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        “五六三”教學(xué)模式探究

        2014-12-29 00:00:00李明詩(shī)孫全生
        黑龍江教育·中學(xué) 2014年12期

        (本文選自人教版新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上Unit 9 Can you come to my party? Section A)齊齊哈爾市第五十三中學(xué)多年來(lái)在教育部門(mén)的關(guān)懷扶持下,在學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的引領(lǐng)下,在全體教職員工的努力配合下,積極開(kāi)展教學(xué)改革,取得累累碩果,尤其在中考中取得了非常優(yōu)異的成績(jī)。該校采取的是國(guó)家級(jí)科研成果“五遵循課堂”為基礎(chǔ)的“五六三”教學(xué)模式?!拔辶狈謩e代表:教師授課應(yīng)做到“五”個(gè)遵循,“六”個(gè)重要授課環(huán)節(jié),“三”個(gè)能力的培養(yǎng)。“五遵循”是高校課堂的基本方針,“六環(huán)節(jié)”是授課策略及具體上課步驟,“三能力”是期望達(dá)成的目標(biāo)。具體內(nèi)容如下圖:

        本教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)正是“五六三”教學(xué)模式的典型課堂精彩展示。

        教學(xué)流程圖:

        教學(xué)步驟:

        Step1: Show the target language as following:

        T: Let’s look at the white-board. Read your target language first quickly, then we’ll watch a video about parties in the western countries.

        Ss: OK.

        設(shè)計(jì)意圖: 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生快速瀏覽的閱讀能力,同時(shí)明確本課目標(biāo)。

        Step 2: Show the students a video about parties in the western countries.

        T: Please watch this short film and try your best to learn from it.

        Ss: Thank you.

        設(shè)計(jì)意圖: 激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣,調(diào)節(jié)課堂氣氛,增進(jìn)對(duì)西方國(guó)家習(xí)俗文化的了解。

        Step3: Let the students think about making invitations in groups

        T: Now, I think you have been interested in parties, let’s design some making invitation sentences by yourselves in groups. After this , you could show your results to all of us. Do it, now.

        S: OK.(Start to design and discuss in groups.)

        設(shè)計(jì)意圖: 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生合作學(xué)習(xí)能力,集思廣益,為下一環(huán)節(jié)作準(zhǔn)備。

        Step4: Let the students show their works

        T: Stop here, please. Let the groups invite the others one by one.

        Group1: Can you come to my party? My party is very nice!

        Group2:Let’s go to the movies tonight.

        Group3:Do you want to go shopping with this weekend?

        Group4:Can you come to my home to eat dinner tonight?

        Group5:How about going swimming next Saturday?

        Group6:Can you join my team?

        T: Well done, boys and girls. But how do we accept these invitations? Let’s talk about this topic together.

        S: Yes, sir.(Start to discuss again.)

        設(shè)計(jì)意圖 :以學(xué)生為主體,充分展示學(xué)生才華和能力。

        Step5: Let the studentsthink about how to accept invitations according to different askings and sentence patterns.

        T: When you give your acceptions, please pay attention to the sentence patterns.

        S: Sure. Don’t worry, sir.

        設(shè)計(jì)意圖 :進(jìn)一步深化小組合作學(xué)習(xí)。

        Step6: Let the students show their works.

        Let the students think about making invitations in groups well. Could you please show us how to accept the invitations?

        Group1: We can use Of cours/Sure/OK, I’d love to.

        Group2: We can say Good idea/That sounds great.

        Group3: Yes, I do.

        Group4: Maybe we can jump and clap hands.

        Group5:Body language is not enough, we must say YES or NO.

        Group6: The same as Group1.

        設(shè)計(jì)意圖 :以學(xué)生為主體,充分展示學(xué)生合作學(xué)習(xí)成果。

        Step7: Let the students think about declining invitations in groups.

        T: Now, let’s talk about how to decline one’s invitations, we must learn how to refuse the others politely, do you agree with me?

        S: Certainly.

        設(shè)計(jì)意圖:培養(yǎng)學(xué)生合作學(xué)習(xí)能力及自主學(xué)習(xí)能力。

        Step8: Let the students show their works.

        T: Is every group ready to show your works?

        Ss: Yes.

        T: OK, let’s begin with Group1.

        Group1: We found we must say SORRY first. Then we can say the reasons.

        Group2: Yes, Group1 is right. We can say we must prepare for test to refuse.

        Group3:We can use I’m not available.

        Group4: We can say I have a lot of homework to do.

        Group5: If we say I’d love to but...that’s better.Then we can give our reasons.

        Group6: We must be polite, so we must say thanks or thank you all the same.

        T: Good job, children. Next, let’s find out something important.

        設(shè)計(jì)意圖 : 給學(xué)生充分時(shí)間進(jìn)行展示和交流,互相促進(jìn)。

        Step 9: Show sentence patterns of making invitations on the white board, and two different ways of answer.

        T: Let’s look at these sentence patterns together. And pay attention to the answers in two different ways.

