汪國(guó)友 沈驊睿 曾勝?gòu)?qiáng) 徐平 鄧凱 扶世杰
全關(guān)節(jié)鏡下治療肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位
汪國(guó)友 沈驊睿 曾勝?gòu)?qiáng) 徐平 鄧凱 扶世杰
目的探討RockwoodⅢ型急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位治療方法,并比較兩種喙鎖韌帶重建的臨床療效。方法回顧性分析自2010年1月至2013年6月收治的29例RockwoodⅢ型急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位患者資料。經(jīng)隨機(jī)分組,其中16例在全關(guān)節(jié)鏡下行自體半腱肌肌腱重建喙鎖、肩鎖韌帶(自體韌帶組),13例在全關(guān)節(jié)鏡下行雙Endobutton鋼板結(jié)合愛(ài)惜幫線重建喙鎖韌帶(愛(ài)惜幫線組)。比較兩組患者末次隨訪時(shí)的Constant評(píng)分及CC-Dist值的改善率。結(jié)果29例患者術(shù)后獲得1~4年(平均2.5年)隨訪。末次隨訪時(shí)自體韌帶組和愛(ài)惜幫線組患者Constant評(píng)分改善率分別為47.31%和47.01%,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.136,P=0.893)。自體韌帶組和愛(ài)惜幫線組患者CC-Dist值改善率分別為38.51%和43.16%,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=-2.895,P =0.007)。結(jié)論全關(guān)節(jié)鏡下行自體半腱肌肌腱重建喙鎖、肩鎖韌帶和雙Endobutton鋼板結(jié)合愛(ài)惜幫線重建喙鎖韌帶均能有效改善肩關(guān)節(jié)功能,兩者各有優(yōu)勢(shì)。
關(guān)節(jié)鏡;韌帶重建;肩鎖關(guān)節(jié);脫位
肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位是臨床上較為常見(jiàn)的損傷,特別是運(yùn)動(dòng)員,占肩部損傷的9%~12%。按Rockwood分型,Ⅲ型損傷的治療仍未達(dá)成共識(shí),即使選擇手術(shù)治療,由于肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)是一種非剛性微動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié),目前仍無(wú)公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手術(shù)方法[1]。近年來(lái),部分傳統(tǒng)的切開(kāi)內(nèi)固定手術(shù)方式已逐漸發(fā)展為關(guān)節(jié)鏡下微創(chuàng)手術(shù),使肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位的患者得到滿意的康復(fù)。本研究就關(guān)節(jié)鏡下自體韌帶重建喙鎖、肩鎖韌帶,愛(ài)惜幫線重建喙鎖韌帶兩種手術(shù)方式治療RockwoodⅢ~Ⅴ型新鮮肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位的術(shù)后影像學(xué)、臨床療效及并發(fā)癥等方面進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。
一、一般資料
自2008年1月至2013年6月收治的新鮮RockwoodⅢ~Ⅴ型肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位患者。經(jīng)隨機(jī)分組,其中16例在全關(guān)節(jié)鏡下行自體半腱肌肌腱重建喙鎖、肩鎖韌帶(自體韌帶組),男性12例,女性4例,年齡16~62歲,平均39.8歲,隨訪時(shí)間9~39個(gè)月,平均隨訪25.6個(gè)月;13例在全關(guān)節(jié)鏡下行雙Endobutton鋼板結(jié)合愛(ài)惜幫線重建喙鎖韌帶(愛(ài)惜幫線組),其中男性9例,女性4例,年齡19~57歲,平均36.5歲,隨訪時(shí)間12~35個(gè)月,平均隨訪19.6個(gè)月。致傷原因:交通傷12例,運(yùn)動(dòng)傷9例,摔傷4例,重物砸傷2例,其他傷2例。受傷至手術(shù)時(shí)間為3~11d,平均6.0d。合并肩關(guān)節(jié)SLAP損傷8例(自體韌帶組5例,愛(ài)惜幫線組3例),合并肩袖損傷3例(自體韌帶組1例,愛(ài)惜幫線組2例),合并盂肱關(guān)節(jié)軟骨損傷2例(自體韌帶組1例,愛(ài)惜幫線組1例),合并Bankert損傷2例(均為自體韌帶組),合并關(guān)節(jié)盂骨折1例(愛(ài)惜幫線組)。兩組患者的年齡、性別、致傷原因、損傷側(cè)別及受傷至手術(shù)時(shí)間等比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
二、方法
(一)關(guān)節(jié)鏡下自體半腱肌肌腱重建喙鎖韌帶及肩鎖韌帶
