司菲菲劉芮汐許春華宋思捷胡賀芬易豈建
(1重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬兒童醫(yī)院心臟中心 重慶 400014;2兒童發(fā)育疾病研究省部共建教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室-兒科學(xué)重慶市重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室-重慶市兒童發(fā)育重大疾病診治與預(yù)防國(guó)際科技合作基地 重慶 400014)
川崎?。↘D)患者血清中抵抗素對(duì)人冠狀動(dòng)脈內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞(HCAEC)ET-1及NO/eNOS的作用
司菲菲1,2劉芮汐1,2許春華1,2宋思捷1,2胡賀芬1,2易豈建1△
(1重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬兒童醫(yī)院心臟中心 重慶 400014;2兒童發(fā)育疾病研究省部共建教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室-兒科學(xué)重慶市重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室-重慶市兒童發(fā)育重大疾病診治與預(yù)防國(guó)際科技合作基地 重慶 400014)
目的探討抵抗素與川崎?。↘awasaki disease,KD)患兒冠狀動(dòng)脈內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞ET-1及NO/e NOS的關(guān)系。方法收集川崎病患兒和健康兒童血清,加入人冠狀動(dòng)脈內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)體系,分為4組:KD患兒血清組(KD組)、抵抗素組(Re組)、正常人血清組(N組)、KD患兒血清加抵抗素抗體組(KD+antiRe組)。干預(yù)24 h后,硝酸酶還原法測(cè)定細(xì)胞上清液中NO水平,real-time PCR測(cè)定細(xì)胞ET-1及eNOS的mRNA表達(dá),ELISA檢測(cè)細(xì)胞上清抵抗素及e NOS蛋白的表達(dá)水平。結(jié)果各組抵抗素水平:與N組比較,KD組與Re組抵抗素水平明顯增高(P<0.05),KD+antiRe組抵抗素水平明顯下降(P<0.05),KD組較Re組降低(P<0.05)。各組NO水平:與N組比較,KD組和KD+antiRe組NO水平明顯升高(P<0.05),Re組下降(P<0.05);KD+antiRe組較KD組NO水平升高更明顯(P<0.05)。各組ET-1mRNA表達(dá)水平:與N組及KD+antiRe組比較,KD組、Re組的ET-1 m RNA表達(dá)水平升高(P<0.05),N組與KD+antiRe組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,KD組與Re組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。各組eNOS m RNA及蛋白表達(dá)水平:KD組、Re組與KD+antiRe組較N組均降低(P<0.05),KD組較Re組及KD+antiRe組降低(P<0.05),Re組較KD+antiRe組降低(P<0.05)。結(jié)論抵抗素參與了KD患兒冠狀動(dòng)脈內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷,其機(jī)制可能與調(diào)節(jié)ET-1及NO/eNOS表達(dá)有關(guān)。
川崎?。↘D); 抵抗素; 冠狀動(dòng)脈; 內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞
川崎?。↘awasaki disease,KD),又稱(chēng)皮膚黏膜淋巴結(jié)綜合征(mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome,MCLS),是一種以全身非特異性血管炎癥為主要病理改變的急性發(fā)熱性疾病,主要發(fā)生在5歲以下兒童,未經(jīng)治療的KD患兒約20%發(fā)生冠狀動(dòng)脈損傷,已成為兒童后天性心臟病最常見(jiàn)的病因之一[1],因此對(duì)其冠脈損傷的機(jī)制研究具有重要臨床意義。
抵抗素(resistin)是一種近年發(fā)現(xiàn)的新的脂肪細(xì)胞因子,與機(jī)體免疫反應(yīng)、炎癥等密切相關(guān)[2]。已發(fā)現(xiàn)KD患兒血清中的抵抗素水平較正常兒童有所升高[3],抵抗素是否參與了KD的血管內(nèi)皮損傷尚不明確。既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)皮素與一氧化氮(ND)系統(tǒng)在內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能中起重要作用,故本課題采用川崎病患兒血清及抵抗素作用于體外培養(yǎng)人冠狀動(dòng)脈內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞(human coronary artery endothelial cell,HCAEC),觀察內(nèi)皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1),NO和內(nèi)皮型一氧化氮合酶(endotheliat nitric oxide synthase,eNOS)的表達(dá)水平,探討KD患兒血清中抵抗素對(duì)HCAEC損傷的作用。
實(shí)驗(yàn)材料和主要試劑收集2011年11月至2012年5月在重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬兒童醫(yī)院住院治療的KD急性期患兒靜脈注射丙種球蛋白治療前的血清(n=30)。KD患兒均符合國(guó)際KD會(huì)議修訂的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4]。同時(shí)來(lái)集正常兒童血清(n=3)。
HCAEC(ATCC編號(hào)6020),人重組抵抗素(美國(guó)SANTA公司),抵抗素抗體eNOS ELISA試劑盒,人抵抗素ELISA試劑盒(美國(guó)R&D公司),RNA提取試劑盒(北京百泰克生物技術(shù)有限公司),逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(日本TakaRa公司)。引物由TakaRa公司合成。
