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        中國(guó)出口貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)三元邊際的測(cè)度分析

        2014-07-11 18:50:50任永磊高越
        經(jīng)濟(jì)研究導(dǎo)刊 2014年12期

        任永磊 高越

        摘 要:回顧和分析出口增長(zhǎng)分解的相關(guān)研究方法,并進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新,新方法有利于對(duì)兩個(gè)不同的時(shí)期進(jìn)行比較。通過(guò)將中國(guó)對(duì)主要國(guó)家的出口增長(zhǎng)分解為擴(kuò)展邊際、數(shù)量和價(jià)格三個(gè)方面,得出結(jié)論:從1995—2010年,中國(guó)出口增長(zhǎng)主要來(lái)自于數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng),貢獻(xiàn)度為66.81%;而出口價(jià)格年均增長(zhǎng)僅為1.55%,所以中國(guó)出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量改善比較有限。

        關(guān)鍵詞:出口增長(zhǎng);擴(kuò)展邊際;出口質(zhì)量

        中圖分類號(hào):F752.6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1673-291X(2014)12-0173-03

        引言

        新貿(mào)易理論誕生以來(lái),出口增長(zhǎng)方式成為國(guó)際貿(mào)易研究熱點(diǎn)之一。許多學(xué)者將一國(guó)的出口增長(zhǎng)分解為兩部分:一部分稱為擴(kuò)展邊際,指由出口產(chǎn)品種類的變化帶來(lái)的出口增長(zhǎng);另一部分是稱為集約邊際,是指原有出口產(chǎn)品種類保持不變,而由于出口數(shù)量改變而帶來(lái)的出口增長(zhǎng)。一、相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)回顧

        第二類主要研究質(zhì)量(價(jià)格作為衡量產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的指標(biāo))對(duì)出口貿(mào)易影響;Hallak (2006)擴(kuò)展DS效用函數(shù),利用1995年60個(gè)國(guó)家的面板數(shù)據(jù),從需求層面研究質(zhì)量對(duì)雙邊貿(mào)易的影響,結(jié)果表明富裕的國(guó)家從質(zhì)量較高的國(guó)家進(jìn)口較多的產(chǎn)品。

        結(jié)束語(yǔ)

        在開放經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,為轉(zhuǎn)變出口發(fā)展方式,必須深入了解出口增長(zhǎng)的方式及其決定因素。利用新的計(jì)算方法,結(jié)合HS-6位數(shù)國(guó)際貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù),將出口增長(zhǎng)拆分為三元邊際:擴(kuò)展邊際,數(shù)量和價(jià)格進(jìn)行了計(jì)算。從1995—2010年,中國(guó)出口增長(zhǎng)主要來(lái)自于數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng)。這段時(shí)期內(nèi),數(shù)量、價(jià)格和擴(kuò)展邊際對(duì)出口增長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)度分別為66.81%、18.89%和14.3%。從1995—2010年,中國(guó)相對(duì)于世界其他國(guó)家的出口價(jià)格年均增長(zhǎng)1.55%,考慮到中國(guó)出口產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的改善也推高了產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格,中國(guó)出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的改善比較有限。在中國(guó),出口發(fā)展方式的轉(zhuǎn)變是指出口增長(zhǎng)從主要依賴于數(shù)量擴(kuò)張轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐蕾囉诔隹诋a(chǎn)品種類的增加、出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的提高和出口產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化等方面。為推動(dòng)中國(guó)出口發(fā)展方式的轉(zhuǎn)變,推動(dòng)出口產(chǎn)品種類的增加和提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量是重要的途徑。

        參考文獻(xiàn):

        [1] Amiti Mary,F(xiàn)reund Caroline.An Anatomy of China's Export Growth.in Robert C.Feenstra and Shang-Jin Wei,(Eds.) Chinas Growing

        Role in World Trade [J].the University of Chicago Press,2010,(35).

        [2] Besedes Tibor,Prusa Thomas J.The Role of Extensive and Intensive Margins and Export Growth [J].Journal of Development Economics,

        2011.96 (2).

        [3] Feenstra Robert C.New Product Varieties and the Measurement of International Prices [J].American Economic Review,1994,84(1).

        [4] Foster Neil,Poeschl Johannes,Stehrer Robert.The impact of Preferential Trade Agreements on the margins of international trade[J].

        Economic Systems,2011,35(1),84-97.

        [5] Hallak J.Estimating Cross-Country Difference in Product Quality [J].NBER Working Paper,2008,No.13807.