所有患者均在氣管插管全麻下手術(shù),置75°沙灘椅體位,標(biāo)記出喙突、肩峰、鎖骨遠(yuǎn)端前后緣等骨性標(biāo)志及肩關(guān)節(jié)后側(cè)、外側(cè)、前外側(cè)、前內(nèi)側(cè)和上方入路。常規(guī)消毒鋪巾后,再次鋪防水U型單。首先取同側(cè)半腱肌肌腱,并用強(qiáng)生2號(hào)線將其編織成雙股總直徑為4.5~5.5mm備用。具體步驟:(1)暴露喙突:自后側(cè)入路插入關(guān)節(jié)鏡,探查盂肱關(guān)節(jié),然后自外側(cè)入路插入關(guān)節(jié)鏡,前外側(cè)入路插入刨刀,刨除喙突基底部周圍部分軟組織,同時(shí)應(yīng)用等離子刀電切、電凝止血,充分暴露喙突基底部。(2)建立鎖骨、喙突基底部及肩峰端骨隧道:用2枚腰穿針距鎖骨遠(yuǎn)端3.5cm處確定其前后緣并標(biāo)記。于標(biāo)記中點(diǎn)處做一皮膚小切口以建立骨隧道。自前內(nèi)側(cè)入路插入重建膝關(guān)節(jié)前交叉韌帶導(dǎo)向器,并置于喙突基底部中心及鎖骨上表面中心,應(yīng)用直徑為2mm導(dǎo)向針從鎖骨向喙突基底部,再沿導(dǎo)向針用直徑與移植肌腱直徑約相等空心鉆頭鉆取骨隧道,置入牽引線,并用抓線鉗將其從鎖骨隧道抓出;用直徑為2mm導(dǎo)向針于肩鎖韌帶肩峰端附著處外側(cè)鉆孔,再用適宜直徑空心鉆沿其鉆肩峰隧道。(3)置入并固定移植肌腱:應(yīng)用引線將帶有1枚Endobutton微鋼板的移植肌腱依次引入鎖骨隧道及喙突基底部隧道,當(dāng)其通過(guò)喙突骨隧道后,翻轉(zhuǎn)Endobutton,將其穩(wěn)定懸掛于喙突基底部;移植肌腱另一端逐漸拉緊并下壓鎖骨遠(yuǎn)端,使肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)復(fù)位,位置滿意后,自鎖骨隧道擰入1枚擠壓螺釘,固定所移植的肌腱,應(yīng)用肌腱末端的編織縫合線將其余肌腱拉入肩峰骨隧道,反折并應(yīng)用編織縫合線打結(jié)固定,沖洗傷口,逐層縫合。
(二)關(guān)節(jié)鏡下雙Endobutton鋼板結(jié)合愛(ài)惜幫線重建喙鎖韌帶
關(guān)節(jié)鏡下的暴露與隧道的制備同自體韌帶組,在導(dǎo)向器引導(dǎo)下,經(jīng)鎖骨中點(diǎn)向喙突根部中心打入1枚2mm導(dǎo)針,用4.5mm空心鉆頭沿導(dǎo)針擴(kuò)孔建立鎖骨和喙突根部之間的骨隧道,隧道內(nèi)留置1根牽引線。用1根5號(hào)愛(ài)惜邦縫線將兩枚鈕扣鋼板往返串聯(lián),并使2枚鋼板間形成4股愛(ài)惜邦縫線的滑動(dòng)鏈接。將不帶尾線一端的鈕扣鋼板經(jīng)鎖骨孔用牽引線導(dǎo)入喙突根部并翻轉(zhuǎn)。調(diào)整好鎖骨及喙突根部2個(gè)鈕扣的方向后,使鈕扣完全卡壓在鎖骨的上表面和喙突根部下表面,外展肩關(guān)節(jié),下壓鎖骨使肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)復(fù)位,收緊愛(ài)惜邦尾線并打結(jié)固定,關(guān)閉切口。
(三)術(shù)后處理
兩組患者術(shù)后以頸腕吊帶制動(dòng)患肢6周。術(shù)后即刻活動(dòng)肘關(guān)節(jié)及腕關(guān)節(jié),2周時(shí)開(kāi)始肩關(guān)節(jié)被動(dòng)活動(dòng)鍛煉,6~8周后開(kāi)始進(jìn)行肩關(guān)節(jié)主動(dòng)及抗阻肌力鍛煉。6個(gè)月后開(kāi)始從事接觸性體育活動(dòng)。
(四)療效評(píng)價(jià)
根據(jù)臨床查體、X線檢查、CC-Dist值測(cè)量[2]、改善率及Constant標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)分進(jìn)行療效評(píng)價(jià)[3]。Constant評(píng)分由以下8部分構(gòu)成:患肩是否疼痛(15分),日常活動(dòng)情況(20分),肩關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)范圍(40分)(外旋、內(nèi)旋、外展、前屈,每項(xiàng)10分),力量測(cè)試(25分),其中客觀評(píng)分占65%,主觀評(píng)分占35%。總的分?jǐn)?shù)越高,說(shuō)明肩關(guān)節(jié)功能越好。優(yōu):≥90分;良:80~89分;一般:70~79分;差≤70分。
(五)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
所有資料采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。對(duì)兩治療組的影像學(xué)測(cè)量值、術(shù)后疼痛和功能評(píng)分等進(jìn)行比較,采用t檢驗(yàn)或χ2檢驗(yàn)將數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
隨訪1~4年,平均2.5年。自體韌帶組和愛(ài)惜幫線組Constant評(píng)分見(jiàn)表1,術(shù)后改善率分別為47.31%和47.01%,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.136,P>0.05)。自體韌帶組和愛(ài)惜幫線組CC-Dist值見(jiàn)表2,術(shù)后改善率分別為38.51%和47.46%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=-2.895,P <0.05)。
表1 兩組手術(shù)前、后Constant評(píng)分比較(±s)
表1 兩組手術(shù)前、后Constant評(píng)分比較(±s)
組別 例數(shù) 疼痛 日常生活 活動(dòng)范圍術(shù)前 術(shù)后 改善率(%) 術(shù)前 術(shù)后 改善率(%) 術(shù)前 術(shù)后 改善率(%)自 體 韌 帶 組 16 5.81±1.33 12.69±1.30 53.21 8.13±0.96 15.88±2.03 48.19 17.81±1.68 36.13±1.36 50.63愛(ài) 惜 幫 線 組 13 5.75±1.26 13.08±1.19 55.67 8.46±1.20 15.54±2.07 44.26 17.54±1.20 36.15±1.28 51.43組別 例數(shù) 力量測(cè)試術(shù)前 術(shù)后 改善率(%)總分術(shù)前 術(shù)后 改善率(%)自 體 韌 帶 組 16 12.75±2.14 20.00±1.26 36.20 44.56±4.29 84.69±4.39 47.31愛(ài) 惜 幫 線 組 13 12.92±2.10 19.69±1.32 34.27 44.69±3.73 84.46±4.25 47.01