        S: Oh, I see.

        設(shè)計(jì)意圖 :精講點(diǎn)撥,強(qiáng)化本課重難點(diǎn)。

        Step 10: Do exercises about the key grammar and ask the students to sum up.

        T : Now, let’s do some exercises to test if you understand good enough.

        S: OK.(Start to do exercises.)

        T: Give you the answers and you check by yourselves. Now, who can sum up what you have learned in today’s class.

        S1: How to make invitations.

        S2: How to accept invitations.

        S3: How to decline invitations.

        S4: How to match the questions and the answers.

        T: Excellent, kids. Your homework is to imagine you want to invite somebody in our class and think about what he or she will say. Next class we will ask students to come to the front to act out your works.

        Ss: OK, sir.

        設(shè)計(jì)意圖 : 鞏固訓(xùn)練,將學(xué)生本課堂所學(xué)應(yīng)用到考試中。

        反思:本節(jié)課采取“五六三”教學(xué)模式授課,設(shè)計(jì)思路如下:

        在一開(kāi)始設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)候,想采取師生對(duì)話的方式展開(kāi),后考慮到如果這樣做,整堂課的基調(diào)難免沉悶,難以體現(xiàn)學(xué)生的主體地位。因此在展示學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo),鍛煉學(xué)生快速閱讀,迅速獲取有用信息之后,馬上播放一個(gè)熱情四溢的西方國(guó)家派對(duì)活動(dòng)的視頻,這樣學(xué)生的所有注意力都能被吸引到本課學(xué)習(xí)中來(lái),學(xué)生的興奮度迅速提升。整節(jié)課的氣氛也比較輕松愜意、融洽愉快。

        正式授課部分主要圍繞“邀請(qǐng)”這一交際功能展開(kāi),著重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生口語(yǔ)交際能力。學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的核心是發(fā)出、接收或拒絕邀請(qǐng)的相關(guān)句型。圍繞這一教學(xué)重點(diǎn)暨難點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)了3個(gè)合作學(xué)習(xí)的“頭腦風(fēng)暴”式的小組活動(dòng),并同時(shí)穿插進(jìn)行3個(gè)展示活動(dòng)。充分體現(xiàn)了學(xué)生的主體地位,教師讓賢為幕后指揮者,能夠起到在適當(dāng)時(shí)機(jī)和場(chǎng)合鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生的關(guān)鍵作用,也即“五遵循”原則中的“教師為主導(dǎo)”。主要目的是讓學(xué)生自己去學(xué),培養(yǎng)其獨(dú)立自學(xué)能力,合作學(xué)習(xí)能力,質(zhì)疑探索、分析歸納能力。所以單詞在上課前是作為預(yù)習(xí)內(nèi)容留給學(xué)生的。課上主要是運(yùn)用這些生詞,進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言的實(shí)際操作。這樣做,更符合學(xué)生的認(rèn)知規(guī)律。學(xué)生在3個(gè)小組合作學(xué)習(xí)的活動(dòng)中,始終在用英語(yǔ)交流,更像是浸入式的學(xué)習(xí)方式,而不是接受教師“填灌式”的教學(xué)。所以,學(xué)習(xí)效益得以極大的提升。這也正是蘇校長(zhǎng)經(jīng)常對(duì)教師們說(shuō)的一句話:“你說(shuō)的再多,學(xué)生接受的少,曲高和寡,等于沒(méi)說(shuō),關(guān)鍵是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)能力?!北竟?jié)課在小組活動(dòng)上,能夠充分展示學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)和合作學(xué)習(xí)的能力。

        最后由教師進(jìn)行精講點(diǎn)撥,并由學(xué)生自己總結(jié),這能培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的分析歸納能力。習(xí)題部分,也即檢測(cè)評(píng)價(jià)部分,主要是針對(duì)本課中的易錯(cuò)環(huán)節(jié)而設(shè)置。比如how about 后面的動(dòng)詞形式,can you 問(wèn)句的肯定及否定答語(yǔ)。實(shí)際上這部分也是針對(duì)考試而設(shè)置。在這一點(diǎn)上,我認(rèn)為本課的5道習(xí)題都非常符合要求,能真正讓學(xué)生進(jìn)一步掌握所學(xué)知識(shí)的同時(shí),能夠清楚把握考試脈絡(luò),從而增強(qiáng)信心,樂(lè)于學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。

        當(dāng)然,無(wú)論哪種教學(xué)方法都不是完美的,在教學(xué)的具體環(huán)節(jié)中難免有瑕疵,比如小組活動(dòng)的評(píng)價(jià)沒(méi)有給出比較直觀的分?jǐn)?shù),主要遵守教育公平原則。但在實(shí)際操作中,可能對(duì)每個(gè)小組進(jìn)行評(píng)分,學(xué)生的積極性會(huì)更高一些。再有,本教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)可能更適合學(xué)生基礎(chǔ)較好的班級(jí)。

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