were determined from a consensus SSR linkage map. Using the ILs, 11 putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for plant height (PH), spike length (SL) and grain number per spike (GNS). Comparative analyses of 24 elite ILs with the parents revealed that the four donor parents could be important resources to improve wheat SL and GNS. Our work offers a case for utilizing endemic landraces for QTL mapping and improvement of wheat cultivars using introgression lines.

Chromosome segmental introgression lines; common wheat; molecular breeding; quantitative trait locus; simple sequence repeat marker