表2 兩組手術(shù)前、后CC-Dist值比較(mm,±s)
表2 兩組手術(shù)前、后CC-Dist值比較(mm,±s)
注:CC-Dist值為肩關(guān)節(jié)正位X線片喙突上平面與上鎖骨下平面的垂直距離
組別 例數(shù) 術(shù)前 術(shù)后 改善率(%)自體韌帶組 16 15.56±1.97 9.44±0.81 38.51愛(ài)惜幫線組 13 15.69±2.06 8.15±1.79 47.46
術(shù)后并發(fā)癥:兩組患者均有肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)復(fù)位的輕度丟失,其中自體韌帶組較愛(ài)惜幫線組略明顯,自體韌帶組4例,愛(ài)惜幫線組3例,自體韌帶組4例患者對(duì)外觀和功能均非常滿意。愛(ài)惜幫線組3例患者外觀和功能均無(wú)明顯異常,但2例患者訴肩部發(fā)緊,活動(dòng)上肢時(shí)肩部有酸脹不適感。
一、肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位治療方案選擇
肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)是由鎖骨遠(yuǎn)端與肩峰內(nèi)側(cè)面組成的非剛性、微動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié),其穩(wěn)定性主要由喙鎖韌帶、肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)囊及肩鎖韌帶維持,另外肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)盤及三角肌、斜方肌也起到一定作用,這些結(jié)構(gòu)協(xié)同作用,共同維持其穩(wěn)定性。肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位主要由外傷引起,好發(fā)于青壯年,與男性喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)。目前臨床對(duì)于肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位多采用Rockwood分型,多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為RockwoodⅠ、Ⅱ型損傷應(yīng)保守治療,Ⅳ~Ⅵ型損傷應(yīng)該早期手術(shù)治療。與人體其他部分關(guān)節(jié)損傷修復(fù)手術(shù)的原則相同,目的是重建肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)的解剖、恢復(fù)肩關(guān)節(jié)功能。但對(duì)Ⅲ型損傷是采取保守治療還是手術(shù)治療仍存在爭(zhēng)議。Balke等[4]統(tǒng)計(jì)分析了2012年203名德國(guó)醫(yī)生對(duì)肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位的治療選擇結(jié)果顯示:大多數(shù)肩關(guān)節(jié)??漆t(yī)師以及創(chuàng)傷科醫(yī)生選擇手術(shù)治療,但是在手術(shù)方式的確定上沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一意見(jiàn)。Kienast等[5]調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),手術(shù)治療RockwoodⅢ型肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位后,肩關(guān)節(jié)功能可獲很好的恢復(fù)。Korsten等[6]的一項(xiàng)Meta分析發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然手術(shù)治療有較高的并發(fā)癥,但對(duì)于活動(dòng)范圍較大的年輕人,手術(shù)治療與非手術(shù)治療相比有一定的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
目前肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位的治療方式超過(guò)80多種,對(duì)于最佳手術(shù)方式一直是個(gè)充滿爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題。根據(jù)處理喙鎖韌帶的不同,大致可分為以下3類:(1)切開(kāi)或閉合復(fù)位內(nèi)固定術(shù),包括肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)固定、喙鎖內(nèi)固定、肩鎖及喙鎖的聯(lián)合內(nèi)固定。內(nèi)固定材料包括使用克氏針張力帶固定、螺釘及鎖骨鉤鋼板等。(2)肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)的解剖與非解剖重建,包括自體、異體韌帶的肩鎖及喙鎖韌帶重建,縫線的喙鎖韌帶重建、喙肩韌帶重建喙鎖韌帶(Weaver-Dunn technique)以及肱二頭肌短頭和喙肱肌的聯(lián)合腱重建喙鎖韌帶(Dewar technique)等。(3)鎖骨遠(yuǎn)端切除術(shù)。