蘇曉恩等
[摘要] 目的 探討自然殺傷T細(xì)胞(NKT)在髖關(guān)節(jié)骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(HO)患者的表達(dá)與臨床意義。 方法 收集45例HO患者外周血,采用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測其內(nèi)NKT及其胞內(nèi)細(xì)胞因子γ干擾素(IFN-γ)及白介素4(IL-4)的含量。并與45例類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎(RA)患者進(jìn)行對比。結(jié)果 與健康對照組比較,RA及HO組患者NKT及IFN-γ均顯著降低差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);在IL-4的比較方面,RA組顯著低于對照組,但HO組IL-4與對照組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.098)。治療后RA及HO組NKT、IFN-γ及IL-4均較治療前不同程度上升,均以HO回升幅度明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),但治療后RA組IFN-γ頻率較前無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)變化,而HO組較治療前明顯上升,且HO組IFN-γ頻率明顯高于RA組(P=0.006)。結(jié)論 NKT在HO免疫機(jī)制當(dāng)中起到重要作用,其細(xì)胞因子IL-10在HO與RA的鑒別起到重要作用,且IFN-γ與療效密切相關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 骨關(guān)節(jié)炎;自然殺傷T細(xì)胞;細(xì)胞因子;γ干擾素
[中圖分類號] R684.3 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-0742(2014)06(b)-0025-03
[Abstract] Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of natural killer T cells (NKT) in patients with hip osteoarthritis(HO). Methods The peripheral blood of 45 patients with HO was collected. Flow cytometry was used to detect the content of NKT and intracellular cytokine gamma interferon(IFN-γ) and interleukin 4(IL-4), and compared with 45 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Results Compared with the healthy controls, NKT and IFN-γ of the patients in RA group and HO group were significantly lower(P<0.05); in terms of IL-4, compared with the control group, the IL-4 of RA group was lower, but the difference in IL-4 between HO group and control group was not statistically significant(P=0.098). After the treatment, the level of NKT, IFN-gamma and IL-4 of RA group and HO group increased at different levels as compared with those before treatment, and those of HO group increased significantly(P<0.05); IFN-gamma frequency of RA group after treatment showed no statistically change as compared with that before treatment, but that of HO group increased significantly compared with that before treatment, and IFN-gamma frequency of HO group was obviously higher than that of RA group(P=0.006). Conclusion The NKT play an important role in the HO immunity mechanism, the cytokine IL-10 plays an important role in differentiating HO and RA, and is closely related to the curative effect of IFN-gamma.
[Key words] Osteoarthritis; Natural killer T cells; Cytokines; Gamma interferon
目前國外研究發(fā)現(xiàn)免疫異常是骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(Osteoarthritis, OA)病情進(jìn)展的重要機(jī)制[1]。國內(nèi)外研究已發(fā)現(xiàn)具有自然殺傷細(xì)胞(NK)和T細(xì)胞(TC)雙重活性的自然殺傷T細(xì)胞(NKT)在類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎(RA)患者表達(dá)減少,是RA病情加重的重要免疫因素[2]。為探討自然殺傷T細(xì)胞(NKT)在髖關(guān)節(jié)骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(HO)患者的表達(dá)與臨床意義,該研究選取2011年1月—2013年6月該院骨科就診的45例HO患者為研究對象,推測NKT可能在OA的發(fā)病機(jī)制起到重要作用。該研究通過流式細(xì)胞術(shù)觀察髖關(guān)節(jié)骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(HO) 患者外周血NKT及其胞內(nèi)細(xì)胞因子γ干擾素(IFN-γ)及白介素4(IL-4)的含量,發(fā)現(xiàn)其呈一定的特征性變化,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取該院骨科就診的45例HO患者股骨頭作為觀察組,同時排除類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎、痛風(fēng)等其他疾病[3]。另外選取同期就診的RA患者45例作為對照組。其中HO組男性31例,女性14例,年齡(55.3±10.8)歲;RA組男33例,女12例,年齡(53.7±11.9)歲;并選取同期到院體檢的健康志愿者40名作為參考,男20例,女10例,年齡(51.6±10.7)歲。endprint
1.2 標(biāo)本采集與治療
