劉穎
一、基本用法
used to do sth. 意思是“過(guò)去常常做某事”,表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),側(cè)重于過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比,暗指現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)只有一種形式,即過(guò)去式,用于所有人稱。注意此時(shí)used to后面用的是動(dòng)詞原形。例如:
I used to go swimming on Saturdays.
我過(guò)去常在星期六去游泳。
Life here is much easier than it used to be.
這兒的生活比過(guò)去容易多了。
二、句式變換
used to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)變否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)可以有兩種形式:一是借助助動(dòng)詞did來(lái)完成——“didnt use to”“Did … use to …”;二是在used后加not(可以縮寫(xiě)成usednt),以及把used提到主語(yǔ)前面。例如:
Mrs Green used to eat rice for lunch.
格林夫人過(guò)去午飯常吃米飯。
否定句:Mrs Green didnt use to eat rice for lunch.
Mrs Green used not / usednt to eat rice for lunch.
疑問(wèn)句:Did Mrs Green use to eat rice for lunch?
Yes,she did. / No,she didnt.
Used Mrs Green to eat rice for lunch?
Yes , sheusedto . / No,she usedntto.
三、相似結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)別
be used to do sth.這個(gè)短語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),表示某物的使用,意思是“(某物)被用來(lái)做某事”。注意:to后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形。例如:
The wood is used to make desks and chairs.
木頭用來(lái)做桌子和椅子。
Is a knife used to cut things?
刀是用來(lái)切東西的嗎?
be used to sth. / doing sth.
表示“已經(jīng)一關(guān)于做某事”,指某個(gè)動(dòng)作過(guò)去不常做而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)習(xí)慣做了,強(qiáng)調(diào)目前的情況。注意:to是介詞,后面跟名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。有時(shí)動(dòng)詞be也可以換用get,側(cè)重說(shuō)明從不習(xí)慣到習(xí)慣。例如:
Ive lived in London for six years now,so Im quite used to the traffic.
現(xiàn)在我在倫敦住了六年了,所以我對(duì)交通很習(xí)慣了。
Youll soon get used to living in the country.
你很快就會(huì)習(xí)慣住在農(nóng)村的。
be used as.這個(gè)短語(yǔ)表示“被用來(lái)當(dāng)作……”,是個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。注意:as表示主語(yǔ)是什么。例如:
English is used as the second language in many countries.
英語(yǔ)在很多國(guó)家被用作第二語(yǔ)言。
This book can be used as a textbook.
這本書(shū)可用作教科書(shū)。
be used by.這個(gè)短語(yǔ)意思是“被……使用”,也是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。注意:by表示使用者是誰(shuí)。例如:
The desk was used by Mr Lu Xun.
這張書(shū)桌是魯迅先生使用過(guò)的。
Was the pen used by Jackie Chan in that film?
成龍?jiān)谀遣侩娪袄镉眠^(guò)這支鋼筆嗎?
四、與would的區(qū)別
would也可以用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去一段時(shí)間中經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性和習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,但是它沒(méi)有used to do那種過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在對(duì)比的用法。例如:
He would sit for hours saying nothing.
他往往會(huì)一坐幾個(gè)小時(shí)不說(shuō)一句話。
There used to be one shop in the village,but now there are ten ones.
村子里過(guò)去只有一家商店,但現(xiàn)在有十家。
would只能用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù)性,不能用來(lái)指某一狀態(tài)或情況,而used to do既可指動(dòng)作也可指狀態(tài)或情況。例如:
I used to have a house here.
我以前在這兒有座房子。(暗示現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有了,這個(gè)時(shí)候不能用would表達(dá))
精選練習(xí):
1.Miss Li ______ go to hospital,but now she is in good health.
A.has to B.need to
C.used toD.ought to
2.She used to _____ with her parents,but now she is used to _____ with her classmates at school.
A.live;livingB.live;live
C.living;livingD.living;live
3.There ______ a lot of red-crowned cranes in this area.
A.was used to B.was used to be
C.used to D.used to be
4.______ Ben ______ to go to the cinema at weekends?
A.Does;useB.Did;use
C.Used;does D.Used;did
5.Stamps are ______ letters.
A.used sending B.used to sending C.used to sendD.used to sent
Keys:
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C
endprint