傳統(tǒng)的手術(shù)方式均以堅(jiān)強(qiáng)內(nèi)固定治療理念為主,而任何堅(jiān)強(qiáng)內(nèi)固定的手術(shù)方式都只是非解剖的治療方法,其并發(fā)癥較多,療效欠佳。Salem等[7]通過(guò)治療RockwoodⅢ和Ⅳ型肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位后認(rèn)為鎖骨鉤板內(nèi)固定可靠、手術(shù)簡(jiǎn)便、創(chuàng)傷較小,是一種較理想的內(nèi)固定方法。但Lin等[8]通過(guò)前瞻性地隨訪鎖骨遠(yuǎn)端骨折和肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位使用AO鎖骨鉤鋼板治療的患者,發(fā)現(xiàn)去除內(nèi)固定前,部分患者出現(xiàn)肩峰下撞擊綜合征、Constant-Murley和DASH評(píng)分明顯下降、肩袖損傷等并發(fā)癥。Takase等[9]通過(guò)改良Dewar手術(shù)、改良Cadenat手術(shù)以及喙鎖韌帶解剖重建三種方式對(duì)比分析后發(fā)現(xiàn):改良Cadenat手術(shù)雖能明顯提高手術(shù)療效,避免手術(shù)失敗及復(fù)位的丟失。但由于未能解剖重建喙鎖韌帶,恢復(fù)肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)的生理功能,與韌帶重建相比,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥較多。
(二)兩種術(shù)式重建的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)
1.全關(guān)節(jié)鏡下行自體半腱肌肌腱重建喙鎖、肩鎖韌帶:該手術(shù)方式為關(guān)節(jié)鏡下行喙鎖、肩鎖韌帶重建,其定位準(zhǔn)確,重建喙鎖韌帶的同時(shí)還完成對(duì)肩鎖韌帶的重建,基本接近解剖重建,符合肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)微動(dòng)的生物力學(xué)特性。愈來(lái)愈多的證據(jù)表明,應(yīng)該注重區(qū)分斜方韌帶和錐狀韌帶的生理功能,在手術(shù)時(shí)區(qū)別對(duì)待,改善關(guān)節(jié)水平面的穩(wěn)定性,以避免喙鎖韌帶單一整體重建所造成的鎖骨肩峰端向前脫位。通過(guò)對(duì)韌帶的重建使得肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)及喙突與鎖骨之間仍然可保持一定微動(dòng),實(shí)現(xiàn)肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)固定的同時(shí)又不“過(guò)分固定”的原則[10]。肩鎖關(guān)機(jī)韌帶重建材料來(lái)源于半腱肌肌腱,其生物力學(xué)研究顯示,半腱肌解剖重建抗拉力強(qiáng)度948N[11],高于喙鎖韌帶。為滿足力學(xué)要求,不易出現(xiàn)斷裂。同時(shí)半腱肌肌腱易于獲取,在供區(qū)影響小,而且擁有良好的生物學(xué)特征,無(wú)免疫排斥反應(yīng),擁有較好的生物安全性。由于該手術(shù)操作不涉及肩袖,術(shù)后不會(huì)出現(xiàn)肩峰撞擊樣疼痛,所以在術(shù)后早期可進(jìn)行功能鍛煉。同時(shí)不需再次手術(shù)取出內(nèi)固定。但其不足之處為治療費(fèi)用相對(duì)昂貴,鎖骨骨隧道處弱化了鎖骨承受的應(yīng)力,存在鎖骨骨折風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。另外該手術(shù)方式對(duì)骨隧道位置要求高。若重建經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足則有可能導(dǎo)致鎖骨骨隧道偏前或偏后,或應(yīng)用擠壓螺釘固定時(shí)可能將隧道擠破而導(dǎo)致固定失效。由于該方法為彈性固定,故可能出現(xiàn)因時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)而導(dǎo)致復(fù)位丟失的可能性。
2.全關(guān)節(jié)鏡下行雙Endobutton鋼板結(jié)合愛(ài)惜幫線重建喙鎖韌帶:該手術(shù)方式同樣符合解剖生理學(xué)方面的要求,其在力學(xué)強(qiáng)度、生物學(xué)原則以及對(duì)肩關(guān)節(jié)周圍軟組織等方面與韌帶重建均無(wú)明顯區(qū)別。該方法由于不屬于彈性固定,故不存在因時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)而導(dǎo)致復(fù)位丟失的可能。但該方法沒(méi)有真正生物性重建喙鎖韌帶,遠(yuǎn)期喙鎖間的穩(wěn)定主要依靠喙鎖韌帶的瘢痕愈合,故僅能應(yīng)用于新鮮的肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位,并有失敗的可能。而且存在愛(ài)惜幫線斷裂,縫線切割隧道等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