清晨空腹抽取以上3組的靜脈血約5 mL。采用NSAID類抗炎藥對HO及RA組患者進(jìn)行治療,4周后再次采集外周血[4]。以上標(biāo)本均抗凝保存于4℃冰箱內(nèi)待測。
1.3 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)
CD3、CD16、CD56、IFN-γ及IL-4細(xì)胞因子抗體均購自南京建成生物工程研究所。多色流式細(xì)胞術(shù)為Beckman產(chǎn)品。將以上3組外周血抗凝標(biāo)本采用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測NKT、IFN-γ及IL-4的頻率[5]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用兩獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)比較兩組間的差異,運(yùn)用配對t檢驗(yàn)比較治療前后的指標(biāo)變化,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2分析LSD法進(jìn)行3組間的兩兩比較,使用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包SPSS 13.0分析數(shù)據(jù)。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 3組的NKT及其細(xì)胞因子比較
與健康組比較,RA及HO組患者NKT及IFN-γ均顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。在IL-4的比較方面,RA組顯著低于對照組,但HO組IL-4與對照組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P-0.098),見表1、圖1。
2.2 治療前后NKT及其細(xì)胞因子的變化情況
治療后RA及HO組NKT、IFN-γ及IL-4均較治療前不同程度上升,均以HO回升幅度明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),但治療后RA組IFN-γ頻率較前無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)變化,而HO組較治療前明顯上升,且HO組IFN-γ頻率明顯高于RA組(P=0.006),見表2。
3 討論
骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(Osteoarthritis,OA)是一種臨床常見慢性關(guān)節(jié)疾病,其發(fā)病率隨著著社會的老齡化而增高。來自Yoshiga等[6]的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查顯示OA在女性患病率中占第四位,在男性患病率中占第八位;其中60~70歲的老年人的OA患病率約為60%,70歲以上的老年人的OA患病率約為70%,其病理改變主要是關(guān)節(jié)軟骨滑膜增生、關(guān)節(jié)囊攣縮,軟骨面破壞、軟骨下骨囊性改變、關(guān)節(jié)邊緣骨贅形成、肌萎縮、韌帶松弛等及肌肉萎縮無力等。最近Liu等[7]報(bào)道OA累及髖關(guān)節(jié)的發(fā)病率越來越高,可能與該關(guān)節(jié)的骨質(zhì)疏松病理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)有關(guān),因此該研究選擇髖關(guān)節(jié)骨關(guān)節(jié)炎(HO)作為觀察對象。
Lfgren等[8]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),HO的發(fā)病機(jī)制與免疫因素的異常密不可分,尤其與T細(xì)胞更為相關(guān)。Jung等[9]發(fā)現(xiàn),由CD4+及CD8+T細(xì)胞功能障礙介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞免疫異常在OA的軟骨破壞過程起到至關(guān)重要作用。因此T細(xì)胞的異常是近年OA機(jī)制的免疫學(xué)研究熱點(diǎn)。自然殺傷T細(xì)胞(NKT),是一種免疫調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞,同時表達(dá)T細(xì)胞標(biāo)志性的CD3分子,又表達(dá)NK細(xì)胞的CD16及CD56分子,從而具備自然殺傷細(xì)胞(NK)和T細(xì)胞(TC)雙重免疫活性。NKT細(xì)胞可在抗原刺激下體外大量擴(kuò)增,呈TH0樣細(xì)胞因子分泌,激活后可以產(chǎn)生IFN-γ(屬于Th1細(xì)胞因子,介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞免疫)及IL-4(屬于Th2細(xì)胞因子,介導(dǎo)體液免疫)等細(xì)胞因子,并具有細(xì)胞毒性作用[10]。Jacques等[11]報(bào)道在類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎(RA)患者表達(dá)減少,是RA病情加重的重要免疫因素。綜合上述研究背景,推測OA的發(fā)病機(jī)制與病情進(jìn)展可能與NKT密切相關(guān)。
該研究結(jié)果提示:RA及HO組患者NKT及IFN-γ均顯著低于健康志愿者;但I(xiàn)L-4的情況有所不同——僅RA組顯著低于健康組,但HO組IL-4與對照組無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,這說明IL-4對于HO與RA的鑒別診斷有價值。從治療后的變化看,RA及HO組NKT、IFN-γ及IL-4均較治療前不同程度上升,仍以HO回升幅度明顯;但治療后RA組IFN-γ頻率較前無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)變化,而HO組IFN-γ較治療前明顯上升,且HO組IFN-γ頻率明顯高于RA組,這與Miellot-Gafsou等[12]的結(jié)果相一致。以上說明一個更為重要的現(xiàn)象:IFN-γ對于評價HO的病情進(jìn)展與預(yù)后更有價值,因此具有重要的臨床意義。
通過該研究,NKT在HO的發(fā)病機(jī)制當(dāng)中起到重要的免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用,其活性降低是一個重要環(huán)節(jié),治療后NKT及IFN-γ含量的上升從而病情恢復(fù),是HO的重要免疫調(diào)節(jié)治療依據(jù)。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
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[8] Lfgren SE, Delgado-Vega AM, Gallant CJ, et al. A 3'-untranslated region variant is associated with impaired expression of CD226 in T and natural killer T cells and is associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus[J].Arthritis Rheum,2010,62(11):3404-3414.