        [6] Hausman et al.What You Export Matters [J].Journal of Economics Growth,2007,12(1).

        [7] Hummels David,Klenow Peter L.The Variety and Quality of a Nation's Exports [J].The American Economic Review,2005,95(3).

        [8] Kehoe Timothy J,Ruhl Kim J.How Important Is the New Goods Margin in International Trade? Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis

        Research Department Staff Report,2009,324.

        [9] Melitz M.The Impact of Trade on Intra-industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity [J].Econometrica,2003,71(6).

        [10] Schott Peter K.The relative sophistication of Chinese exports [J].Economic Policy,2008.

        [11] Xu Bin.The sophistication of exports:Is China special?[J].China Economic Review,2010.

        [12] 錢學(xué)鋒,熊平.中國(guó)出口增長(zhǎng)的二元邊際及其決定因素[J].經(jīng)濟(jì)研究,2010,(1).

        [13] 施炳展.中國(guó)出口增長(zhǎng)的三元邊際[J].經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(季刊),2010,(4).

        Abstract:This paper reviews and summarizes the method of export growth decomposition,and does some innovation.The new method is helpful for the comparison of two different periods.We decomposes the growth of Chinas export into three parts:growth in the extensive margin,increased quantity and increased prices.From 1995 to 2010,Chinas export growth was mainly driven by quantity growth with a contribution of 66.81%,however,the average annual growth rate of price is only 1.55%.We arrive at the conclusions:Chinas export quality has little improved in this period.

        Key words:export growth;extensive margin;export quality

        [責(zé)任編輯 王玉妹]endprint

        摘 要:回顧和分析出口增長(zhǎng)分解的相關(guān)研究方法,并進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新,新方法有利于對(duì)兩個(gè)不同的時(shí)期進(jìn)行比較。通過(guò)將中國(guó)對(duì)主要國(guó)家的出口增長(zhǎng)分解為擴(kuò)展邊際、數(shù)量和價(jià)格三個(gè)方面,得出結(jié)論:從1995—2010年,中國(guó)出口增長(zhǎng)主要來(lái)自于數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng),貢獻(xiàn)度為66.81%;而出口價(jià)格年均增長(zhǎng)僅為1.55%,所以中國(guó)出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量改善比較有限。

        關(guān)鍵詞:出口增長(zhǎng);擴(kuò)展邊際;出口質(zhì)量

        中圖分類號(hào):F752.6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1673-291X(2014)12-0173-03

        引言

        新貿(mào)易理論誕生以來(lái),出口增長(zhǎng)方式成為國(guó)際貿(mào)易研究熱點(diǎn)之一。許多學(xué)者將一國(guó)的出口增長(zhǎng)分解為兩部分:一部分稱為擴(kuò)展邊際,指由出口產(chǎn)品種類的變化帶來(lái)的出口增長(zhǎng);另一部分是稱為集約邊際,是指原有出口產(chǎn)品種類保持不變,而由于出口數(shù)量改變而帶來(lái)的出口增長(zhǎng)。一、相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)回顧

        第二類主要研究質(zhì)量(價(jià)格作為衡量產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的指標(biāo))對(duì)出口貿(mào)易影響;Hallak (2006)擴(kuò)展DS效用函數(shù),利用1995年60個(gè)國(guó)家的面板數(shù)據(jù),從需求層面研究質(zhì)量對(duì)雙邊貿(mào)易的影響,結(jié)果表明富裕的國(guó)家從質(zhì)量較高的國(guó)家進(jìn)口較多的產(chǎn)品。

        結(jié)束語(yǔ)

        在開放經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,為轉(zhuǎn)變出口發(fā)展方式,必須深入了解出口增長(zhǎng)的方式及其決定因素。利用新的計(jì)算方法,結(jié)合HS-6位數(shù)國(guó)際貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù),將出口增長(zhǎng)拆分為三元邊際:擴(kuò)展邊際,數(shù)量和價(jià)格進(jìn)行了計(jì)算。從1995—2010年,中國(guó)出口增長(zhǎng)主要來(lái)自于數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng)。這段時(shí)期內(nèi),數(shù)量、價(jià)格和擴(kuò)展邊際對(duì)出口增長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)度分別為66.81%、18.89%和14.3%。從1995—2010年,中國(guó)相對(duì)于世界其他國(guó)家的出口價(jià)格年均增長(zhǎng)1.55%,考慮到中國(guó)出口產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的改善也推高了產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格,中國(guó)出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的改善比較有限。在中國(guó),出口發(fā)展方式的轉(zhuǎn)變是指出口增長(zhǎng)從主要依賴于數(shù)量擴(kuò)張轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐蕾囉诔隹诋a(chǎn)品種類的增加、出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的提高和出口產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化等方面。為推動(dòng)中國(guó)出口發(fā)展方式的轉(zhuǎn)變,推動(dòng)出口產(chǎn)品種類的增加和提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量是重要的途徑。