以上兩種方式中,韌帶重建組由于重建了喙鎖及肩鎖韌帶,是解剖重建,愛(ài)惜幫線組更接近于等長(zhǎng)重建。我們采取兩種方式治療RockwoodⅢ型急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位患者的結(jié)果分析可以看出,這兩種手術(shù)方式在恢復(fù)患者肩關(guān)節(jié)活動(dòng)范圍、日常生活以及改善患者疼痛等方面沒(méi)有明顯差異,其Constant評(píng)分總分未見(jiàn)明顯差異。但是我們?cè)陔S訪患者CC-Dist值時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),自體韌帶組其復(fù)位丟失高于愛(ài)惜幫線組,但是這種小范圍的復(fù)位丟失并沒(méi)有造成肩關(guān)節(jié)功能障礙以及影響患者日常生活。相反,復(fù)位丟失不明顯的愛(ài)惜幫線組在隨訪中發(fā)現(xiàn),部分患者感覺(jué)肩關(guān)節(jié)周圍軟組織“發(fā)緊”,活動(dòng)上肢時(shí)肩關(guān)節(jié)酸脹不適。所以我們認(rèn)為雖然自體韌帶組存在一定復(fù)位丟失,但是并未因此造成肩關(guān)節(jié)功能障礙,所以我們認(rèn)為這種復(fù)位丟失是可以接受的。
3.關(guān)節(jié)鏡在肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位中的優(yōu)勢(shì):自從2001年Wolf和Pennington首次報(bào)道在關(guān)節(jié)鏡下使用半腱肌肌腱重建喙鎖韌帶后,有人嘗試在關(guān)節(jié)鏡下完成各種喙鎖固定和重建手術(shù)。盡管沒(méi)有前瞻性的隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究的證據(jù),但多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為,關(guān)節(jié)鏡與開(kāi)放手術(shù)的原則相同,其優(yōu)勢(shì)在于經(jīng)皮微創(chuàng)操作,減少對(duì)三角肌和斜方肌的剝離[10]。我們認(rèn)為,肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位患者多數(shù)合并肩關(guān)節(jié)SLAP損傷、肩袖損傷、盂肱關(guān)節(jié)軟骨損傷、Bankert損傷及關(guān)節(jié)盂骨折等。本組病例合并傷高達(dá)55.18%。關(guān)節(jié)鏡除了手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷較小外,更重要的是可以同時(shí)處理肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位的合并傷,讓患者有更滿意的恢復(fù)。而且關(guān)節(jié)鏡下喙突基底部定位準(zhǔn)確,不易損傷周圍血管和神經(jīng),創(chuàng)傷小。但該方法對(duì)術(shù)中隧道的定位要求甚高,建議由非常有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的肩關(guān)節(jié)鏡醫(yī)生進(jìn)行,隧道位置不佳易引起鋼板滑動(dòng)或下陷于骨內(nèi),引起復(fù)位的部分丟失,如果反復(fù)調(diào)整隧道位置則易引起喙突骨折,導(dǎo)致手術(shù)失敗。
總之,全肩關(guān)節(jié)鏡下韌帶重建肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位,這種方法體現(xiàn)了微創(chuàng)和肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)解剖重建的治療思想,或許是今后治療發(fā)展的方向。
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Arthroscopic treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation
Wang Guoyou,Shen Huarui,Zeng Shengqiang,Xu Ping,Deng Kai,F(xiàn)u Shijie.Department of Orthopedics,Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Luzhou Medical College,Luzhou 646000,China
BackgroundThe dislocation of acromioclavicular joint is a common injury clinically.This study is to investigate the treatment of acute acromioclavicular joint dislocation(Rockwood typeⅢ)and compare the clinical effect of two different ways of coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction.MethodsWe select the patients with fresh Rockwood typeⅢto V dislocation of acromioclavicular joint from January 2008to June 2013.After randomization,16cases