[9] Jung S, Park YK, Shin JH, et al. The requirement of natural killer T-cells in tolerogenic APCs-mediated suppression of collagen-induced arthritis[J].Exp Mol Med,2010,42(8):547-554.
[10] Tudhope SJ, von Delwig A, Falconer J, et al. Profound invariant natural killer T-cell deficiency in inflammatory arthritis[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2010,69(10):1873-1879.
[11] Jacques P, Venken K, Van Beneden K, et al. Invariant natural killer T cells are natural regulators of murine spondylarthritis[J].Arthritis Rheum,2010,62(4):988-999.
[12] Miellot-Gafsou A, Biton J, Bourgeois E, et al. Early activation of invariant natural killer T cells in a rheumatoid arthritis model and application to disease treatment[J].Immunology,2010,130(2):296-306.
(收稿日期:2014-03-16)endprint
[5] de Menthon M, Lambert M, Guiard E, et al. Excessive interleukin-15 transpresentation endows NKG2D+CD4+ T cells with innate-like capacity to lyse vascular endothelium in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)[J].Arthritis Rheum,2011,63(7):2116-2126.
[6] Yoshiga Y, Goto D, Segawa S, et al. Activation of natural killer T cells by α-carba-GalCer (RCAI-56), a novel synthetic glycolipid ligand, suppresses murine collagen-induced arthritis[J].Clin Exp Immunol,2011,164(2):236-247.
[7] Liu Y, Shu Q, Gao L, et al. Increased Tim-3 expression on peripheral lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis negatively correlates with disease activity[J].Clin Immunol,2010,137(2):288-295.
[8] Lfgren SE, Delgado-Vega AM, Gallant CJ, et al. A 3'-untranslated region variant is associated with impaired expression of CD226 in T and natural killer T cells and is associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus[J].Arthritis Rheum,2010,62(11):3404-3414.
[9] Jung S, Park YK, Shin JH, et al. The requirement of natural killer T-cells in tolerogenic APCs-mediated suppression of collagen-induced arthritis[J].Exp Mol Med,2010,42(8):547-554.
[10] Tudhope SJ, von Delwig A, Falconer J, et al. Profound invariant natural killer T-cell deficiency in inflammatory arthritis[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2010,69(10):1873-1879.
[11] Jacques P, Venken K, Van Beneden K, et al. Invariant natural killer T cells are natural regulators of murine spondylarthritis[J].Arthritis Rheum,2010,62(4):988-999.
[12] Miellot-Gafsou A, Biton J, Bourgeois E, et al. Early activation of invariant natural killer T cells in a rheumatoid arthritis model and application to disease treatment[J].Immunology,2010,130(2):296-306.
(收稿日期:2014-03-16)endprint
[5] de Menthon M, Lambert M, Guiard E, et al. Excessive interleukin-15 transpresentation endows NKG2D+CD4+ T cells with innate-like capacity to lyse vascular endothelium in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)[J].Arthritis Rheum,2011,63(7):2116-2126.
[6] Yoshiga Y, Goto D, Segawa S, et al. Activation of natural killer T cells by α-carba-GalCer (RCAI-56), a novel synthetic glycolipid ligand, suppresses murine collagen-induced arthritis[J].Clin Exp Immunol,2011,164(2):236-247.
[7] Liu Y, Shu Q, Gao L, et al. Increased Tim-3 expression on peripheral lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis negatively correlates with disease activity[J].Clin Immunol,2010,137(2):288-295.
[8] Lfgren SE, Delgado-Vega AM, Gallant CJ, et al. A 3'-untranslated region variant is associated with impaired expression of CD226 in T and natural killer T cells and is associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus[J].Arthritis Rheum,2010,62(11):3404-3414.
[9] Jung S, Park YK, Shin JH, et al. The requirement of natural killer T-cells in tolerogenic APCs-mediated suppression of collagen-induced arthritis[J].Exp Mol Med,2010,42(8):547-554.
[10] Tudhope SJ, von Delwig A, Falconer J, et al. Profound invariant natural killer T-cell deficiency in inflammatory arthritis[J].Ann Rheum Dis,2010,69(10):1873-1879.
[11] Jacques P, Venken K, Van Beneden K, et al. Invariant natural killer T cells are natural regulators of murine spondylarthritis[J].Arthritis Rheum,2010,62(4):988-999.
[12] Miellot-Gafsou A, Biton J, Bourgeois E, et al. Early activation of invariant natural killer T cells in a rheumatoid arthritis model and application to disease treatment[J].Immunology,2010,130(2):296-306.
(收稿日期:2014-03-16)endprint