HCAEC的培養(yǎng)和分組處理HCAEC復(fù)蘇后,用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基,37℃、5%CO2條件下培養(yǎng),待細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)至80%融合時(shí)按1∶2傳代,約每3天傳代1次。將處于對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的HCAEC改用無(wú)血清的DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h后隨機(jī)分為4組:(1)正常血清組(N組),DMEM/F12中加入10%正常兒童血清;(2)KD組,DMEM/F12中加入10%KD患兒血清;(3)KD+antiRe組,DMEM/F12中加入終濃度為2.5μg/m L的抵抗素抗體,培養(yǎng)2 h后加入10%KD患兒血清;(4)Re組,DMEM/F12中加入終濃度為40 ng/m L的抵抗素。各組均干預(yù)24 h。
化學(xué)比色法檢測(cè)NO水平細(xì)胞干預(yù)24 h后,收集每孔細(xì)胞上清液,室溫3 000 r/min(離心半徑13.5 cm)離心20 min,提取上清,按照說(shuō)明書(shū)測(cè)定NO水平。
real-time PCR檢測(cè)HCAEC中ET-1和eNOS mRNA的表達(dá)水平細(xì)胞經(jīng)上述處理后即刻提取各組細(xì)胞RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA作為real-timePCR的模板,反應(yīng)體系為12.5μL,引物序列見(jiàn)表1。ET-1、e NOS擴(kuò)增條件:95℃預(yù)變性5 min,94℃變性30 s,60℃退火30 s,72℃延伸1 min,共35個(gè)循環(huán),最后72℃延伸7 min;β-actin擴(kuò)增條件:95℃預(yù)變性5 min,94℃變性30 s,55℃退火30 s,72℃延伸1min,共35個(gè)循環(huán),最后72℃延伸7 min。取PCR產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行2%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳,利用凝膠掃描系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行陽(yáng)性條帶吸光度(D)積分掃描,以β-actin為內(nèi)參,計(jì)算ET-1和eNOS的mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
表1 PCR引物序列Tah 1 Sequences of RT-PCR primers
ELISA檢測(cè)細(xì)胞eNOS蛋白表達(dá)水平及抵抗素水平細(xì)胞干預(yù)24 h后,收集每孔細(xì)胞上清液,室溫3 000 r/min(離心半徑13.5 cm)離心20 min后提取上清,按照說(shuō)明書(shū)測(cè)定eNOS及抵抗素的蛋白表達(dá)水平。
統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理所有實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,數(shù)據(jù)以±s表示,采用單因素方差分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
各組抵抗素水平的比較與N組比較,KD組和Re組的抵抗素水平明顯增高,KD+antiRe組的抵抗素水平明顯下降,KD組較N組及KD+antiRe組升高,較Re組降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,表2)。
HCAEC上清液中NO水平的比較與N組比較,KD組和KD+antiRe組的NO水平明顯升高(P<0.05),Re組下降(P<0.05)。KD+antiRe組較KD組NO水平明顯升高(P<0.05,表2)。
HCEAC中ET-1 mRNA表達(dá)水平real-time PCR檢測(cè)的吸光度經(jīng)內(nèi)參β-actin校正,KD組與Re組的ET-1 mRNA表達(dá)水平較N組明顯升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),KD+antiRe組的ET-1m RNA表達(dá)較KD組明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),KD組與Re組間的差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,N組與KD+antiRe組間的差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(表2,圖1)。
HCEAC中eNOS mRNA表達(dá)水平real-time PCR檢測(cè)的吸光度經(jīng)內(nèi)參β-actin校正,KD組、KD+antiRe組及Re組的eNOS mRNA表達(dá)水平較N組明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),KD組較KD+antiRe組明顯降低(P<0.05,表2,圖2)。
各組eNOS蛋白表達(dá)水平KD組、KD+antiRe組及Re組的eNOS蛋白水平較N組明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),KD組較KD+antiRe組明顯降低(P<0.05,表2)。
表2 各組抵抗素和NO水平、ET-1和eNOS的mRNA表達(dá)、eNOS蛋白表達(dá)的比較Tah 2 Comparison of resistin levels,NO production,ET-1 and eNOS mRNA expressions,eNOS protein expression among the 4 groups (±s)
表2 各組抵抗素和NO水平、ET-1和eNOS的mRNA表達(dá)、eNOS蛋白表達(dá)的比較Tah 2 Comparison of resistin levels,NO production,ET-1 and eNOS mRNA expressions,eNOS protein expression among the 4 groups (±s)
(1)vs.N group,P<0.05;(2)vs.KD group,P<0.05.