the reconstruction of coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular ligament arthroscopically with semitendinosus tendon(autogenous group).Among them,12were males and 4were females,aged 16-62years old,the average age is 39.8years old.They were followed up for 9-39months,the average follow-up was 25.6months;13cases underwent the reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament with the double Endobutton plate and Ethibond suture(Ethibond suture group),including 9cases of male,4cases of female,aging from 19to 57years old,the average age is 36.5years old,were followed up for 12-35 months with a mean follow-up of 19.6months.The reason of injury:12cases of traffic injuries,9 cases of sports injury,4cases of fall,bruise in 2cases and 2cases of other injuries.The time between injury to operation was 3-11d,averagely 6d.8patients were accompanied by SLAP injury of shoulder joint(5cases of autologous ligament group,3cases of Ethibond suture group),3patients were accompanied by rotator cuff injury(1cases of autologous ligament group,2cases of Ethibond suture group).2patients were combined with glenohumeral joint cartilage injury(1case of autologous ligament group 1case,1case of love help group),2patients were combined with Bankart injury(both in autologous ligament group),1patient was combined with glenoid fracture(Ethibond suture group).The age,sex,cause of injury,injury side and time from getting injured to operation of the two groups are without significant differences (P > 0.05).Autologous ligament group arthroscopic semitendinosus tendon reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament coracoclavicular ligament.Allpatients underwent operation under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation.Patients were placed at 75°beach chair position.Bony landmarks were marked.The ipsilateral semitendinosus tendon was harvested first.Glenohumeral examination was first done through posterior viewing portal.Then the under surface of coracoid was exposed by shaver.Then establish the bone tunnel of clavicle,basal part of coracoid and acromial,transplant and fix the grafted tendon,wash the wound,suture the wound layer by layer.Ethibond suture group arthroscopic double Endobutton plate and Ethibond reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament.The arthroscopic explosion and tunnel reconstruction is the same with the group mentioned above,use double Endobutton plate and Ethibond suture to reconstruct coracoclavicular ligament.Make sure the button completely stuck in the upper surface of the coracoid clavicle and underlying surface,abduct the shoulder joint,press the clavicle to get the acromioclavicular joint reduced,tighten Ethibond tail and fix the knot,close the wound.Two groups of patients were immobilized by neck wrist sling for 6weeks.The immediate postoperative activity of elbow and wrist joint were demanded,shoulder joint passive exercise beginning at 2weeks,then start the shoulder joint initiative and resistance strength training after 6to 8weeks.After 6months the patients were allowed to engage in some contact sports