曹華
摘 要:為了研究有過(guò)武術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)經(jīng)歷的警務(wù)人員判別的轉(zhuǎn)化加工過(guò)程,利用任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換范式,對(duì)訓(xùn)練組(12人)和對(duì)照組(12人)的任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換行為數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行記錄與分析。結(jié)果顯示:武術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員警察的轉(zhuǎn)換損失顯著小于普通警察(P<0.05)。為了探索情緒對(duì)于武術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員警察的轉(zhuǎn)換加工過(guò)程的影響,引入了3種不同的情緒誘導(dǎo)條件,結(jié)果顯示:正性和負(fù)性情緒均能破壞轉(zhuǎn)換加工過(guò)程,武術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員警察在負(fù)性情緒下,轉(zhuǎn)換損失的變化不顯著,一般警察在負(fù)性情緒下,轉(zhuǎn)換損失顯著高于中性情緒(P<0.001)。因此,武術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員警察具有更優(yōu)秀的轉(zhuǎn)化加工能力,并且較少受到情緒的影響。
關(guān) 鍵 詞:運(yùn)動(dòng)心理學(xué);判別轉(zhuǎn)換加工能力;任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換;武術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員;警察
中圖分類號(hào):G804.8 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-7116(2014)05-0114-04
Effects of Wushu training on polices judgment switching processing ability
CAO Hua
(Department of Police and Physical Education,Guangdong Police College,Guangzhou 510440,China)
Abstract: In order to study the process of judgment switching processing of police with a Wushu player experience, the authors recorded and analyzed the data of task switching behaviors of a trained group (12 people) and a control group (12 people) by utilizing task switching paradigm, and revealed the following finding: Wushu player polices switching cost was significantly smaller than ordinary polices (P<0.05). In order to probe into the effects of emotion on the process of switching processing of Wushu player police, the authors introduced 3 different emotion induction conditions, and revealed the following findings: both positive and negative emotion could damage the process of switching processing; under negative emotion, the changing of switching cost of Wushu player police was not significant; usually polices switching cost under negative emotion was significantly higher than that under neutral emotion (P<0.01). Therefore, Wushu player police have a more excellent switching processing ability, and are less affected by emotion.
Key words: sports psychology;judgment switching processing ability;task switching;Wushu player;police
從一項(xiàng)認(rèn)知任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換到另一項(xiàng)任務(wù)的活動(dòng)稱為“任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換”(task switch),這種任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換的過(guò)程包含著人類一種最基本的認(rèn)知加工過(guò)程,有學(xué)者稱之為轉(zhuǎn)換加工(switching process)[1]。被試者執(zhí)行轉(zhuǎn)換任務(wù)比執(zhí)行重復(fù)任務(wù)的反應(yīng)時(shí)要長(zhǎng),并且錯(cuò)誤次數(shù)更多,這種轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程中的時(shí)間虧損稱作轉(zhuǎn)換損失(switching cost),用轉(zhuǎn)化任務(wù)和重復(fù)任務(wù)的反應(yīng)時(shí)之差表示[2]。由于職業(yè)的特殊需要,警察經(jīng)常要在各種復(fù)雜環(huán)境下工作,在面對(duì)各種突發(fā)事件的時(shí)候,顯然優(yōu)秀的轉(zhuǎn)換加工能力是不可或缺的。因此對(duì)于其轉(zhuǎn)換加工過(guò)程的研究有著十分重要的意義。警察作為國(guó)家的暴力機(jī)器,它與武術(shù)有著天然姻緣,這種天然姻緣讓武術(shù)在新中國(guó)的警察訓(xùn)練上留下尤為深刻的印跡:從1936年6月延安警察隊(duì)組建至今,以武術(shù)攻防為主要技術(shù)的“擒拿格斗”一直是我國(guó)各級(jí)警務(wù)人員受訓(xùn)的重要內(nèi)容這之一。也正是因?yàn)槲湫g(shù)天生的“防身制敵”的功能,建國(guó)以來(lái)我國(guó)警隊(duì)中招錄了大批有武術(shù)散打、摔跤、拳擊等格斗類項(xiàng)目運(yùn)動(dòng)員經(jīng)歷的警察(本研究統(tǒng)稱“武術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員警察”,其它來(lái)源的警員稱“普通警察”)。該群體相比于普通警員在實(shí)戰(zhàn)中面對(duì)突發(fā)事件常常有著更優(yōu)秀的表現(xiàn)[3-4]。有研究證明運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練可以提高轉(zhuǎn)換加工的能力[5-6],根據(jù)這一觀點(diǎn),我們大膽推測(cè)武術(shù)訓(xùn)練可以使警察獲得良好的判別轉(zhuǎn)換加工能力,這種良好的轉(zhuǎn)換加工能力可能是優(yōu)秀實(shí)戰(zhàn)表現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)。當(dāng)然,在我國(guó)警察隊(duì)伍中還有很多有過(guò)其它諸如籃球、體操、田徑、游泳等項(xiàng)目運(yùn)動(dòng)經(jīng)歷的警察群體。至于這些警察群體的判別轉(zhuǎn)換加工能力與普通警員是否有差異、這些警察群體是否與“武術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員警察”具有同樣良好的判別轉(zhuǎn)換加工能力,或者說(shuō)這些運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的訓(xùn)練對(duì)警察判別轉(zhuǎn)換加工能力有無(wú)影響等問(wèn)題目前國(guó)內(nèi)還鮮有相關(guān)研究,因此能為進(jìn)一步探索以上問(wèn)題打下一定研究基礎(chǔ)也是本研究的目的之一。endprint