趙玄

對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，是中考中的一種常見(jiàn)題型，主要考查針對(duì)句子中的某一成分提出問(wèn)題的能力。筆者結(jié)合自己十幾年的切身教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，就此類(lèi)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究與歸納，認(rèn)為做此類(lèi)題型就需要三步。下面我以這個(gè)句子為例：

I am playing computer games in my bedroom now.

第一步：一變（原句變成一般疑問(wèn)句）

要把一個(gè)陳述句變成一般疑問(wèn)句的形式很簡(jiǎn)單，我們又可以分為五種情況來(lái)分別對(duì)待：

1. 找be動(dòng)詞（am/is/are/was/were），有則放在句首；

2. 無(wú)be動(dòng)詞，則再找情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can/may/must/will/should/would/could/has/have等），有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞則直接將其提在句首；

3. 無(wú)be動(dòng)詞，無(wú)情動(dòng)，則再找是否有助動(dòng)詞（will/shall/would/have/has/had），有則直接放在句首；

4. 無(wú)be動(dòng)詞，無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也無(wú)助詞，則只有借助詞 助動(dòng)詞do，does或did放于疑問(wèn)詞后，且原實(shí)義動(dòng)詞形式要還原；例如：①Jim speaks English very well. → Does Jim speak English very well？ ②Mr Li taught him math last year. → Did Mr Li teach him math last year？

5. 變?nèi)朔Q(chēng)：原句中涉及第一人稱(chēng)的人稱(chēng)代詞、形容性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞要變成第二人稱(chēng)的對(duì)應(yīng)代詞；同樣，原句中涉及第二人稱(chēng)的人稱(chēng)代詞、形容性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞要變成第一人稱(chēng)的對(duì)應(yīng)代詞。例如：①I(mǎi) am playing computer games in my bedroom now. → Are you playing computer games in your bedroom now？ ②We did our homework carefully. → Did you do your homework carefully？

這一步是特別容易出錯(cuò)的一步，原句中所用的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞我們一定要仔細(xì)判斷，是be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞還是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞， 假如是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的話(huà)還要考慮時(shí)態(tài)，這個(gè)步驟很關(guān)鍵也是又一個(gè)需要細(xì)心和耐心的過(guò)程，解題時(shí)我們要穩(wěn)中求細(xì)，細(xì)中求準(zhǔn)。

第二步：二去 （將原句除劃線(xiàn)部分外的剩余部分抄下來(lái)，注意狀語(yǔ)從句部分可不抄）

這一步相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，就是在一般疑問(wèn)句中去掉劃線(xiàn)部分。例如：①I(mǎi) am playing computer games in my bedroom now. → Are you playing computer games in your bedroom now？ ②A(yíng)re you playing computer games in your bedroom now？ → Are you playing computer games now？

第三步：三選（在做題前首先要先認(rèn)真讀題、觀(guān)察劃線(xiàn)部分，以便確定該用什么樣的特殊疑問(wèn)詞。）這個(gè)步驟雖然簡(jiǎn)單，但卻相當(dāng)有必要，來(lái)不得半點(diǎn)馬虎，因?yàn)樗苯悠鸬搅藢?dǎo)航作用。

1. 對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)

對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)，只需找出一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡?wèn)詞代替劃線(xiàn)部分；句子的語(yǔ)序不變。疑問(wèn)詞用法口訣：

對(duì)物、人名、職業(yè)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)用what，對(duì)地點(diǎn)提問(wèn)用where，對(duì)關(guān)系提問(wèn)用who，對(duì)價(jià)格提問(wèn)用how much，對(duì)幾點(diǎn)幾分提問(wèn)用what time，對(duì)不是表示幾點(diǎn)幾分的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)用when，對(duì)年齡提問(wèn)用how old，對(duì)顏色提問(wèn)用what color， 對(duì)身體狀況提問(wèn)用 how，對(duì)人提問(wèn)用who（主格）或whom（賓格）， 對(duì)出行方式狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)用how，對(duì)星期提問(wèn)用what day，對(duì)日期提問(wèn)用what date，對(duì)天氣提問(wèn)用what （how） is the weather like，對(duì)相貌特征提問(wèn)用what...be...like，對(duì)四季提問(wèn)用which weather。

（1）主語(yǔ)是人，用who代替。例如：

Jim is a teacher. →Who is a teacher？

（2）主語(yǔ)是物用what 代替。

There is a book in the bag. →What is in the bag？

（注意：這里不能用What is there 或What are there）

2. 對(duì)謂語(yǔ)提問(wèn)（或?qū)χ^語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)）

例句：He eats an apple. →What does he do？

（1）do代替eat，what代替an apple；

（2）寫(xiě)下疑問(wèn)詞，主語(yǔ)是he，無(wú)be動(dòng)詞，選用助動(dòng)詞does，動(dòng)詞原形用do；

就I am playing computer games in my bedroom now. 這個(gè)句子為例，使用“一變、二去、三選”方法如下：

①I(mǎi) am playing computer games in my bedroom now.

→Are you playing computer games in your bedroom now？

②A(yíng)re you playing computer games in your bedroom now？ →Are you playing computer games now？

③Are you playing computer games in your bedroom now？ →Where Are you playing computer games now？ （in your bedroom是表示地點(diǎn)，所以提問(wèn)就用Where）

綜上所述，只要我們平時(shí)能夠嚴(yán)格按照“一變，二去，三選”來(lái)做就劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)的題型，我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)這類(lèi)試題如此簡(jiǎn)單。

張尹瓊. 疑問(wèn)代詞的非疑問(wèn)用法[D]. 復(fù)旦大學(xué)， 2005.