        參考文獻(xiàn):

        [1] Amiti Mary,F(xiàn)reund Caroline.An Anatomy of China's Export Growth.in Robert C.Feenstra and Shang-Jin Wei,(Eds.) Chinas Growing

        Role in World Trade [J].the University of Chicago Press,2010,(35).

        [2] Besedes Tibor,Prusa Thomas J.The Role of Extensive and Intensive Margins and Export Growth [J].Journal of Development Economics,

        2011.96 (2).

        [3] Feenstra Robert C.New Product Varieties and the Measurement of International Prices [J].American Economic Review,1994,84(1).

        [4] Foster Neil,Poeschl Johannes,Stehrer Robert.The impact of Preferential Trade Agreements on the margins of international trade[J].

        Economic Systems,2011,35(1),84-97.

        [5] Hallak J.Estimating Cross-Country Difference in Product Quality [J].NBER Working Paper,2008,No.13807.

        [6] Hausman et al.What You Export Matters [J].Journal of Economics Growth,2007,12(1).

        [7] Hummels David,Klenow Peter L.The Variety and Quality of a Nation's Exports [J].The American Economic Review,2005,95(3).

        [8] Kehoe Timothy J,Ruhl Kim J.How Important Is the New Goods Margin in International Trade? Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis

        Research Department Staff Report,2009,324.

        [9] Melitz M.The Impact of Trade on Intra-industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity [J].Econometrica,2003,71(6).

        [10] Schott Peter K.The relative sophistication of Chinese exports [J].Economic Policy,2008.

        [11] Xu Bin.The sophistication of exports:Is China special?[J].China Economic Review,2010.

        [12] 錢學(xué)鋒,熊平.中國(guó)出口增長(zhǎng)的二元邊際及其決定因素[J].經(jīng)濟(jì)研究,2010,(1).

        [13] 施炳展.中國(guó)出口增長(zhǎng)的三元邊際[J].經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(季刊),2010,(4).

        Abstract:This paper reviews and summarizes the method of export growth decomposition,and does some innovation.The new method is helpful for the comparison of two different periods.We decomposes the growth of Chinas export into three parts:growth in the extensive margin,increased quantity and increased prices.From 1995 to 2010,Chinas export growth was mainly driven by quantity growth with a contribution of 66.81%,however,the average annual growth rate of price is only 1.55%.We arrive at the conclusions:Chinas export quality has little improved in this period.

        Key words:export growth;extensive margin;export quality

        [責(zé)任編輯 王玉妹]endprint

        摘 要:回顧和分析出口增長(zhǎng)分解的相關(guān)研究方法,并進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新,新方法有利于對(duì)兩個(gè)不同的時(shí)期進(jìn)行比較。通過(guò)將中國(guó)對(duì)主要國(guó)家的出口增長(zhǎng)分解為擴(kuò)展邊際、數(shù)量和價(jià)格三個(gè)方面,得出結(jié)論:從1995—2010年,中國(guó)出口增長(zhǎng)主要來(lái)自于數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng),貢獻(xiàn)度為66.81%;而出口價(jià)格年均增長(zhǎng)僅為1.55%,所以中國(guó)出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量改善比較有限。

        關(guān)鍵詞:出口增長(zhǎng);擴(kuò)展邊際;出口質(zhì)量

        中圖分類號(hào):F752.6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1673-291X(2014)12-0173-03

        引言

        新貿(mào)易理論誕生以來(lái),出口增長(zhǎng)方式成為國(guó)際貿(mào)易研究熱點(diǎn)之一。許多學(xué)者將一國(guó)的出口增長(zhǎng)分解為兩部分:一部分稱為擴(kuò)展邊際,指由出口產(chǎn)品種類的變化帶來(lái)的出口增長(zhǎng);另一部分是稱為集約邊際,是指原有出口產(chǎn)品種類保持不變,而由于出口數(shù)量改變而帶來(lái)的出口增長(zhǎng)。一、相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)回顧