GroupResistin levels(U/L)NO(μmol/L)ET-1 mRNA (times)eNOS m RNA (times)eNOS protein(U/L)KD3.74±0.27(1)72.2±2.20(1)1.51±0.33(1)0.21±0.12(1)31.83±0.59(1)Re37.02±1.38(1)41.3±2.15(1)1.52±0.29(1)0.59±0.14(1)32.03±1.09(1)KD+antiRe0.35±0.11(1)(2)85.7±2.25(1)(2)0.88±0.16(2)0.89±0.11(1)(2)36.83±0.40(1)(2)64 N1.60±0.1857.03±1.251.07±0.401.20±0.1838.13±0.
圖1 各組HCAECs ET-1mRNA表達(dá)比較Fig 1 ET-1 mRNA in each groupM:Marker;Lane l:N group;Lane 2:KD group;Lane 3:KD+antiRe group;Lane 4:Re group;Lane 5-8:β-actin.
圖2 各組eNOSmRNA表達(dá)Fig 2 eNOS mRNA in each groupM:Marker;Lane 1:KD+antiRe group;Lane 2:KD group;Lane 3:N group;Lane 4:Re group.
KD的主要病理改變?yōu)槿硌苎装Y,其主要并發(fā)癥為冠狀動(dòng)脈損害,如冠狀動(dòng)脈擴(kuò)張、冠狀動(dòng)脈瘤等,嚴(yán)重者可導(dǎo)致死亡[5],已成為兒童后天性心臟病的主要原因。KD發(fā)生冠狀動(dòng)脈損傷的機(jī)制目前尚不完全清楚,但多項(xiàng)臨床及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明內(nèi)皮功能障礙參與了其病理過(guò)程[6]。
脂肪因子參與免疫反應(yīng)及炎癥過(guò)程,可調(diào)節(jié)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能及血管內(nèi)環(huán)境穩(wěn)態(tài)[7],其中抵抗素是存在于血清中的富含半胱氨酸的分泌性蛋白,與單核細(xì)胞和巨噬細(xì)胞的功能有關(guān)[8-9],抵抗素表達(dá)增高可作為炎癥標(biāo)志[10]。臨床也發(fā)現(xiàn)冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化患者血清中抵抗素大量增加[11]。課題組前期研究及其他研究已證實(shí),KD急性期,尤其是伴有冠狀動(dòng)脈損害的患兒血清中抵抗素水平明顯升高[3,12]。正常血漿中抵抗素約為10 ng/m L,而KD伴有動(dòng)脈瘤形成的患兒血漿中抵抗素可高達(dá)37 ng/m L,提示抵抗素可能與KD冠脈內(nèi)皮病變有關(guān)。
ET-1是一種經(jīng)典的內(nèi)皮衍生的縮血管活性物質(zhì),病理狀態(tài)時(shí)大量合成和釋放,導(dǎo)致多種心血管疾病,如心力衰竭、冠脈粥樣硬化[13-14]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)KD患者血漿中ET-1明顯增高[15]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果中KD組和Re組刺激HCAEC 24 h后,ET-1表達(dá)明顯增高,提示在川崎病急性期,抵抗素可能會(huì)刺激HCAEC中ET-1上調(diào),進(jìn)一步影響HCAEC功能。
NO具有廣泛的生理作用,生理劑量NO可以維持血管的正常張力,病理濃度則可引起血管持續(xù)擴(kuò)張,引發(fā)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、心力衰竭、血管炎等疾病,另一方面也可對(duì)細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生毒性作用[16]。一氧化氮合酶(nitricoxide synthase,NOS)是催化NO合成的關(guān)鍵酶,包括包括誘導(dǎo)型NOS(induciblenitricoxide synthase,iNOS)、神 經(jīng) 元 型 NOS (nervous nitricoxide synthase,NOS)和eNOS等3種亞型,eNOS在血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、心肌細(xì)胞、血小板等多種細(xì)胞上均有表達(dá),在NO的生成過(guò)程中也具有重要作用[17-18]。病理狀態(tài)時(shí),e NOS生成障礙或者表達(dá)降低,不僅會(huì)使血管內(nèi)皮舒張受損,還會(huì)加重動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化等的血管炎癥[19]。在KD冠脈瘤死亡患者的病理檢查中發(fā)現(xiàn)其HCAEC eNOS表達(dá)明顯降低,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于正常HCAEC表達(dá)[20]。也有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),抵抗素可降低eNOS表達(dá),同時(shí)降低NO生成量[21]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果中病理濃度抵抗素刺激HCAEC 24 h后,NO生成量、eNOS mRNA及蛋白水平均比N組下降,提示抵抗素可下調(diào)HCAEC中NO/eNOS。當(dāng)川崎病血清刺激HCAEC時(shí),eNOS m RNA及蛋白水平明顯下降,而經(jīng)抵抗素抗體干預(yù)后eNOS mRNA及蛋白水平、NO生成量升高,這提示川崎病NO/eNOS下調(diào)、HCAEC損傷可能與抵抗素的調(diào)節(jié)有關(guān)。
川崎病死亡病例病理檢查時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),HCAEC中eNOS幾乎不表達(dá),iNOS表達(dá)明顯升高[22]。iNOS也是誘導(dǎo)NO生成的關(guān)鍵酶,其在炎癥刺激時(shí)高表達(dá),提示了在川崎病冠脈損傷時(shí),大量生成的NO可能由iNOS高表達(dá)所誘導(dǎo),從而損傷冠脈;川崎病血清中含有多種因子,對(duì)NO的生成也有一定影響。這也解釋了本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果中川崎病血清刺激HCAEC后eNOS mRNA及蛋白水平下降,而NO生成量卻明顯升高。