activities.Through clinical examination,X-ray and CC-Dist measurements,then calculate the improvement rate,(CC-Dist value:the vertical distance between coracoid plane and the subclavian plane on the shoulder joint radiograph)and the Constant score was used to evaluate the curative effect.The Constant score,composed of the following 8parts:the shoulder pain(15points),daily activities(20points),range of motion of the shoulder joint(40points)(external rotation,internal rotation,abduction,flexion,each 10points),strength test(25points),wherein the objective score accounted for 65%,subjective scores accounted for 35%.The higher total score is,the better function the shoulder joint has.Excellent:≥90;good:80~89;general:70-79;poor≤70.All the data were analysed by SPSS 19.0statistical software.The imaging measurements,postoperative pain and functional scores were compared for the treatment group.Use t test orχ2test data to analysis statistically,the difference was statistically significant when P <0.05.Results29patients obtained a 1to 4years(mean 2.5years)follow-up.At last the improvement rate of the Constant score of autologous ligament group and Ethibond suture group were 47.31%and 47.01%,with no significant difference between them (t=0.136,P =0.893).The improvement rate of CC-Dist value of the Autologous ligament group and Ethibond suture group were 38.51%and 43.16%,there was an significant difference between the two groups (t = -2.895,P =0.007).Postoperative complications:two patients had a slight loss of reduction of the acromioclavicular joint.The autograft ligament group is more severe than the Ethibond suture group.Among them there were 4cases of the autologous ligament group,3cases of the Ethibond suture group.The 4patients of the autologous ligament group were satisfied with the appearance and function.The 3patients were not significantly abnormal,but 2patients complained a tightness of the shoulder and a soreness discomfort of the upper limbs.Conclusions The arthroscopic reconstruction of coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular ligament with semitendinosus tendon and the reconstruction with double EndoButton plate and Ethibond suture could improve the function of the shoulder joint,both the two have different advantages.
Arthroscopy;Ligament reconstruction;Acromioclavicular joint;Dislocation
Fu Shijie,Email:fu_fsj@sina.com.cn
2014-04-13)
(本文編輯:李靜)
10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5790.2014.03.004
646000 瀘州醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬中醫(yī)醫(yī)院骨科
扶世杰,Email:fu_fsj@sina.com.cn
汪國(guó)友,沈驊睿,曾勝?gòu)?qiáng),等.全關(guān)節(jié)鏡下治療肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位[J/CD].中華肩肘外科電子雜志,2014,2(3):151-156.