        第二類主要研究質(zhì)量(價(jià)格作為衡量產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的指標(biāo))對(duì)出口貿(mào)易影響;Hallak (2006)擴(kuò)展DS效用函數(shù),利用1995年60個(gè)國(guó)家的面板數(shù)據(jù),從需求層面研究質(zhì)量對(duì)雙邊貿(mào)易的影響,結(jié)果表明富裕的國(guó)家從質(zhì)量較高的國(guó)家進(jìn)口較多的產(chǎn)品。

        結(jié)束語(yǔ)

        在開放經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,為轉(zhuǎn)變出口發(fā)展方式,必須深入了解出口增長(zhǎng)的方式及其決定因素。利用新的計(jì)算方法,結(jié)合HS-6位數(shù)國(guó)際貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù),將出口增長(zhǎng)拆分為三元邊際:擴(kuò)展邊際,數(shù)量和價(jià)格進(jìn)行了計(jì)算。從1995—2010年,中國(guó)出口增長(zhǎng)主要來(lái)自于數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng)。這段時(shí)期內(nèi),數(shù)量、價(jià)格和擴(kuò)展邊際對(duì)出口增長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)度分別為66.81%、18.89%和14.3%。從1995—2010年,中國(guó)相對(duì)于世界其他國(guó)家的出口價(jià)格年均增長(zhǎng)1.55%,考慮到中國(guó)出口產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的改善也推高了產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格,中國(guó)出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的改善比較有限。在中國(guó),出口發(fā)展方式的轉(zhuǎn)變是指出口增長(zhǎng)從主要依賴于數(shù)量擴(kuò)張轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐蕾囉诔隹诋a(chǎn)品種類的增加、出口產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的提高和出口產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化等方面。為推動(dòng)中國(guó)出口發(fā)展方式的轉(zhuǎn)變,推動(dòng)出口產(chǎn)品種類的增加和提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量是重要的途徑。

        參考文獻(xiàn):

        [1] Amiti Mary,F(xiàn)reund Caroline.An Anatomy of China's Export Growth.in Robert C.Feenstra and Shang-Jin Wei,(Eds.) Chinas Growing

        Role in World Trade [J].the University of Chicago Press,2010,(35).

        [2] Besedes Tibor,Prusa Thomas J.The Role of Extensive and Intensive Margins and Export Growth [J].Journal of Development Economics,

        2011.96 (2).

        [3] Feenstra Robert C.New Product Varieties and the Measurement of International Prices [J].American Economic Review,1994,84(1).

        [4] Foster Neil,Poeschl Johannes,Stehrer Robert.The impact of Preferential Trade Agreements on the margins of international trade[J].

        Economic Systems,2011,35(1),84-97.

        [5] Hallak J.Estimating Cross-Country Difference in Product Quality [J].NBER Working Paper,2008,No.13807.

        [6] Hausman et al.What You Export Matters [J].Journal of Economics Growth,2007,12(1).

        [7] Hummels David,Klenow Peter L.The Variety and Quality of a Nation's Exports [J].The American Economic Review,2005,95(3).

        [8] Kehoe Timothy J,Ruhl Kim J.How Important Is the New Goods Margin in International Trade? Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis

        Research Department Staff Report,2009,324.

        [9] Melitz M.The Impact of Trade on Intra-industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity [J].Econometrica,2003,71(6).

        [10] Schott Peter K.The relative sophistication of Chinese exports [J].Economic Policy,2008.

        [11] Xu Bin.The sophistication of exports:Is China special?[J].China Economic Review,2010.

        [12] 錢學(xué)鋒,熊平.中國(guó)出口增長(zhǎng)的二元邊際及其決定因素[J].經(jīng)濟(jì)研究,2010,(1).

        [13] 施炳展.中國(guó)出口增長(zhǎng)的三元邊際[J].經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(季刊),2010,(4).

        Abstract:This paper reviews and summarizes the method of export growth decomposition,and does some innovation.The new method is helpful for the comparison of two different periods.We decomposes the growth of Chinas export into three parts:growth in the extensive margin,increased quantity and increased prices.From 1995 to 2010,Chinas export growth was mainly driven by quantity growth with a contribution of 66.81%,however,the average annual growth rate of price is only 1.55%.We arrive at the conclusions:Chinas export quality has little improved in this period.

        Key words:export growth;extensive margin;export quality

        [責(zé)任編輯 王玉妹]endprint

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