綜上所述,本實(shí)驗(yàn)首次研究了川崎病血清中的抵抗素對(duì)HCAEC中ET-1及內(nèi)源性NO/eNOS的作用,結(jié)果顯示,抵抗素可能通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)ET-1表達(dá)升高及下調(diào)內(nèi)源性NO/e NOS對(duì)HCAEC造成影響。調(diào)節(jié)ET-1及eNOS的合成及釋放有多條通路,如AP-1,EMPK 通路等[23],抵抗素誘導(dǎo) ET-1及eNOS變化的具體機(jī)制有待進(jìn)一步研究。
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Role of resistin in serum of patients with Kawasaki disease(KD)on ET-1 and NO/eNOSin human coronary artery endothelial cells(HCAEC)
SI Fei-fei1,2,LIU Rui-xi1,2,XU Chun-hua1,2,SONG Si-jie,HU He-fen1,2,YI Qi-jian1△
(1Heart Center,Children′s Hospital of Chogqing Medical University,Chongqing400014,China;2Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorder Co-founded by Provincial Goverment and Ministry of Education-Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing-Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders,Chongqing400014,China)
kawasaki disease(KD); resistin; coronary artery; endothelial cell
R 725.4
A
10.3969/j.issn.1672-8467.2014.02.003
2013-05-27;編輯:沈玲)
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(81270412)
△Corresponding author E-mail:1105643760@qq.com
【Ahstract】 OhJectiveTo explore the relationship between resistin and lesion of coronary artery endothelial cell in children with Kawasaki disease(KD).MethodsCollected sera from patients inthe acute phase of KD those weren't treated with gamma globulin;Confluent monolayers of HCAEC were incubated in 4 groups:Normal serum group(N),KD serum group(KD),KD serum with antiresistin antibody group(KD+antiRe)and Resistin group(Re).After 24 hours,chemical colorimetry was used to detect NO production,and the mRNA expressions of ET-1 and eNOS were detected by real-time PCR.The protein expressions of restin and eNOS were detected by ELISA.ResultsThe resistin level:compared with N group,resistin production increased in KD group and Re group;while compared with Re group,they were decreased significantly in KD+antiRe group and KD group(P<0.05).The NO level:compared with N group,NO level significantly increased in KD group and KD+antiRe group(P<0.05),while it decreased in Re group(P<0.05),and the increment was more obviously in KD+antiRe group than in KD group(P<0.05).The expression of ET-1 mRNA:they were higher in KD group and Re group than in N group and KD+antiRe group(P<0.05),and there was no statistical significance between N group and KD+antiRe group,KD group and Re group.The expressions of eNOS mRNA and protein in KD group,Re group and KD+antiRe group were all lower than in N group(P<0.05),and the decreasement was more obviously in KD group than in Re group and KD+antiRe group(P<0.05).ConclusionsResistin may be involved in the occurrence and development of coronary artery endothelial cell in children with KD,and the mechanism may be associated with the regulation of ET1 and NO/eNOS expressions.
*This work was supported hy the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81270412).